Death & Bereavement

أَيُّكُمْ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا الْقَوْمُ مَا تُرِيدِينَ مِنْهُ قَالَتْ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ مَسْأَلَةٍ فَقَالُوا لَهَا هَذَا فَقِيهُ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ فَاسْأَلِيهِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ زَوْجِي مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ مِنْ صَدَاقِي خَمْسُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ فَأَخَذْتُ صَدَاقِي وَ أَخَذْتُ مِيرَاثِي ثُمَّ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَادَّعَى عَلَيْهِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ فَشَهِدْتُ لَهُ قَالَ الْحَكَمُ فَب

We were sitting at the door of Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), as a group waiting for him to come out. Suddenly, a woman approached and asked: "Which of you is Abu Ja'far?" The people replied: "What do you need from him?" She said: "I want to ask him a question." They told her: "This is the jurist of the

إِنْ كَانَ قِيمَتُهُ مِثْلَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ وَ مِثْلَهُ جَازَ عِتْقُهُ وَ إِلَّا لَمْ يَجُزْ[1].

Hadith.5528 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who freed his slave at the time of his death while he had a debt upon him. Imam (as) said: "If the value of the slave is equal to the amount of debt he owes or more, then his emancipation is valid; otherwise, it is not va

يَقْضِي الرَّجُلُ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنْ دَيْنِهِ وَ يَقْسِمُ مَا بَقِيَ بَيْنَ الْوَرَثَةِ قُلْتُ فَيُفَرِّقُ الْوَصِيُ‌[3] مَا كَانَ أُوصِيَ بِهِ فِي الدَّيْنِ مِمَّنْ‌[4] يُؤْخَذُ الدَّيْنُ أَ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ أَمْ مِنَ الْوَصِيِّ فَقَالَ لَا يُؤْخَذُ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ وَ لَكِنَّ الْوَصِيَّ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ‌[5].

Hadith.5529 - In the narration of Aban ibn Uthman, it is reported that a man asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who had made a will appointing someone as his executor, stating that he had a debt upon him. Abu Abdullah (as), said: "The executor should settle the debt owed by the deceased and then distribute whatever r

إِذَا رَضِيَ الْغُرَمَاءُ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ ذِمَّةُ الْمَيِّتِ‌[1].

Hadith.5530 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who dies while owing a debt, and a guarantor assumes responsibility for it on behalf of the creditors. Imam (as) said: "If the creditors agree, then the deceased is cleared of responsibility."

إِذَا كَانَ الْمَتَاعُ قَائِماً بِعَيْنِهِ رُدَّ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الْمَتَاعِ وَ لَيْسَ لِلْغُرَمَاءِ أَنْ يُخَاصِمُوهُ‌[2].

Hadith.5531 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj from one of our companions from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who sold merchandise to another man. The buyer took possession of the merchandise but did not pay the price, and then the buyer died while the merchandise was still in its original form

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ‌

Hadith.5535 - Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, wrote to Abu Muhammad Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as), asking: "A man was the executor of another man's will, and then he died and appointed another man as his executor. Is the second executor obligated to fulfill the will of the man

يَا بُنَيَّ اقْبِضْ مَالَ إِخْوَتِكَ الصِّغَارِ وَ اعْمَلْ بِهِ وَ خُذْ نِصْفَ الرِّبْحِ وَ أَعْطِهِمُ النِّصْفَ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْكَ ضَمَانٌ فَقَدَّمَتْنِي أُمُّ وَلَدِ أَبِي بَعْدَ وَفَاةِ أَبِي إِلَى ابْنِ أَبِي لَيْلَى فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ هَذَا يَأْكُلُ أَمْوَالَ وُلْدِي قَالَ فَقَصَصْتُ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَمَرَنِي بِهِ أَبِي فَقَالَ ابْنُ أَبِي لَيْلَى إِنْ كَانَ أَبُوكَ أَمَرَكَ بِالْبَاطِلِ لَمْ أُجِزْهُ ثُمَّ أَشْهَدَ ع

My father called me when death approached him and said: "O' my son, take charge of your younger brothers' wealth, invest it, take half of the profit for yourself, and give them the other half. You are not liable for any loss." After my father's death, my father's concubine brought me before Ibn Abi Layla and said: "Thi

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى لِبَعْضِ وَرَثَتِهِ بِأَنَّ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ دَيْناً فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الْمَيِّتُ مَرْضِيّاً فَأَعْطِهِ الَّذِي أَوْصَى لَهُ‌[3].

'I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who, in his will, acknowledged a debt to one of his heirs.' Imam (as) said: "If the deceased was in a sound state of health, then give him what was bequeathed to him."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ اسْتَوْدَعَتْ رَجُلًا مَالًا فَلَمَّا حَضَرَهَا الْمَوْتُ قَالَتْ لَهُ إِنَّ الْمَالَ الَّذِي دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْكَ لِفُلَانَةَ وَ مَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَأَتَى أَوْلِيَاؤُهَا الرَّجُلَ وَ قَالُوا إِنَّهُ كَانَ لِصَاحِبَتِنَا مَالٌ لَا نَرَاهُ إِلَّا عِنْدَكَ فَاحْلِفْ لَنَا مَا قِبَلَكَ شَيْ‌ءٌ أَ فَيَحْلِفُ لَهُمْ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتْ مَأْمُونَةً عِنْدَهُ فَلْيَحْلِفْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a woman who entrusted a man with some wealth. When death approached her, she said to him, "The wealth I gave you belongs to so-and-so," and then the woman passed away. Her heirs came to the man and said: "Our relative had wealth, and we believe it is with you. Swear to us that you have

تَجُوزُ عَلَيْهِ شَهَادَتُهُ وَ لَا يُغْرَمُ وَ يُسْتَسْعَى الْغُلَامُ فِيمَا كَانَ لِغَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْوَرَثَةِ[1].

Hadith.5544 - Yunus ibn Abd Al-Rahman narrated from Mansur ibn Hazim from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who died and left behind a slave. One of his children testified that their father had freed the slave. Imam (as) said: "His testimony is accepted, and he is not held financially responsible. However, the slave m

يَلْزَمُهُ ذَلِكَ فِي حِصَّتِهِ‌[2].

Hadith.5545 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Muhammad ibn Abi Hamzah and Husayn ibn Uthman from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who died, and some of his heirs acknowledged a debt owed by the deceased to another man. Imam (as) said: "That acknowledgment is binding upon the share of the one who made

لَهُ يَا أَبَتِ تُعْتِقُ هَؤُلَاءِ وَ تُمْسِكُ هَؤُلَاءِ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَصَابُوا مِنِّي ضَرْباً فَيَكُونُ هَذَا بِهَذَا.

"Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), freed the worst of his servants at the time of his death and kept the best of them. I (Al-Sadiq (as)) said to him (Al-Baqir (as)): 'O' my father, you are freeing these and keeping those?' He (Al Baqir (as)) replied: ''They have suffered beatings from me, so this is to bal

أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَمَّا يَقُولُ النَّاسُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ بِالثُّلُثِ وَ الرُّبُعِ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ أَ شَيْ‌ءٌ صَحِيحٌ مَعْرُوفٌ أَمْ كَيْفَ صَنَعَ أَبُوكَ فَقَالَ الثُّلُثُ ذَلِكَ الَّذِي صَنَعَ أَبِي ع‌[1].

I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about what people say regarding making a will for one-third or one-fourth of one's wealth at the time of death. Is this something correct and well-known, or how did your father (as) handle this matter? Imam (as) replied: "The one-third is what my father (as), peace be upon him, practiced."

أَعْطُوا الْحَسَنَ بْنَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ وَ هُوَ الْأَفْطَسُ‌[3] سَبْعِينَ دِينَاراً قُلْتُ أَ تُعْطِي رَجُلًا حَمَلَ عَلَيْكَ بِالشَّفْرَةِ[4] فَقَالَ وَيْحَكِ أَ مَا تَقْرَءِينَ‌

"I was with Abu Abdullah (as), when death approached Him (as), and he fell unconscious. When He (as) regained consciousness, He (as) said: "Give Hasan ibn Ali ibn Ali ibn Al-Husayn (who was known as Al-Aftas) 'seventy dinars.'" I said: "Will you give to a man who once raised a blade against you?" Imam (as) replied: "Wo

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ أَبِي حَضَرَهُ الْمَوْتُ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ أَوْصِ فَقَالَ هَذَا ابْنِي يَعْنِي عُمَرَ فَمَا صَنَعَ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَدْ أَوْصَى أَبُوكَ وَ أَوْجَزَ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ أَمَرَ وَ أَوْصَى لَكَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَقَالَ أَجِزْ[1] قُلْتُ فَأَوْصَى بِنَسَمَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ عَارِفَةٍ فَلَمَّا أَعْتَقْنَاهَا بَانَ أَنَّهَا لِغَيْرِ رِشْدَةٍ[2] فَقَالَ قَدْ أَجْزَأَتْ

"I said to Abu Abdullah (as): 'My father was on his deathbed, and I said to him, "Make a will." He (my father) said, "This is my son," referring to Umar, "whatever he does is valid."' Abu Abdullah (as), said: "Your father has indeed made a will and done so concisely." I said: 'He also instructed and willed to give you

إِلَيْهِ يَعْنِي عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ جَعَلَ كُلَّ شَيْ‌ءٍ فِي حَيَاتِهِ لَكَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَلَدٌ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ أَصَابَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَلَداً وَ مَبْلَغُ مَالِهِ ثَلَاثَةُ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ قَدْ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْكَ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ أَنْ تُعْلِمَنِي رَأْيَكَ لِأَعْمَلَ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ ع أَطْلِقْ لَهُمْ‌[3].

'I wrote to Imam (as) - meaning Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (as) - about a man who died and had, during his lifetime, given everything he owned to you. He had no children at the time, but later he had a child. His total wealth amounted to three thousand dirhams, and I have sent you one thousand dirhams. If you see fi

إِلَى عَلِيِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ ع رَجُلٌ جَعَلَ لَكَ جَعَلَنِيَ اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ شَيْئاً مِنْ مَالِهِ ثُمَّ احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ أَ يَأْخُذُهُ لِنَفْسِهِ أَوْ يَبْعَثُ بِهِ إِلَيْكَ فَقَالَ هُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ فِي ذَلِكَ مَا لَمْ يُخْرِجْهُ عَنْ يَدِهِ وَ لَوْ وَصَلَ إِلَيْنَا لَرَأَيْنَا أَنْ نُوَاسِيَهُ بِهِ وَ قَدِ احْتَاجَ إِلَيْهِ‌[4]- قَالَ وَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ رَجُلٌ أَوْصَى لَكَ جَعَلَنِي اللَّهُ فِدَاكَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ مَع

"I wrote to Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (as) asking about a man who allocated something from his wealth for you - may Allah (swt) make me your sacrifice - but later found himself in need of it. Should he take it back for himself or still send it to you?" Imam (as) replied: "He has the choice in this matter as long as

الْعَسْكَرِيَّ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ ثُلُثِي بَعْدَ مَوْتِي بَيْنَ مَوَالِيَّ وَ مَوْلَيَاتِي وَ لِأَبِيهِ مَوَالٍ يُدْخَلُونَ مَوَالِي أَبِيهِ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ بِمَا يُسَمَّوْنَ مَوَالِيَهُ أَمْ لَا يُدْخَلُونَ فَكَتَبَ ع لَا يُدْخَلُونَ‌[2].

"I asked Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as), about a man who bequeathed one-third of his wealth after his death, saying, "My one-third after my death is to be divided among my male and female servants." This man also had servants inherited from his father. Should the servants of his father be included in this bequest, b

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ لِفُلَانٍ وَ فُلَانٍ لِأَحَدِهِمَا عِنْدِي أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ ثُمَّ مَاتَ عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ فَقَالَ أَيُّهُمَا أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَلَهُ الْمَالُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُقِمْ أَحَدٌ مِنْهُمَا الْبَيِّنَةَ فَالْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ‌[6].

Hadith.5557 - Al-Sakuni narrated through his chain of transmission that the Commander of the Faithful (as), peace be upon him, said regarding a man who, on his deathbed, confessed; "So-and-so and so-and-so each have a claim of one thousand dirhams against me," and then he died in that state. Imam (as) said: "Whoever am

فَأَتَى بِهَا الرَّجُلُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع ادْفَعْهَا إِلَى فُلَانٍ شَيْخٍ مِنْ وُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ ع وَ كَانَ مُعِيلًا مُقِلًّا فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ إِنَّمَا أَوْصَى بِهَا الرَّجُلُ لِوُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّهَا لَا تَقَعُ مِنْ وُلْدِ فَاطِمَةَ ع وَ هِيَ تَقَعُ مِنْ هَذَا الرَّجُلِ وَ لَهُ عِيَالٌ‌[3].

'A man bequeathed thirty dinars to the descendants of Sayyidah Fatimah {s.a}, peace be upon her. The man brought the money to Abu Abdullah (as), who said: "Give it to such-and-such an elder from the descendants of Sayyidah Fatimah {s.a}, peace be upon her," and that man was poor and struggling to provide for his family

لِي إِنْ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَأَعْطِ فُلَاناً عِشْرِينَ دِينَاراً وَ أَعْطِ أُخْتِي بَقِيَّةَ الدَّنَانِيرِ فَمَاتَ وَ لَمْ أَشْهَدْ مَوْتَهُ فَأَتَى رَجُلٌ مُسْلِمٌ صَادِقٌ فَقَالَ لِي إِنَّهُ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أَقُولَ لَكَ انْظُرْ إِلَى الدَّنَانِيرِ الَّتِي أَمَرْتُكَ أَنْ تَدْفَعَهَا إِلَى أُخْتِي فَتَصَدَّقْ مِنْهَا بِعَشَرَةِ دَنَانِيرَ اقْسِمْهَا فِي الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ لَمْ تَعْلَمْ أُخْتُهُ أَنَّ عِنْدِي شَيْئاً ف

I asked Imam (as) about a man who had dinars with me and was ill. He said to me, "If something happens to me, give so-and-so twenty dinars and give the remainder of the dinars to my sister." The man passed away, and I was not present at his death. Then, a truthful Muslim man came to me and said: "He instructed me to te

نَعَمْ هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْوَصِيَّةِ[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who designates his slave for emancipation after his death (mudabbar). Can he revoke this decision? Imam (as) said: "Yes, it is like a will."

إِلَيْهِ‌[3] جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَيْسَ لِي وَلَدٌ وَ لِي ضِيَاعٌ وَرِثْتُهَا عَنْ أَبِي وَ بَعْضُهَا اسْتَفَدْتُهَا وَ لَا آمَنُ مِنَ الْحَدَثَانِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي وَلَدٌ وَ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَمَا تَرَى جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَنْ أَقِفَ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ إِخْوَانِي وَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ أَوْ أَبِيعَهَا وَ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا فِي حَيَاتِي عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِنِّي أَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ لَا يُنْفَذَ الْوَقْفُ بَعْدَ م

I wrote to Imam (as) - may I be your sacrifice - saying, "I have no children, and I possess estates that I inherited from my father and some that I acquired myself. I do not feel secure from unforeseen events. If I remain childless and something happens to me, what do you advise - may I be your sacrifice - should I ded

كَتَبَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَمْزَةَ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع‌ مُدَبَّرٌ وُقِفَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ صَاحِبُهُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ لَا يَفِي بِمَالِهِ فَكَتَبَ ع يُبَاعُ وَقْفُهُ فِي الدَّيْنِ‌[1].

Hadith.5571 - Muhammad ibn Isa Al-Ubaydi narrated that Ahmad ibn Hamzah wrote to Abu Al-Hasan, peace be upon him, regarding a mudabbar (a slave who was set to be freed upon his owner's death) who was placed in an endowment (waqf), and then his owner died while owing a debt that could not be covered by his remaining wea

إِلَيْهِ ع مَيِّتٌ أَوْصَى بِأَنْ يُجْرَى عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِ وَ لَمْ يَأْمُرْ بِإِنْفَاذِ ثُلُثِهِ‌[2] هَلْ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يُوقِفَ ثُلُثَ الْمَيِّتِ بِسَبَبِ الْإِجْرَاءِ[3]- فَكَتَبَ ع يُنْفِذُ ثُلُثَهُ وَ لَا يُوقِفُ‌[4].

I wrote to Imam (as) regarding a deceased person who had willed that a portion of his estate from his one-third share be allocated to support a man for as long as he lived, but he did not explicitly instruct for the execution of his entire one-third share. Is it permissible for the executor to turn the deceased's one-t

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَقَفَ غَلَّةً لَهُ عَلَى قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ قَرَابَةٍ مِنْ أُمِّهِ‌ وَ أَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْغَلَّةِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ وَ يُقْسَمُ الْبَاقِي عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ قَالَ جَائِزٌ لِلَّذِي أَوْصَى لَهُ بِذَلِكَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ غَلَّةِ الْأَرْضِ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who endowed the yield of his property for his relatives from his father's side and his mother's side. He also made a bequest for a man and his descendants - who had no relation to him - to receive three hundred dirhams annually from that yield, with the remainder to be distributed

وَ رَوَى يَعْقُوبُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي كَهْمَسٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ سِتَّةٌ تَلْحَقُ الْمُؤْمِنَ بَعْدَ وَفَاتِهِ وَلَدٌ يَسْتَغْفِرُ لَهُ وَ مُصْحَفٌ يُخَلِّفُهُ‌[3] وَ غَرْسٌ يَغْرِسُهُ وَ بِئْرٌ يَحْفِرُهَا وَ صَدَقَةٌ يُجْرِيهَا وَ سُنَّةٌ يُؤْخَذُ بِهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ.

Hadith.5583 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Six things continue to benefit a believer after his death: a child who seeks forgiveness for him, a Quran that he leaves behind, a tree that he plants, a well that he digs, a charity that he establishes, and a good practice (sunnah) that is followe

إِذَا لَمْ يَقْبِضُوا حَتَّى يَمُوتَ فَهِيَ مِيرَاثٌ فَإِنْ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ لِأَنَّ الْوَالِدَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَلِي أَمْرَهُمْ‌[1] وَ قَالَ ع لَا يَرْجِعْ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌[2].

Hadith.5585 - Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id narrated from Al-Nadr, from Al-Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Ubayd ibn Zurara, who reported from Abu Abdullah (as), that he said regarding a man who gave charity to his children who had reached maturity: "If they do not take possession of it before his death, then it becomes inheritance. Bu

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ السَّكُونِيِ‌ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ يَرُدُّ النِّحْلَةَ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ وَ مَا أَقَرَّ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ بِلَا ثَبَتٍ وَ لَا بَيِّنَةٍ رَدَّهُ‌[3].

Hadith.5592 - In the narration of Al-Sakuni: "Indeed, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), peace be upon him, used to reject gifts (grants) in a will, and whatever a person acknowledged at the time of his death without proof or evidence; Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) would reject it."

أَرَى أَنْ تُقَوَّمَ الدَّارُ بِقِيمَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ وَ يُنْظَرَ إِلَى ثُلُثِ الْمَيِّتِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي ثُلُثِهِ مَا يُحِيطُ بِثَمَنِ الدَّارِ فَلَيْسَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يُخْرِجُوهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الثُّلُثُ لَا يُحِيطُ بِثَمَنِ الدَّارِ فَلَهُمْ أَنْ يُخْرِجُوهُ قِيلَ لَهُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ الَّذِي جُعِلَ لَهُ السُّكْنَى بَعْدَ مَوْتِ صَاحِبِ الدَّارِ يَكُونُ السُّكْنَى لِعَقِبِ الَّذِي جُعِلَ لَهُ السُّ

I asked Imam (as) about a man who granted another man the right to reside in his house for the duration of his own life (meaning the life of the house owner). Then, the one who granted the residence passed away while the one granted the residence remained alive. I asked: "If the heirs wish to remove him from the house,

قَالَ الْفَضْلُ وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْعَدَنِيُ‌[4] صَاحِبُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْكُوفِيُّ صَاحِبُ أَبِي يُوسُفَ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ‌[5] عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الْعَبْدِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ‌[6] عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ‌

Layth ibn Abi Sulaym narrated from Abu Amr Al-Abdi, from Ibn Sulayman, from Imam Ali ibn Abi Ṭalib (as), who used to say: "The shares of inheritance are from six portions: two-thirds is four portions, half is three portions, one-third is two portions, one-fourth is one and a half portions, and one-eighth is three-fourt

لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رَجُلٌ هَلَكَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ عَمَّهُ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ قَالَ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً لَهُ وَ أَخاً أَوْ قَالَ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ طَوِيلًا[3] ثُمَّ قَالَ الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ.

I said to Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as): "May I be sacrificed for you! A man has died and left behind his daughter and his paternal uncle." Imam (as) replied: "The entire wealth belongs to the daughter." Al-Bazanti further said: I asked Imam (as), "A man has died and left behind his daughter and a (his) brother", or he said

لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ص‌ أَعْيَانُ بَنِي الْأُمِّ أَحَقُّ بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنْ وُلْدِ الْعَلَّاتِ‌[3]. فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ ابْنِ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ فَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ رَدٌّ عَلَيْهِنَّ لِأَنَّهُنَّ أَقْرَبُ الْأَرْحَامِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ وَ ابْنَ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لِأَنَّهُ أَقْرَبُ بِبَطْ

Hadith.5621 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "The full siblings from the same mother are more entitled to inheritance than the paternal half-siblings." [AL SADUQ] If a person leaves behind full sisters (from the same father and mother), paternal sisters (from the same father only), a

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع امْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا[1] فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌.

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman who died and left behind her husband, maternal brothers, and paternal brothers. Imam (as) said: "The husband receives half of the inheritance, which is three shares. The maternal brothers receive one-third, with males and females sharing equally. The remaining share goes to the p

لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ‌[2] وَ لِلْجَدَّةِ السُّدُسُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ وَ هُوَ الثُّلُثَانِ لِلْأَبِ.

Hadith.5630 - Yaqub ibn Yazid narrated from Yahya ibn Al-Mubarak from Abdullah ibn Jabalah from Abu Jamilah from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding the case of a deceased person who left behind both parents and a maternal grandmother. Imam (as) said: "The mother receives one-sixth, the grandmother receive

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ أَخَوَيْنِ كَانَا أَوْ مِائَةً فَالْجَدُّ مَعَهُمْ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لِلْجَدِّ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ[3].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who died and left behind his full brother (from the same father and mother) and his grandfather. Imam (as) said: "The inheritance is divided among them as if they were two brothers or even a hundred. The grandfather is considered as one of them; he receives a share equal to that of

هُوَ كَأَحَدِهِمْ‌[1].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who died and left behind six brothers and a grandfather. Imam (as) said: "The grandfather is considered as one of them."

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلْقَوْمِ يَغْرَقُونَ فِي اَلسَّفِينَةِ أَوْ يَقَعُ عَلَيْهِمُ اَلْبَيْتُ فَيَمُوتُونَ وَ لاَ يُعْلَمُ أَيُّهُمْ مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ "يُوَرَّثُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ"

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a group of people who drown in a ship or a house collapses on them, causing their death, and it is not known who among them died first. Imam (as) said: "They inherit from one another."

تُوَرَّثُ الْمَرْأَةُ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ ثُمَّ يُوَرَّثُ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْمَرْأَةِ[1].

Hadith.5657 - Ali ibn Mahziyar narrated from Fadalah, from Aban, from Al-Fadl ibn Abdul Malik, from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a woman and her husband upon whom a house collapsed. Imam (as) said: "The woman inherits from the man, and then the man inherits from the woman."

يُوَرَّثُ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا مِنْ زَوْجِهِ كَمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِوَرَثَتِهِمَا[2].

"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a man and a woman upon whom a house collapsed, causing their death, and it was not known which of them died first. Imam (as) said: 'Each of them inherits from their spouse according to what Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has prescribed for their heirs.'"

يُوَرَّثُ بَعْضُهُمْ مِنْ بَعْضٍ قُلْتُ إِنَّ أَبَا حَنِيفَةَ أَدْخَلَ فِيهَا قَالَ وَ مَا أَدْخَلَ فِيهَا قُلْتُ قَالَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ لِأَحَدِهِمَا مِائَةُ أَلْفٍ وَ الْآخَرُ لَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ كَانَا فِي سَفِينَةٍ فَغَرِقَا وَ لَمْ يُدْرَ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ أَوَّلًا كَانَ الْمِيرَاثُ لِوَرَثَةِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ لَهُ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِوَرَثَةِ الَّذِي لَهُ الْمَالُ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ

I asked Imam (as) about a house that collapsed on a group of people gathered together, and it was not known who among them died first. Imam (as) said: "They inherit from one another." I said: "Abu Hanifah has given a different ruling regarding this." Imam (as) asked: "And what did he say?" I replied: "He said that if t

لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي بَيْتٍ سَقَطَ عَلَى قَوْمٍ فَبَقِيَ مِنْهُمْ صَبِيَّانِ أَحَدُهُمَا حُرٌّ وَ الْآخَرُ مَمْلُوكٌ لِصَاحِبِهِ فَلَمْ يُعْرَفِ الْحُرُّ مِنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ فَقَالَ أَبُو حَنِيفَةَ يُعْتَقُ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ نِصْفُ هَذَا وَ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ لَكِنَّهُ يُقْرَعُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَمَنْ أَصَابَتْهُ الْقُرْعَةُ فَهُوَ الْح

Abu Hanifah entered upon Abu Abdullah (as), and Abu Abdullah (as) asked him: "What do you say about a house that collapsed on a group of people, leaving behind two boys - one of them is free and the other is a slave belonging to the free one - but it is not known which is the free one and which is the slave?" Abu Hanif

فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَفَزِعَتْ حِينَ رَأَتِ الْقِتَالَ وَ الْهَزِيمَةَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ ابْنَهَا مَاتَ قَبْلَهَا قَالَ فَدَعَا زَوْجَهَا أَبَا الْغُلَامِ الْمَيِّتِ فَوَرَّثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِهِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ وَ

'When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) defeated Talhah and Al-Zubayr, the people fled in retreat. As they were fleeing, they passed by a pregnant woman on the roadside. She was frightened by them and miscarried her child, who was born alive but convulsed until he died. The woman herself also passed away shortly after. Imam

إِذَا دَخَلَ بِهَا فَمَاتَ فِي مَرَضِهِ وَرِثَتْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ بِهَا لَمْ تَرِثْهُ وَ نِكَاحُهُ بَاطِلٌ‌[1].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who married during his illness. Imam (as) said: "If he consummated the marriage with her and then died during his illness, she inherits from him. However, if he did not consummate the marriage with her, she does not inherit from him, and the marriage is invalid."

لَهُ رَجُلٌ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً بِحُكْمِهَا فَمَاتَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَحْكُمَ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهَا صَدَاقٌ وَ هِيَ تَرِثُهُ‌[4].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who married a woman according to her own condition (by her terms), but he died before she could set the conditions. Imam (as) said: "She is not entitled to a dowry (ṣadaq), but she inherits from him."

سَأَلَ حَفْصٌ الْأَعْوَرُ[5] أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع وَ أَنَا حَاضِرٌ فَقَالَ‌ كَانَ لِأَبِي أَجِيرٌ وَ كَانَ‌

Hafs Al-Awar asked Abu Abdullah (as) while I was present, saying: "My father had a hired worker who had something with him. The worker died, leaving behind no heirs or relatives. I am distressed about this matter; what should I do?" Abu Abdullah (as) replied: "The needy are more deserving of it, the needy are more dese

يُقْسَمُ مِيرَاثُهُ وَ يُعْزَلُ لِلْغَائِبِ نَصِيبُهُ قُلْتُ فَعَلَيْهِ الزَّكَاةُ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ فَيَقْبِضَهُ وَ يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يُدْرَى أَيْنَ هُوَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الْوَرَثَةُ مِلَاءً[3] اقْتَسَمُوا مِيرَاثَهُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ رَدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ.

I asked Imam (as) about a man who died and left behind children, some of whom were absent and their whereabouts were unknown. Imam (as) said: "Inheritance should be divided, and the share of the absent one will be set aside." I asked: "Is zakat due on it?" Imam (as) said: "No, not until he returns, takes possession of

يَطْلُبُ قَالَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ قَدْ طَالَ عَلَيْهِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ قَالَ يَطْلُبُ‌[4].

Hadith.5710 - Yunus ibn Abd Al-Rahman narrated from Ibn Awn from Mu'awiyah ibn Wahb from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who had a rightful claim over another person but lost contact with him. He did not know where to search for him, whether he was alive or dead, and was unaware of any heir, lineage, or child related

وَ رَوَى الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ سَيْفِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ أَبِي بَكْرٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ إِذَا ارْتَدَّ الرَّجُلُ الْمُسْلِمُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ بَانَتْ مِنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ كَمَا تَبِينُ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ ثَلَاثاً وَ تَعْتَدُّ مِنْهُ كَمَا تَعْتَدُّ الْمُطَلَّقَةُ فَإِنْ رَجَعَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ وَ تَابَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَتَزَوَّجَ فَهُوَ خَاطِبٌ وَ لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا لَهُ‌[2] وَ إِ

"If a Muslim man apostatizes from Islam, his wife becomes separated from him just as a woman becomes separated after a third divorce, and she must observe the waiting period (iddah) as a divorced woman does. If he returns to Islam and repents before she marries another man, he may propose to her again, and she is not r

مُعَاذٌ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ- الْإِسْلَامُ يَزِيدُ وَ لَا يَنْقُصُ فَوَرَّثَ الْمُسْلِمَ مِنْ أَخِيهِ الْيَهُودِيِّ.

Hadith.5720 - It was narrated from Abu Al-Aswad Al-Duʾali that Muadh ibn Jabal was in Yemen when people gathered around him and said: "A Jewish man has died and left behind a Muslim brother." Muadh said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) say: 'Islam increases and does not diminish