قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ[3] مَا أَيْسَرُ مَا يَدْخُلُ بِهِ الْعَبْدُ النَّارَ قَالَ مَنْ أَكَلَ مِنْ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ دِرْهَماً وَ نَحْنُ الْيَتِيمُ[4].
I asked Abu Ja’far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) "May Allah (swt) keep you well, what is the simplest way for a person to enter the Fire?" Imam (as) replied: "Whoever consumes a dirham from the wealth of the orphan - and we are the orphan."
أَمَّا خُمُسُ اللَّهِ فَلِلرَّسُولِ يَضَعُهُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ وَ أَمَّا خُمُسُ الرَّسُولِ ص فَلِأَقَارِبِهِ[2] وَ خُمُسُ ذِي الْقُرْبَى فَهُمْ أَقْرِبَاؤُهُ وَ الْيَتَامَى يَتَامَى أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ فَجَعَلَ هَذِهِ الْأَرْبَعَةَ الْأَسْهُمِ فِيهِمْ[3] وَ أَمَّا الْمَسَاكِينُ وَ أَبْنَاءُ السَّبِيلِ فَقَدْ عَرَفْتَ أَنَّا لَا نَأْكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ وَ لَا تَحِلُّ لَنَا فَهِيَ لِلْمَسَاكِينِ وَ أَبْنَاءِ السَّبِيلِ[4
Hadith.1651 - Zakariya ibn Malik al-Ju'fi asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about the verse of Allah (swt), the Almighty: "And know that whatever you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah (swt), the Messenger, the near relatives, the orphans, the needy, and the traveler" (Surah Al-Anfal 8:41). The Ima
قَرَأْتُ فِي كِتَابٍ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع إِلَى رَجُلٍ يَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يَجْعَلَهُ فِي حِلٍّ مِنْ مَأْكَلِهِ وَ مَشْرَبِهِ مِنَ الْخُمُسِ فَكَتَبَ ع بِخَطِّهِ مَنْ أَعْوَزَهُ شَيْءٌ مِنْ حَقِّي فَهُوَ فِي حِلٍ[6].
I read in a letter from Abu Ja'far (Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Jawad (as)) to a man who asked him for permission regarding his consumption of food and drink from the Khums: The Imam (as) wrote in his own handwriting: "Whoever is in need of any part of my right is granted permission."
إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص قَبِلَ الْجِزْيَةَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ عَلَى أَنْ لَا يَأْكُلُوا الرِّبَا وَ لَا يَأْكُلُوا لَحْمَ الْخِنْزِيرِ وَ لَا يَنْكِحُوا الْأَخَوَاتِ وَ لَا بَنَاتِ الْأَخِ وَ لَا بَنَاتِ الْأُخْتِ فَمَنْ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُمْ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ مِنْهُ ذِمَّةُ اللَّهِ وَ ذِمَّةُ[2] رَسُولِهِ ص وَ قَالَ لَيْسَتْ لَهُمُ الْيَوْمَ ذِمَّةٌ.
Hadith.1669 - In a narration from Ali ibn Ri'ab, from Zurara, from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) it is reported: "The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, accepted the jizya from the people of the dhimmah on the condition that they would not consume usury, would not eat pork,
الْمُنْجِيَاتُ إِطْعَامُ الطَّعَامِ وَ إِفْشَاءُ السَّلَامِ وَ الصَّلَاةُ بِاللَّيْلِ وَ النَّاسُ نِيَامٌ. فَضْلُ الْقَصْدِ
إِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْقِيَامَةِ نَادَى مُنَادٍ أَيُّهَا الْخَلَائِقُ أَنْصِتُوا فَإِنَّ مُحَمَّداً يُكَلِّمُكُمْ فَتُنْصِتُ الْخَلَائِقُ فَيَقُومُ النَّبِيُّ ص فَيَقُولُ يَا مَعْشَرَ الْخَلَائِقِ مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ عِنْدِي يَدٌ أَوْ مِنَّةٌ أَوْ مَعْرُوفٌ فَلْيَقُمْ حَتَّى أُكَافِيَهُ فَيَقُولُونَ بِآبَائِنَا وَ أُمَّهَاتِنَا وَ أَيُّ يَدٍ وَ أَيُّ مِنَّةٍ وَ أَيُّ مَعْرُوفٍ لَنَا بَلِ الْيَدُ وَ الْمِنَّةُ وَ الْمَعْ
إِنَّمَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الصِّيَامَ لِيَسْتَوِيَ بِهِ الْغَنِيُّ وَ الْفَقِيرُ وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ الْغَنِيَّ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِيَجِدَ مَسَّ الْجُوعِ فَيَرْحَمَ الْفَقِيرَ لِأَنَّ الْغَنِيَّ كُلَّمَا أَرَادَ شَيْئاً قَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ فَأَرَادَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَنْ يُسَوِّيَ بَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ وَ أَنْ يُذِيقَ الْغَنِيَّ مَسَّ الْجُوعِ وَ الْأَلَمِ لِيَرِقَّ عَلَى الضَّعِيفِ فَيَرْحَمَ الْجَائِعَ.
Hadith.1766 - Hisham ibn al-Hakam asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about the reason for fasting. Imam (as) said: "Allah (swt), the Almighty, prescribed fasting so that the rich and the poor may become equal. This is because the rich would not experience the pain of hunger to have mercy on the po
وَ كَتَبَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُوسَى الرِّضَا ع إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ عِلَّةُ الصَّوْمِ لِعِرْفَانِ مَسِّ الْجُوعِ وَ الْعَطَشِ لِيَكُونَ ذَلِيلًا مُسْتَكِيناً مَأْجُوراً مُحْتَسِباً صَابِراً وَ يَكُونَ ذَلِكَ دَلِيلًا لَهُ عَلَى شَدَائِدِ الْآخِرَةِ مَعَ مَا فِيهِ مِنَ الِانْكِسَارِ لَهُ عَنِ الشَّهَوَاتِ وَاعِظاً لَهُ فِي الْعَاجِلِ دَلِيلًا عَلَى الْآجِلِ لِي
Hadith.1767 - Abu al-Hasan Imam Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason for fasting is to understand the feeling of hunger and thirst, so that one becomes humble, submissive, rewarded, mindful, and patient. It serves as a reminder of the hardships of the Hereafte
وَ كَتَبَ حَمْزَةُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ ع لِمَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ الصَّوْمَ فَوَرَدَ فِي الْجَوَابِ لِيَجِدَ الْغَنِيُّ مَسَّ الْجُوعِ فَيَمُنَّ عَلَى الْفَقِيرِ[3].
Hadith.1768 - Hamza ibn Muhammad wrote to Abu Muhammad (as) asking: "Why did Allah (swt) make fasting obligatory?" The response came (from Imam (as)): "So that the rich may feel the pain of hunger and thus show generosity to the poor."
جَاءَ نَفَرٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَسَأَلَهُ أَعْلَمُهُمْ عَنْ مَسَائِلَ فَكَانَ فِيمَا سَأَلَهُ أَنَّهُ قَالَ لَهُ لِأَيِّ شَيْءٍ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ الصَّوْمَ عَلَى أُمَّتِكَ بِالنَّهَارِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً وَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْأُمَمِ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص إِنَّ آدَمَ ع لَمَّا أَكَلَ مِنَ الشَّجَرَةِ بَقِيَ فِي بَطْنِهِ ثَلَاثِينَ يَوْماً فَفَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَل
Hadith.1769 - It is narrated from Imam al-Hasan ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) that he said: "A group of Jews came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and the most learned among them asked him about certain matters. Among the questions he asked was: 'Why did Allah (swt), the Al
قِيلُوا[3] فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يُطْعِمُ الصَّائِمَ وَ يَسْقِيهِ فِي مَنَامِهِ
قَالَ لِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَوْماً يَا زُهْرِيُّ مِنْ أَيْنَ جِئْتَ فَقُلْتُ مِنَ الْمَسْجِدِ قَالَ فَفِيمَ كُنْتُمْ قُلْتُ تَذَاكَرْنَا أَمْرَ الصَّوْمِ فَأَجْمَعَ رَأْيِي وَ رَأْيُ أَصْحَابِي عَلَى أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الصَّوْمِ شَيْءٌ وَاجِبٌ إِلَّا صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ يَا زُهْرِيُّ لَيْسَ كَمَا قُلْتُمْ الصَّوْمُ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ وَجْهاً فَعَشَرَةُ أَوْجُهٍ مِنْهَا وَاجِبَةٌ كَوُجُوبِ شَهْر
Hadith.1784 - It is narrated from al-Zuhri that he said: "One day, Imam Zain al-Abidin Ali ibn al-Hussein (as) said to me: 'O Zuhri, where have you come from?' I replied: 'From the mosque.' Imam (as) asked: 'What were you discussing?' I said: 'We were discussing the matter of fasting, and my opinion along with that of
مُدٌّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ[5].
Hadith.1793 - Iys ibn al-Qasim asked Abu Abdullah (Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as)) about someone who does not fast the three days of every month and finds fasting difficult. Is there a compensation for this? Imam (as) said: "A mudd (a measure) of food for each day."
مَا مِنْ صَائِمٍ يَحْضُرُ قَوْماً يَطْعَمُونَ إِلَّا سَبَّحَتْ لَهُ أَعْضَاؤُهُ وَ كَانَتْ صَلَاةُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ عَلَيْهِ وَ كَانَتْ صَلَاتُهُمُ اسْتِغْفَاراً
رَجَبٌ نَهَرٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ أَشَدُّ بَيَاضاً مِنَ اللَّبَنِ وَ أَحْلَى مِنَ الْعَسَلِ فَمَنْ صَامَ يَوْماً مِنْ رَجَبٍ سَقَاهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ ذَلِكَ النَّهَرِ
خَطَبَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص النَّاسَ فِي آخِرِ جُمُعَةٍ مِنْ شَعْبَانَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَ أَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّهُ قَدْ أَظَلَّكُمْ شَهْرٌ[1] فِيهِ لَيْلَةٌ خَيْرٌ مِنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ وَ هُوَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَرَضَ اللَّهُ صِيَامَهُ وَ جَعَلَ قِيَامَ لَيْلَةٍ فِيهِ كَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ بِصَلَاةٍ سَبْعِينَ لَيْلَةً فِيمَا سِوَاهُ مِنَ الشُّهُورِ وَ جَعَلَ لِمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ فِيهِ بِخَصْلَةٍ مِنْ
"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) addressed the people on the last Friday of Sha‘ban. He praised Allah (swt) and glorified Him, then said: 'O people, indeed, a month is approaching you in which there is a night "better than a thousand months." It is the Month of Ramadan. All
لَا يَضُرُّ الصَّائِمَ مَا صَنَعَ إِذَا اجْتَنَبَ أَرْبَعَ خِصَالٍ الطَّعَامَ وَ الشَّرَابَ وَ النِّسَاءَ وَ الِارْتِمَاسَ فِي الْمَاءِ[1].
"The fasting person is not harmed by what he does as long as he avoids four things: eating, drinking, women, and immersing himself in water."
إِنَّ الصِّيَامَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ وَحْدَهُ إِنَّ مَرْيَمَ قَالَتْ إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمنِ صَوْماً أَيْ صَمْتاً فَاحْفَظُوا أَلْسِنَتَكُمْ وَ غُضُّوا أَبْصَارَكُمْ وَ لَا تَحَاسَدُوا وَ لَا تَنَازَعُوا فَإِنَّ الْحَسَدَ يَأْكُلُ الْإِيمَانَ كَمَا تَأْكُلُ النَّارُ الْحَطَبَ.
Hadith.1857 - Abu Basir narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that he said: "Fasting is not limited to refraining from food and drink alone. Indeed, Maryam said, ‘I have vowed a fast to the Most Merciful’ (i.e., silence). So, guard your tongues, lower your gazes, do not envy one another, and do not quarre
وَ سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص امْرَأَةً تَسُبُّ جَارِيَةً لَهَا وَ هِيَ صَائِمَةٌ فَدَعَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِطَعَامٍ فَقَالَ لَهَا كُلِي فَقَالَتْ إِنِّي صَائِمَةٌ فَقَالَ كَيْفَ تَكُونِينَ صَائِمَةً وَ قَدْ سَبَبْتِ جَارِيَتَكِ إِنَّ الصَّوْمَ لَيْسَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ فَقَطْ[4].
Hadith.1861 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) heard a woman insulting her servant while she was fasting. The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) called for food and said to her, "Eat." She replied: "I am fasting." He (sw) said: "How can you be fasting when you hav
هَلَكْتُ وَ أَهْلَكْتُ[6] فَقَالَ وَ مَا أَهْلَكَكَ قَالَ أَتَيْتُ امْرَأَتِي فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَنَا صَائِمٌ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص أَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً قَالَ لَا أَجِدُ قَالَ فَصُمْ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ قَالَ لَا أُطِيقُ قَالَ تَصَدَّقْ عَلَى سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً قَالَ لَا أَجِدُ فَأُتِيَ النَّبِيُّ ص بِعِذْقٍ فِي مِكْتَلٍ[1] فِيهِ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ صَاعاً مِنْ تَمْرٍ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص خُذْهَا فَتَصَدَّقْ
Hadith.1885 - Abd al-Mu’min ibn al-Qasim al-Ansari narrated from Abu Ja'far (as): "A man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and said: 'I have perished, and I have ruined myself.' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) asked: 'What has ruined you?' The man replied: 'I had relations with my wi
كَفَّارَتُهُ جَرِيبَانِ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ هُوَ عِشْرُونَ صَاعاً[1].
Hadith.1888 - Muhammad ibn al-Nu'man narrated from Imam (as) that he was asked about a man who broke his fast for one day in the Month of Ramadan. Imam (as) said: "His expiation is two jars (jariban) of food, which is equivalent to twenty sa'."
قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : «وَقْتُ اَلْمَغْرِبِ إِذَا غَابَ اَلْقُرْصُ فَإِنْ رَأَيْتَهُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ وَ قَدْ صَلَّيْتَ أَعَدْتَ اَلصَّلاَةَ وَ مَضَى صَوْمُكَ وَ تَكُفُّ عَنِ اَلطَّعَامِ إِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ أَصَبْتَ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً».
Hadith.1902 - Hammad narrated from Hariz, from Zurara, who said that Abu Ja'far (as) said: "The time for Maghrib is when the disk of the sun disappears. If you see it again after that and you have already prayed, you must repeat the prayer, but your fast remains valid. Refrain from eating if you have consumed anything.
الصَّبِيُّ يُؤْخَذُ بِالصِّيَامِ إِذَا بَلَغَ تِسْعَ سِنِينَ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا يُطِيقُهُ فَإِنْ أَطَاقَ إِلَى الظُّهْرِ أَوْ بَعْدَهُ صَامَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ الْوَقْتِ فَإِذَا غَلَبَ عَلَيْهِ الْجُوعُ أَوِ الْعَطَشُ أَفْطَرَ[1]
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقُلْتُ مَتَى يَحْرُمُ الطَّعَامُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ وَ تَحِلُّ الصَّلَاةُ صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ لِي إِذَا اعْتَرَضَ الْفَجْرُ فَكَانَ كَالْقُبْطِيَّةِ[1] الْبَيْضَاءِ فَثَمَّ يَحْرُمُ الطَّعَامُ عَلَى الصَّائِمِ وَ تَحِلُّ الصَّلَاةُ صَلَاةُ الْفَجْرِ قُلْتُ أَ فَلَسْنَا فِي وَقْتٍ إِلَى أَنْ يَطْلُعَ شُعَاعُ الشَّمْسِ قَالَ هَيْهَاتَ أَيْنَ تَذْهَبُ بِكَ تِلْكَ صَلَاةُ الصِّبْيَان
"I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'When does food become forbidden for the fasting person, and when does the time for the Fajr prayer begin?' Imam (as) said to me: 'When the dawn spreads and appears like a white cloth, at that point food becomes forbidden for the fasting person, and the time for the Fajr prayer begins.' I sa
نَزَلَتْ فِي خَوَّاتِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ الْأَنْصَارِيِ[4] وَ كَانَ مَعَ النَّبِيِّ ص فِي الْخَنْدَقِ وَ هُوَ صَائِمٌ وَ أَمْسَى عَلَى تِلْكَ الْحَالِ وَ كَانُوا قَبْلَ أَنْ تَنْزِلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ إِذَا نَامَ أَحَدُهُمْ حَرُمَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّعَامُ- فَجَاءَ خَوَّاتٌ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ حِينَ أَمْسَى فَقَالَ عِنْدَكُمْ طَعَامٌ فَقَالُوا لَا تَنَمْ[1] حَتَّى نَصْنَعَ لَكَ طَعَاماً فَاتَّكَى فَنَامَ قَالُوا قَدْ فَعَلْتَ قَالَ
Hadith.1935 - Abu Basir narrated from one of the Imams (as) regarding the verse of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "And eat and drink until the white thread becomes distinct to you from the black thread of dawn" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187). Imam (as) said: "This verse was revealed about Khawwat ibn Jubayr al-Ansari. He was with
وَ سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع عَنِ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ بَيَاضُ النَّهَارِ مِنْ سَوَادِ اللَّيْلِ[2].
Hadith.1936 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about the verse: "The white thread becomes distinct from the black thread of dawn" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:187). Imam (as) said: "It is the whiteness of the day separating from the darkness of the night."
وَ قَالَ فِي خَبَرٍ آخَرَ وَ هُوَ الْفَجْرُ الَّذِي لَا شَكَّ فِيهِ.
Hadith.1937 - In another narration, Imam (as) said: "It is the dawn about which there is no doubt."
أَحَدُهُمَا هُوَ ذَا وَ قَالَ الْآخَرُ مَا أَرَى شَيْئاً قَالَ فَلْيَأْكُلِ الَّذِي لَمْ يَتَبَيَّنْ لَهُ الْفَجْرُ وَ لْيَشْرَبْ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- وَ كُلُوا وَ اشْرَبُوا حَتَّى يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ قَالَ سَمَاعَةُ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَكَلَ وَ شَرِبَ بَعْدَ مَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ فِي شَه
Hadith.1938 - Sama'ah ibn Mihran asked Imam (as) about two men who rose to check for dawn. One of them said, "There it is," while the other said, "I do not see anything." Imam (as) said: "The one who does not see the dawn clearly may eat and drink because Allah (swt), the Exalted, says: 'And eat and drink until the whi
سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ خَرَجَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ أَصْحَابُهُ يَتَسَحَّرُونَ فِي بَيْتٍ فَنَظَرَ إِلَى الْفَجْرِ فَنَادَاهُمْ أَنَّهُ قَدْ طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ فَكَفَّ بَعْضٌ وَ ظَنَّ بَعْضٌ أَنَّهُ يَسْخَرُ فَأَكَلَ فَقَالَ يُتِمُّ وَ يَقْضِي[3].
"I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who, during the Month of Ramadan, went out while his companions were taking suhoor (pre-dawn meal) in a house. He saw the dawn and called out to them, saying that the dawn had risen. Some of them stopped eating, while others thought he was joking and continued to eat. Imam (as) sa
قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع آمُرُ الْجَارِيَةَ لِتَنْظُرَ إِلَى الْفَجْرِ فَتَقُولُ لَمْ يَطْلُعْ بَعْدُ فَآكُلُ ثُمَّ أَنْظُرُ فَأَجِدُهُ قَدْ كَانَ طَلَعَ حِينَ نَظَرَتْ[1] قَالَ اقْضِهِ أَمَا إِنَّكَ لَوْ كُنْتَ أَنْتَ الَّذِي نَظَرْتَ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.
"I asked Abu Abdullah (as): 'I instruct a servant girl to check for the dawn, and she tells me that it has not risen yet, so I eat. Then I check and find that it had actually risen when she looked.' Imam (as) said: 'Make up that day. However, if you had been the one to check and it happened, there would be nothing upon
سَأَلَهُ أَبِي وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ عَنْ حَدِّ الْمَرَضِ الَّذِي يَتْرُكُ الْإِنْسَانُ فِيهِ الصَّوْمَ قَالَ إِذَا لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ أَنْ يَتَسَحَّرَ[3].
Hadith.1943 - Bakr ibn Muhammad al-Azdi narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): "My father asked him while I was listening about the extent of illness that permits a person to leave fasting. Imam (as) said: 'When they are unable to take suhoor (the pre-dawn meal).'"
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ وَ الَّذِي بِهِ الْعُطَاشُ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ يُفْطِرَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ يَتَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِمَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرَا فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِمَا[1].
"I heard Abu Ja'far (as) say: 'An elderly person and one suffering from chronic thirst are not at fault if they break their fast during the Month of Ramadan. Each of them should give a mudd (a specific measure) of food as charity for each day, and there is no obligation to make up the fast. If they cannot afford this,
يَشْرَبُ بِقَدْرِ مَا يُمْسِكُ رَمَقَهُ وَ لَا يَشْرَبُ حَتَّى يَرْوَى[2].
Hadith.1948 - Ammar ibn Musa narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who becomes so thirsty that he fears for his life. Imam (as) said: "He may drink just enough to sustain himself and prevent collapse, but he should not drink until he is fully satisfied."
وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ بُكَيْرٍ أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ
Hadith.1949 - In the narration of Ibn Bukayr, it is reported that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about the verse of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "And upon those who can fast with difficulty, there is a ransom: the feeding of a poor person" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:184). Imam (as) said: "[This applies] to those
سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ الْحَامِلُ الْمُقْرِبُ وَ الْمُرْضِعُ الْقَلِيلَةُ اللَّبَنِ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ تُفْطِرَا فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِأَنَّهُمَا لَا تُطِيقَانِ الصَّوْمَ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا أَنْ تَتَصَدَّقَ كُلُّ وَاحِدَةٍ مِنْهُمَا فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ تُفْطِرُ فِيهِ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ عَلَيْهِمَا قَضَاءُ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ أَفْطَرَا فِيهِ ثُمَّ تَقْضِيَانِهِ بَعْدُ.
"I heard him say: 'A pregnant woman in her late term and a nursing woman with little milk are not at fault if they break their fast during the Month of Ramadan because they are unable to fast. They must each give a mudd (a specific measure) of food as charity for every day they break their fast, and they must make up e
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص[3] مَنْ فَطَّرَ فِي هَذَا الشَّهْرِ مُؤْمِناً صَائِماً كَانَ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ مَغْفِرَةٌ لِمَا مَضَى مِنْ ذُنُوبِهِ فَقِيلَ لَهُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَيْسَ كُلُّنَا نَقْدِرُ عَلَى أَنْ نُفَطِّرَ صَائِماً فَقَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى كَرِيمٌ يُعْطِي هَذَا الثَّوَابَ مِنْكُمْ مَنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ إِلَّا عَلَى مَذْقَةٍ[4] مِنْ لَبَنٍ يُفَط
Hadith.1956 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever provides iftar to a believing fasting person during this month will have, for that act, the reward of freeing a slave and forgiveness for their past sins from Allah (swt), the Exalted and Glorious." It was said to Him (sw): "O Messenger of Alla
السَّحُورُ بَرَكَةٌ وَ قَالَ ع لَا تَدَعْ أُمَّتِيَ السَّحُورَ وَ لَوْ عَلَى حَشَفَةِ تَمْرٍ[5]
وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص تَعَاوَنُوا بِأَكْلِ السَّحُورِ عَلَى صِيَامِ النَّهَارِ وَ بِالنَّوْمِ عِنْدَ الْقَيْلُولَةِ عَلَى قِيَامِ اللَّيْلِ.
Hadith.1960 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Strengthen yourselves for the fasting of the day by eating suhoor, and for the night prayer by taking a nap during the midday rest (qaylulah)."
وَ سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ الصَّادِقَ ع فَقَالَ: آكُلُ وَ أَنَا أَشُكُّ فِي الْفَجْرِ فَقَالَ كُلْ حَتَّى لَا تَشُكَّ.
Hadith.1962 - A man asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), "I eat while I am unsure if dawn has risen." Imam (as) replied: "Eat until you are no longer in doubt."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص خِيَارُ أُمَّتِيَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا أَفْطَرُوا وَ قَصَّرُوا وَ إِذَا أَحْسَنُوا اسْتَبْشَرُوا وَ إِذَا أَسَاءُوا اسْتَغْفَرُوا وَ شِرَارُ أُمَّتِيَ الَّذِينَ وُلِدُوا فِي النَّعِيمِ وَ غُذُّوا بِهِ يَأْكُلُونَ طَيِّبَ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَلْبَسُونَ لَيِّنَ الثِّيَابِ وَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمُوا لَمْ يَصْدُقُوا.
The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "The best among my nation are those who break their fast and shorten their prayers when traveling, rejoice when they do good, and seek forgiveness when they commit wrongs. The worst among my nation are those who are born into luxury, nurtured in it,
فِي الْمُسَافِرِ يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ وَ هُوَ جُنُبٌ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ[4] يَعْنِي إِذَا كَانَتْ جَنَابَتُهُ مِنِ احْتِلَامٍ.
Hadith.1985 - Yunus ibn Abdul-Rahman narrated from Imam Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) that he said regarding a traveler who reaches his home while in a state of ritual impurity (janabah) before noon and has not yet eaten: "He must complete his fast, and there is no requirement to make it up." The Imam (as) clarifi
فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَقَالَ «مَا عَرَفَ هَذَا حَقَّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ لَهُ فِي اَللَّيْلِ سَبْحاً طَوِيلاً » قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَ يَشْرَبَ وَ يُقَصِّرَ قَالَ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رَخَّصَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ فِي اَلْإِفْطَارِ وَ اَلتَّقْصِيرِ رَحْمَةً وَ تَخْفِيفاً لِمَوْضِعِ اَلتَّعَبِ وَ اَلنَّصَبِ وَ وَعْثِ اَلسَّفَرِ وَ لَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَهُ فِي مُجَ
Hadith.1986 - Abdullah ibn Sinan asked Imam Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who engages with his concubine during the day in the Month of Ramadan while traveling. The Imam (as) responded: "This person has not recognized the sanctity of the Month of Ramadan, for he has a long stretch of permissible time at night." The que
نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَلْتُفْطِرْ وَ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تَرَى الطُّهْرَ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ وَ لَمْ تَطْعَمْ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا فِطْرُهَا مِنَ الدَّمِ[4].
Hadith.1988 - Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): Regarding a woman who begins her day fasting and then menstruates during the day, whether it is midday or evening. Imam (as) said: "Yes, she must break her fast, and if it is before sunset, she should break her fast." As for a woman who becomes pure
فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَمْرَضُ فَيُدْرِكُهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ يَخْرُجُ عَنْهُ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ فَلاَ يَصِحُّ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرُ قَالَ «يَتَصَدَّقُ عَنِ اَلْأَوَّلِ وَ يَصُومُ اَلثَّانِيَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ صَحَّ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَمْ يَصُمْ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرُ صَامَهُمَا جَمِيعاً وَ تَصَدَّقَ عَنِ اَلْأَوَّلِ.
Hadith.1999 - Jameel narrated from Zurara from Abu Ja'far (as) regarding a man who becomes ill and the Month of Ramadan arrives while he is still sick. If he recovers after Month of Ramadan but does not make up the fasts before another Month of Ramadan arrives, what is his duty? Imam (as) replied: "He should give chari
إِنْ كَانَ أَتَى أَهْلَهُ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا يَوْماً مَكَانَ يَوْمٍ وَ إِنْ أَتَى أَهْلَهُ بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ عَلَى عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ صَامَ يَوْماً مَكَانَ يَوْمٍ وَ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ كَفَّارَةً لِمَا صَنَعَ[1]. - وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ إِنْ أَفْطَرَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ فَلَا شَيْءَ عَل
Hadith.2000 - Ibn Mahboub narrated from Al-Harith ibn Muhammad from Buraid Al-Ijli from Abu Ja'far (as) regarding a man who engaged with his wife during a day when he was making up a missed fast from Month of Ramadan. Abu Ja'far (as) said: "If he engaged with her before midday, there is nothing upon him except to fast
كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ الرِّضَا ع أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ قَوْمٍ عِنْدَنَا يُصَلُّونَ وَ لَا يَصُومُونَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ وَ رُبَّمَا احْتَجْتُ إِلَيْهِمْ يَحْصُدُونَ لِي فَإِذَا دَعَوْتُهُمْ لِلْحَصَادِ لَمْ يُجِيبُونِي حَتَّى أُطْعِمَهُمْ وَ هُمْ يَجِدُونَ مَنْ يُطْعِمُهُمْ فَيَذْهَبُونَ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ يَدَعُونِي وَ أَنَا أَضِيقُ مِنْ إِطْعَامِهِمْ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَكَتَبَ ع بِخَطِّهِ أَعْرِفُهُ أَطْعِمْهُمْ[2]
"I wrote to Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha (as), asking him about a group of people among us who pray but do not fast during the Month of Ramadan. Sometimes I need their help to harvest my crops, but if I call them for the harvest, they do not respond unless I feed them. They also find others who provide them with food, so they
ع إِنِّي لَسْتُ كَأَحَدِكُمْ إِنِّي أَظَلُّ عِنْدَ رَبِّي فَيُطْعِمُنِي وَ يَسْقِينِي.
Hadith.2046 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) prohibited continuous fasting (without breaking the fast at night). However, He (sw) himself practiced it. When He was asked about this, He (sw) said: "I am not like one of you. I remain in the presence of my Lord (azj), and He
الْوِصَالُ الَّذِي نُهِيَ عَنْهُ هُوَ أَنْ يَجْعَلَ الرَّجُلُ عَشَاءَهُ سَحُورَهُ[1]
اطْعَمْ يَوْمَ الْفِطْرِ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُصَلِّيَ وَ لَا تَطْعَمْ[1] يَوْمَ الْأَضْحَى حَتَّى يَنْصَرِفَ الْإِمَامُ[2].
"Eat on the Day of Eid al-Fitr before you pray, but do not eat on the Day of Eid al-Adha until the Imam has completed the prayer and returned."
التَّمْرُ فِي الْفِطْرَةِ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ غَيْرِهِ لِأَنَّهُ أَسْرَعُ مَنْفَعَةً وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ إِذَا وَقَعَ فِي يَدِ صَاحِبِهِ أَكَلَ مِنْهُ قَالَ وَ نَزَلَتِ الزَّكَاةُ وَ لَيْسَ لِلنَّاسِ أَمْوَالٌ وَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ الْفِطْرَةُ[3].
"Dates are preferred for Zakat al-Fitr over other items because they are of quicker benefit. When they reach the hands of the recipient, they can immediately eat from them." Imam (as) added: "Zakat was revealed at a time when people did not have much wealth; thus, Zakat al-Fitr was established."