Leadership & Responsibility

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ يُرَبَّى الصَّبِيُ‌[4] سَبْعاً وَ يُؤَدَّبُ سَبْعاً وَ يُسْتَخْدَمُ سَبْعاً وَ مُنْتَهَى طُولِهِ فِي ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً وَ عَقْلِهِ فِي خَمْسٍ وَ ثَلَاثِينَ سَنَةً وَ مَا كَانَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَبِالتَّجَارِبِ.

Hadith.4746 - The Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "A child should be nurtured for seven years, disciplined for seven years, and then employed (given responsibility) for seven years. His physical growth reaches its peak at twenty-three years, and his intellect matures at thirty-five years. W

وَ سُئِلَ الصَّادِقُ ع- لِمَ أَيْتَمَ اللَّهُ نَبِيَّهُ مُحَمَّداً ص قَالَ لِئَلَّا يَكُونَ لِأَحَدٍ عَلَيْهِ طَاعَةٌ[4].

Hadith.4750 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked: "Why did Allah (swt) make His Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) an orphan?" Imam (as) replied: "So that no one would have authority over him."

قُلْتُ- لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ يَعْرِفُ رَأْيَهُ مَرَّةً وَ يُنْكِرُهُ أُخْرَى يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُ وَلِيِّهِ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ مَا لَهُ هُوَ لَا يُطَلِّقُ قَالَ قُلْتُ لَا يَعْرِفُ حَدَّ الطَّلَاقِ وَ لَا يُؤْمَنُ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ طَلَّقَ الْيَوْمَ أَنْ يَقُولَ غَداً لَمْ أُطَلِّقْ فَقَالَ مَا أَرَاهُ إِلَّا بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْإِمَامِ يَعْنِي الْوَلِيَ‌[1].

I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "A man who sometimes understands his own position and at other times denies it, can his guardian (wali) issue a divorce on his behalf?" Imam (as) said: "What is wrong with him? Can he not divorce himself?" I said: "He does not understand the rules of divorce, and if he divorces today, he mi

هُوَ الْأَبُ أَوِ الْأَخُ أَوِ الرَّجُلُ يُوصَى إِلَيْهِ وَ الَّذِي يَجُوزُ أَمْرُهُ فِي مَالِ الْمَرْأَةِ فَيَبْتَاعُ لَهَا وَ يَتَّجِرُ- فَإِذَا عَفَا فَقَدْ جَازَ[1].

Hadith.4778 - Al-Halabi, Abu Basir, and Sama'ah narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "And if you divorce them before you have touched them and you have already specified a dowry for them, then half of what you have specified must be paid, unless they forgo it or the one in w

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ الْحُبْلَى الْمُطَلَّقَةُ يُنْفَقُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى تَضَعَ حَمْلَهَا وَ هِيَ أَحَقُّ بِوَلَدِهَا أَنْ تُرْضِعَهُ بِمَا تَقْبَلُهُ امْرَأَةٌ أُخْرَى يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- لا تُضَارَّ والِدَةٌ بِوَلَدِها وَ لا مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ بِوَلَدِهِ وَ عَلَى الْوارِثِ مِثْلُ ذلِكَ‌ لَا يُضَارَّ بِالصَّبِيِّ وَ لَا يُضَارَّ بِأُمِّهِ فِي رَضَاعِهِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تَأْخُذَ فِي رَضَاعِهِ فَوْقَ حَوْلَ

I heard Imam (as) say, "A pregnant divorced woman is to be provided for until she delivers her child, and she has more right to nurse her child as long as she accepts compensation similar to what another woman would accept. Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, says: 'No mother should be harmed because of her child, no

الْمُبَارَأَةُ أَنْ تَقُولَ الْمَرْأَةُ لِزَوْجِهَا لَكَ مَا عَلَيْكَ‌[5] وَ اتْرُكْنِي فَتَرَكَهَا إِلَّا أَنَّهُ يَقُولُ لَهَا إِنِ ارْتَجَعْتِ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْهُ فَأَنَا أَمْلَكُ بِبُضْعِكِ. وَ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّهُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مِنْهَا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مَهْرِهَا بَلْ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهَا دُونَ مَهْرِهَا[1] وَ الْمُبَارَأَةُ لَا رَجْعَةَ لِزَوْجِهَا عَلَيْهَا[2].

"Mutual separation (mubara'ah) is when a woman says to her husband, 'You are free from any obligation I have upon you, so leave me,' and he leaves her. However, he should say to her, 'If you reclaim anything from what you have given up, then I have authority over you.'" It is also narrated: "It is not appropriate for h

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- فَابْعَثُوا حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِهِ وَ حَكَماً مِنْ أَهْلِها قَالَ لَيْسَ لِلْحَكَمَيْنِ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْمِرَا الرَّجُلَ وَ الْمَرْأَةَ وَ يَشْتَرِطَانِ عَلَيْهِمَا إِنْ شَاءَا جَمَعَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَا فَرَّقَا فَإِنْ جَمَعَا فَجَائِزٌ وَ إِنْ فَرَّقَا فَجَائِزٌ.

I asked him about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "Appoint an arbitrator from his family and an arbitrator from her family" (Surah An-Nisa 4:35). Imam (as) said: "The two arbitrators do not have the authority to separate the couple until they consult both the husband and the wife and set conditions

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَهْجُرُ امْرَأَتَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ وَ لَا يَمِينٍ سَنَةً فَلَا يَأْتِي فِرَاشَهَا قَالَ لِيَأْتِ أَهْلَهُ وَ قَالَ ع أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا[3] وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ ثُمَّ يُغَايِظَهَا فَإِنَّهُ يُتَرَبَّصُ بِهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who abandons his wife without divorcing her or taking an oath, leaving her for a year without approaching her bed. Imam (as) said: "He must return to his wife." Imam (as) also said: "Any man who swears an oath (ilaʾ) against his wife-ilaʾ being when he says, 'By Allah (swt), I will

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً قَالَ إِذَا هُوَ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَدْ بَطَلَ الظِّهَارُ وَ هَدَمَ الطَّلَاقُ الظِّهَارَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ فَإِنْ رَاجَعَهَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا[2] قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى يَحِلَّ أَجَلُهَا وَ تَمْلِكَ نَفْس

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who declared ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) against his wife and then divorced her with one divorce. Imam (as) said: "If he divorces her with one divorce, the ẓihar becomes nullified, and the divorce cancels the ẓihar." I asked: "Can he take he

طَلَاقُ الْعَبْدِ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً حُرَّةً أَوْ تَزَوَّجَ وَلِيدَةَ قَوْمٍ آخَرِينَ إِلَى الْعَبْدِ وَ إِنْ تَزَوَّجَ وَلِيدَةَ مَوْلَاهُ كَانَ لَهُ أَنْ يُفَرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَوْ يَجْمَعَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِنْ شَاءَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ نَزَعَهَا مِنْهُ بِغَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ.

"The divorce of a slave who marries a free woman or marries a bondwoman belonging to another people is in the hands of the slave himself. However, if he marries a bondwoman owned by his master, the master has the authority to either separate them or keep them together if he wishes. Additionally, if he wants, he can tak

فَإِنَّ السَّيِّدَ كَانَ زَوَّجَهُ بِيَدِ مَنِ الطَّلَاقُ قَالَ بِيَدِ السَّيِّدِ- ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا عَبْداً مَمْلُوكاً لا يَقْدِرُ عَلى‌ شَيْ‌ءٍ وَ الشَّيْ‌ءُ الطَّلَاقُ‌[2].

Hadith.4860 - Ibn Udhaynah narrated from Zurarah, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), who both said: "A slave cannot validly perform a divorce or marriage except with the permission of his master." I asked: "If the master himself arranged his marri

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَفْقُودِ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ امْرَأَتُهُ قَالَ مَا سَكَتَتْ عَنْهُ وَ صَبَرَتْ يُخَلَّى عَنْهَا وَ إِنْ هِيَ رَفَعَتْ أَمْرَهَا إِلَى الْوَالِي أَجَّلَهَا أَرْبَعَ سِنِينَ ثُمَّ يَكْتُبُ إِلَى الصُّقْعِ الَّذِي فُقِدَ فِيهِ‌[1] فَيُسْأَلُ عَنْهُ فَإِنْ خُبِّرَ عَنْهُ بِحَيَاةٍ صَبَرَتْ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُخْبَرْ عَنْهُ بِحَيَاةٍ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ الْأَرْبَعُ سِنِينَ- دُعِيَ وَلِيُّ الزَّ

Hadith.4883 - In a narration from Umar ibn Udhayna through Buraid ibn Mu'awiyah, it is reported that he asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the ruling concerning the wife of a missing person. Imam (as) replied: "As long as she remains silent about him and is patient, she should be left as she is. However, if she raises the m

فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى‌ أَنَّهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلزَّوْجِ وَلِيٌّ طَلَّقَهَا الْوَالِي وَ يُشْهِدُ شَاهِدَيْنِ عَدْلَيْنِ فَيَكُونُ طَلَاقُ الْوَالِي طَلَاقَ الزَّوْجِ وَ تَعْتَدُّ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشْراً ثُمَّ تَتَزَوَّجُ إِنْ شَاءَتْ‌[4].

Hadith.4884 - In another narration, it is reported: "If the missing husband has no guardian, the ruler will pronounce the divorce on his behalf, witnessing it with two just witnesses. This divorce by the ruler will be considered as the husband's divorce. The woman will then observe a waiting period (iddah) of four mont

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ حَرَامٌ فَقَالَ لَوْ كَانَ لِي عَلَيْهِ سُلْطَانٌ لَأَوْجَعْتُ رَأْسَهُ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَحَلَّهَا لَكَ فَمَنْ حَرَّمَهَا عَلَيْكَ إِنَّهُ لَمْ يَزِدْ عَلَى أَنْ كَذَبَ فَزَعَمَ أَنَّ مَا أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ لَهُ حَرَامٌ وَ لَا يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ طَلَاقٌ وَ لَا كَفَّارَةٌ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَقَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ لِمَ تُح

I asked Imam (as) about a man who said to his wife: "You are forbidden to me." Imam (as) replied: "If I had authority over him, I would have struck his head and said to him, 'Allah (swt) the Exalted has made her lawful for you, so who has made her forbidden for you?' He has done nothing more than lie, claiming that wha

وَ شَكَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع نِسَاءَهُ فَقَامَ ع خَطِيباً فَقَالَ يَا مَعَاشِرَ النَّاسِ لَا تُطِيعُوا النِّسَاءَ عَلَى حَالٍ وَ لَا تَأْمَنُوهُنَّ عَلَى مَالٍ وَ لَا تَذَرُوهُنَّ يُدَبِّرْنَ أَمْرَ الْعِيَالِ فَإِنَّهُنَّ إِنْ تُرِكْنَ وَ مَا أَرَدْنَ أَوْرَدْنَ الْمَهَالِكَ وَ عَدَوْنَ أَمْرَ الْمَالِكِ‌[2] فَإِنَّا وَجَدْنَاهُنَّ لَا وَرَعَ لَهُنَّ عِنْدَ حَاجَتِهِنَّ وَ لَا صَبْرَ لَهُن

Hadith.4900 - A man from the companions of Commander of the Faithful (as) complained about his wife. Commander of the Faithful (as) stood up to deliver a sermon and said: "O people! Do not obey women in every matter and do not entrust them with wealth. Do not leave them to manage household affairs, for if they are left

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ لِابْنِهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْحَنَفِيَّةِ يَا بُنَيَّ إِذَا قَوِيتَ فَاقْوَ عَلَى طَاعَةِ اللَّهِ وَ إِذَا ضَعُفْتَ فَاضْعُفْ عَنْ مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ إِنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ أَنْ لَا تُمَلِّكَ الْمَرْأَةَ مِنْ أَمْرِهَا مَا جَاوَزَ نَفْسَهَا فَافْعَلْ فَإِنَّهُ أَدْوَمُ لِجَمَالِهَا وَ أَرْخَى لِبَالِهَا وَ أَحْسَنُ لِحَالِهَا فَإِنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ رَيْحَانَةٌ وَ

Hadith.4911 - Commander of the Faithful (as) said in his will to his son Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah: "O my son, when you are strong, be strong in obedience to Allah (swt), and when you are weak, be weak in disobedience to Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic. And if you can avoid giving a woman authority over anything

حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْمِصْرِيُ‌[1] عَنْ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ بْنِ زُرَارَةَ أَوْ عَنْ بُرَيْدٍ الْعِجْلِيِّ الشَّكُّ مِنْ مُحَمَّدٍ قَالَ: قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَبْدٌ زَنَى فَقَالَ‌[2] يُجْلَدُ نِصْفَ الْحَدِّ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ عَادَ قَالَ فَيُضْرَبُ مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ عَادَ قَالَ لَا يُزَادُ عَلَى نِصْفِ الْحَدِّ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَهَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ الرّ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a slave who commits adultery. Imam (as) said: "He is to be lashed half the prescribed punishment." I asked: "What if he does it again?" Imam (as) replied: "He is to be lashed the same amount." I asked: "What if he repeats it again?" Imam (as) said: "He is not to be given more than half t

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنْ زَنَتْ جَارِيَةٌ لِي أَحُدُّهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لْيَكُنْ ذَلِكَ فِي سِرٍّ فَإِنِّي أَخَافُ عَلَيْكَ السُّلْطَانَ‌[3].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), "If my bondwoman commits adultery, should I administer the prescribed punishment on her?" Imam (as) replied: "Yes, but let it be done in secrecy, for I fear the ruler's authority upon you."

وَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَأَقَرَّ بِالسَّرِقَةِ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أَ تَقْرَأُ شَيْئاً مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَالَ نَعَمْ سُورَةَ الْبَقَرَةِ فَقَالَ قَدْ وَهَبْتُ يَدَكَ لِسُورَةِ الْبَقَرَةِ فَقَالَ الْأَشْعَثُ أَ تُعَطِّلُ حَدّاً مِنْ حُدُودِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى فَقَالَ وَ مَا يُدْرِيكَ مَا هَذَا إِذَا قَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ فَلَيْسَ لِلْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَعْفُوَ وَ إ

Hadith.5106 - A man came to Commander of the Faithful (as) and confessed to theft. Commander of the Faithful (as) asked him: "Do you recite anything from the Book of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic?" The man replied: "Yes, Surah Al-Baqarah." Imam (as) said: "I have pardoned your hand for the sake of Surah Al-Baqar

سَأَلْتُ‌

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), "Who is responsible for carrying out the legal punishments (hudud) -the ruler or the judge?" Imam (as) replied: "The implementation of the legal punishments belongs to the one who holds the authority of judgment."

لَا يَحِلُّ لِوَالٍ يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَ الْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ أَنْ يَجْلِدَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ عَشَرَةِ أَسْوَاطٍ إِلَّا فِي حَدٍّ[4]. وَ أُذِنَ فِي أَدَبِ الْمَمْلُوكِ مِنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ إِلَى خَمْسَةٍ[5] وَ مَنْ ضَرَبَ مَمْلُوكَهُ حَدّاً لَمْ يَجِبْ عَلَيْهِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كَفَّارَةٌ إِلَّا عِتْقُهُ[6]

حَدَّثَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ الرَّوَّاسِيُّ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ الطَّبِيبِ‌[4] قَالَ: عَرَضْتُ هَذِهِ الرِّوَايَةَ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ حَقٌّ وَ قَدْ كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَأْمُرُ عُمَّالَهُ بِذَلِكَ- قَالَ أَفْتَى ع فِي كُلِّ عَظْمٍ لَهُ مُخٌّ فَرِيضَةً مُسَمَّاةً إِذَا كُسِرَ فَجُبِرَ عَلَى غَيْرِ عَثْمٍ‌[1] وَ لَا عَيْبٍ جَعَلَ فَرِيضَةَ الدِّيَةِ سِتَّةَ أَجْزَاءٍ[2] وَ جَعَل

I presented this narration to Abu Abdullah (as), and Imam(as) said: "Yes, it is true. Indeed, the Commander of the Faithful (as) used to instruct his officials with this." He said: "Imam (as) gave a ruling that for every bone that contains marrow, there is a specified obligatory compensation if it is broken and healed

كَانَ صِبْيَانٌ فِي زَمَنِ أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَلْعَبُونَ بِأَخْطَارٍ لَهُمْ‌[5] فَرَمَى أَحَدُهُمْ‌ بِخَطَرِهِ فَدَقَّ رَبَاعِيَةَ صَاحِبِهِ فَرُفِعَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى أَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَأَقَامَ الرَّامِي الْبَيِّنَةَ بِأَنَّهُ قَدْ قَالَ حَذَارِ فَدَرَأَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنْهُ الْقِصَاصَ ثُمَّ قَالَ قَدْ أَعْذَرَ مَنْ حَذَّرَ.

"During the time of the Commander of the Faithful (as), some children were playing with their arrows. One of them shot his arrow and broke his companion's front tooth. The matter was brought to the Commander of the Faithful (as). The shooter presented evidence that he had warned by saying, 'Be careful!' So, the Command

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا مُسْلِماً عَمْداً فَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَقْتُولِ أَوْلِيَاءُ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ إِلَّا أَوْلِيَاءُ مِنْ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مِنْ قَرَابَتِهِ فَقَالَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَعْرِضَ عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ الْإِسْلَامَ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ وَلِيُّهُ يُدْفَعُ الْقَاتِلُ إِلَيْهِ فَإِنْ شَاءَ قَتَلَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ عَفَا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ ا

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who intentionally killed a Muslim man, but the murdered man had no heirs among the Muslims, only relatives from the People of the Book (Ahl Al-Dhimmah) from his family. Imam (as) said: "It is upon the Imam to offer Islam to his non-Muslim relatives. Whoever among them accepts Islam

الدِّيَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي وَقَعَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ فَقَتَلَهُ لِأَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ قَالَ وَ يَرْجِعُ الْمَدْفُوعُ بِالدِّيَةِ عَلَى الَّذِي دَفَعَهُ قَالَ وَ إِنْ أَصَابَ الْمَدْفُوعَ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَهُوَ عَلَى الدَّافِعِ أَيْضاً.

Hadith.5205 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who pushed another man onto someone else, causing that person's death. Imam (as) said: "The blood money (diyyah) is upon the one who fell onto the man and killed him, and it must be paid to the heirs of t

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا عَمْداً فَرُفِعَ إِلَى الْوَالِي فَدَفَعَهُ الْوَالِي إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ لِيَقْتُلُوهُ فَوَثَبَ عَلَيْهِمْ قَوْمٌ فَخَلَّصُوا الْقَاتِلَ مِنْ أَيْدِي الْأَوْلِيَاءِ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ يُحْبَسَ الَّذِينَ خَلَّصُوا الْقَاتِلَ مِنْ أَيْدِي الْأَوْلِيَاءِ أَبَداً حَتَّى يَأْتُوا بِالْقَاتِلِ قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ مَاتَ الْقَاتِلُ وَ هُمْ فِي السِّجْنِ فَقَالَ إِنْ مَاتَ فَعَل

I asked Imam (as) about a man who intentionally killed another man. The matter was presented to the governor, and the governor handed the killer over to the heirs of the murdered person to execute him. However, a group of people attacked and rescued the killer from the heirs. Imam (as) said: "I believe that those who r

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع عَشَرَةٌ قَتَلُوا رَجُلًا قَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَوْلِيَاؤُهُ قَتَلُوهُمْ جَمِيعاً وَ غَرِمُوا تِسْعَ دِيَاتٍ وَ إِنْ شَاءُوا أَنْ يَتَخَيَّرُوا رَجُلًا فَيَقْتُلُوهُ قَتَلُوهُ وَ أَدَّى التِّسْعَةُ الْبَاقُونَ إِلَى أَهْلِ الْمَقْتُولِ الْأَخِيرِ عُشْرَ الدِّيَةِ كُلُّ رَجُلٍ مِنْهُمْ قَالَ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْوَالِيَ يَلِي أَدَبَهُمْ وَ حَبْسَهُمْ.

I asked Abu Jafar (as) about ten men who killed a man. Imam (as) said: "If the heirs of the murdered person wish, they may kill all of them and pay nine blood monies (diyyat). But if they prefer to choose one of them to execute, they may do so, and the remaining nine must each pay one-tenth of the blood money to the he

وَ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع‌[4] فِي امْرَأَةٍ قَتَلَتْ زَوْجَهَا مُتَعَمِّدَةً فَقَالَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَهْلُهُ أَنْ يَقْتُلُوهَا قَتَلُوهَا وَ لَيْسَ يَجْنِي أَحَدٌ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ جِنَايَتِهِ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ.

Hadith.5242 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said regarding a woman who intentionally killed her husband: "If his family wishes to kill her, they may do so. No one bears responsibility for more than the crime they have committed against themselves."

هُوَ بَيْنَهُمَا إِنْ كَانَتْ جِنَايَتُهُ تُحِيطُ بِقِيمَتِهِ قِيلَ لَهُ فَإِنْ جَرَحَ رَجُلًا فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ وَ جَرَحَ آخَرَ فِي آخِرِ النَّهَارِ قَالَ هُوَ بَيْنَهُمَا مَا لَمْ يَحْكُمِ الْوَالِي فِي الْمَجْرُوحِ الْأَوَّلِ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْوَالِي قَدْ حَكَمَ فِي الْمَجْرُوحِ الْأَوَّلِ فَدَفَعَهُ إِلَيْهِ بِجِنَايَتِهِ فَجَنَى بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ جِنَايَةً فَإِنَّ جِنَايَتَهُ عَلَى الْأَخِيرِ.

Hadith.5267 - Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) was asked about a slave who injured two men. Imam (as) said: "He is to be divided between them if his crime equals his full value." It was asked: "What if he injured one man in the morning and another in the evening?" Imam (as) replied: "He is to be divided be

أُتِيَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع بِرَجُلٍ قَدْ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا خَطَأً فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع مَنْ عَشِيرَتُكَ وَ قَرَابَتُكَ فَقَالَ مَا لِي بِهَذِهِ الْبَلْدَةِ قَرَابَةٌ وَ لَا عَشِيرَةٌ فَقَالَ مِنْ أَهْلِ أَيِّ الْبُلْدَانِ أَنْتَ فَقَالَ أَنَا رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَوْصِلِ وُلِدْتُ بِهَا وَ لِي فِيهَا قَرَابَةٌ وَ أَهْلُ بَيْتٍ فَسَأَلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يَجِدْ لَهُ بِالْكُوفَةِ قَرَابَةً وَ لَا

A man who had killed another man by mistake was brought to Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). Imam Ali (as) asked him: "Who are your relatives and kin?" The man replied: "I have no relatives or kin in this town." Imam Ali (as) then asked: "From which town are you?" The man said: "I am a man from Mos

لَيْسَ بَيْنَ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ مُعَاقَلَةٌ فِيمَا يَجْنُونَ مِنْ قَتْلٍ أَوْ جِرَاحَةٍ إِنَّمَا يُؤْخَذُ ذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمْ مَالٌ رَجَعَتِ الْجِنَايَةُ عَلَى إِمَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ لِأَنَّهُمْ يُؤَدُّونَ إِلَيْهِ الْجِزْيَةَ كَمَا يُؤَدِّي الْعَبْدُ الضَّرِيبَةَ إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ قَالَ وَ هُمْ مَمَالِيكُ لِلْإِمَامِ فَمَنْ أَسْلَمَ مِنْهُمْ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ[2].

Hadith.5309 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Walad, from Abu Abdullah (as) said: "There is no mutual liability among the People of the Covenant (Ahl Al-Dhimma) regarding crimes they commit, whether it be murder or bodily injury. Such compensation is taken from their wealth. If they have no wealth, the responsibi

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَجْعَلُ جِنَايَةَ الْمَعْتُوهِ‌[3] عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ خَطَأً أَوْ عَمْداً.

Hadith.5310 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "Commander of the Faithful (as) would assign the liability for the offense committed by a mentally impaired person (ma'tooh) to his family (Aqilah), whether it was accidental or

وَ قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ لَا تَعْقِلُ الْعَاقِلَةُ[4] إِلَّا مَا قَامَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ وَ أَتَاهُ رَجُلٌ فَاعْتَرَفَ عِنْدَهُ فَجَعَلَهُ فِي مَالِهِ خَاصَّةً وَ لَمْ يَجْعَلْ عَلَى عَاقِلَتِهِ مِنْهُ شَيْئاً.

Hadith.5311 - Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "The Aqilah (the male relatives responsible for blood money) is only liable for what has been established by evidence. If a man came to him and confessed (to a crime), he made its compensation from his own wealth specifically and did not place any responsibility on his

لَا تَضْمَنُ الْعَاقِلَةُ عَمْداً وَ لَا إِقْرَاراً وَ لَا صُلْحاً[1].

"The Aqilah (male relatives responsible for blood money) is not liable for intentional acts, nor for confessions, nor for settlements."

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ضَرَبَ رَأْسَ رَجُلٍ بِمِعْوَلٍ فَسَالَتْ عَيْنَاهُ عَلَى خَدَّيْهِ فَوَثَبَ الْمَضْرُوبُ عَلَى ضَارِبِهِ فَقَتَلَهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع هَذَانِ مُعْتَدِيَانِ جَمِيعاً فَلَا أَرَى عَلَى الَّذِي قَتَلَ الرَّجُلَ قَوَداً لِأَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ حِينَ قَتَلَهُ وَ هُوَ أَعْمَى وَ الْأَعْمَى جِنَايَتُهُ خَطَأٌ تُلْزَمُ عَاقِلَتُهُ يُؤْخَذُونَ بِهَا فِي ثَلَاثِ سِنِينَ فِي

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who struck another man's head with a pickaxe, causing his eyes to fall onto his cheeks. The injured man then attacked his assailant and killed him. Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Both of them were aggressors. Therefore, I do not see that the one who killed the man should face retaliation

عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ "عَلَيْهِمُ اَلدِّيَةُ عَلَى اَلْحُرِّ رُبُعُ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ عَلَى اَلْحُرَّةِ رُبُعُ اَلدِّيَةِ وَ عَلَى اَلْمَمْلُوكِ أَنْ يُخَيَّرَ مَوْلاَهُ فَإِنْ شَاءَ أَدَّى عَنْهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ دَفَعَهُ بِرُمَّتِهِ وَ لاَ يَغْرَمُ أَهْلُهُ شَيْئاً وَ عَلَى اَلْمُكَاتَبِ فِي مَالِهِ نِصْفُ اَلرُّبُعِ وَ عَلَى اَلَّذِينَ كَاتَبُوهُ نِصْفُ اَلرُّبُعِ فَذَلِكَ اَلرُّبُعُ لِأَنَّهُ قَدْ عَتَقَ نِصْفُهُ".

Hadith.5338 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about four individuals who killed a man: one was a slave, one was a free man, one was a free woman, and one was a mukatab (a slave who had entered into a contract for his freedom and had paid half of it). Imam (as) said: "The compensation (diyyah) is to be d

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ سَارِقٍ دَخَلَ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ لِيَسْرِقَ مَتَاعَهَا فَلَمَّا جَمَعَ الثِّيَابَ تَبِعَتْهَا نَفْسُهُ فَوَاقَعَهَا فَتَحَرَّكَ ابْنُهَا فَقَامَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَتَلَهُ بِفَأْسٍ كَانَ مَعَهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ حَمَلَ الثِّيَابَ وَ ذَهَبَ لِيَخْرُجَ حَمَلَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِالْفَأْسِ فَقَتَلَتْهُ فَجَاءَ أَهْلُهُ يَطْلُبُونَ بِدَمِهِ مِنَ الْغَدِ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَضْمَنُ مَوَالِيهِ الَّذِينَ طَ

I asked Imam (as) about a thief who entered upon a woman to steal her belongings. After gathering the clothes, his desires overcame him, and he violated her. When her son stirred, the thief struck him with an axe he had with him and killed him. After finishing, the thief carried the clothes and was about to leave when

سَأَلَنِي دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍ‌[1] عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ يَأْتِي بَيْتَ رَجُلٍ فَنَهَاهُ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ بَيْتَهُ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَفْعَلَ فَذَهَبَ إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ فَقَالَ السُّلْطَانُ إِنْ فَعَلَ فَاقْتُلْهُ قَالَ فَقَتَلَهُ فَمَا تَرَى فِيهِ فَقُلْتُ أَرَى أَنْ لَا يَقْتُلَهُ إِنَّهُ إِنِ اسْتَقَامَ هَذَا ثُمَّ شَاءَ أَنْ يَقُولَ كُلُّ إِنْسَانٍ لِعَدُوِّهِ دَخَلَ بَيْتِي فَقَتَلْتُهُ‌[2].

Hadith.5395 - Al-Husayn ibn Said narrated from Fadalah from Dawud ibn Farqad from Abu Abdullah (as), that Imam (as) recounted: "Dawud ibn Ali asked me about a man who used to visit another man's house, and the owner forbade him from coming to his house, but he refused to stop. So the owner went to the ruler, and the ru

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً وَصِيِّي وَ خَلِيفَتِي وَ زَوْجَتَهُ فَاطِمَةَ سَيِّدَةَ نِسَاءِ الْعَالَمِينَ ابْنَتِي وَ الْحَسَنَ وَ الْحُسَيْنَ سَيِّدَا شَبَابِ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ وَلَدَايَ مَنْ وَالاهُمْ فَقَدْ وَالانِي وَ مَنْ عَادَاهُمْ فَقَدْ عَادَانِي وَ مَنْ نَاوَأَهُمْ فَقَدْ نَاوَأَنِي‌[1] وَ مَنْ جَفَاهُمْ فَقَدْ جَفَانِي وَ مَنْ بَرَّهُمْ فَقَدْ بَرَّنِي وَصَلَ اللَّهُ مَنْ وَصَلَهُمْ وَ قَطَعَ اللَّه

The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Indeed, Ali (as) is my successor and caliph, and his wife (Sayyida) Fatimah (as), my daughter, is the leader of the women of the worlds. Al-Hasan (as) and Al-Hussain (as) are the leaders of the youth of Paradise, and they are my sons. Whoever befriends Them (as) has

وَ قَالَ ع‌ كَفَنُ الْمَرْأَةِ عَلَى زَوْجِهَا إِذَا مَاتَتْ‌[5].

Hadith.5440 - And Imam (as) said: "The shroud of a woman is the responsibility of her husband if she passes away." [CHAPER=CHAPTER 88 - CHAPTER ON A MAN WHO DIES WHILE OWING A DEBT EQUAL TO PRICE OF HIS SHROUD] بَابُ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ بِقَدْرِ ثَمَنِ كَفَنِهِ‌

إِذَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا لَا تُفْسِدُ وَ لَا تُضَيِّعُ فَسَأَلْتُهُ إِنْ كَانَتْ قَدْ تَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَالَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ فَقَدِ انْقَطَعَ مُلْكُ الْوَصِيِّ عَنْهَا[3].

I asked Imam (as) about an orphan girl - when should her wealth be handed over to her? Imam (as) said: "When you know that she will neither corrupt it nor waste it." I then asked Imam (as): "What if she has gotten married?" Imam (as) said: "Once she marries, the authority of the guardian over her ends." COMPEV قَالَ مُ

إِذَا رَضِيَ الْغُرَمَاءُ فَقَدْ بَرِئَتْ ذِمَّةُ الْمَيِّتِ‌[1].

Hadith.5530 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who dies while owing a debt, and a guarantor assumes responsibility for it on behalf of the creditors. Imam (as) said: "If the creditors agree, then the deceased is cleared of responsibility."

لَهُ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ فَسَأَلْتُهُ أَنْ يُشْرِكَ مَعِي ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ فَفَعَلَ وَ ذَكَرَ الَّذِي أَوْصَى إِلَيَّ أَنَّ لَهُ قِبَلَ الَّذِي أَشْرَكَهُ فِي الْوَصِيَّةِ خَمْسِينَ وَ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ وَ عِنْدَهُ رَهْنٌ بِهَا جَامٌ مِنْ فِضَّةٍ فَلَمَّا هَلَكَ الرَّجُلُ أَنْشَأَ الْوَصِيُّ يَدَّعِي أَنَّ لَهُ قِبَلَهُ أَكْرَارَ حِنْطَةٍ قَالَ إِنْ أَقَامَ الْبَيِّنَةَ وَ إِلَّا فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ لَهُ قَالَ ق

I said to Imam (as): "A man appointed me as his executor, and I asked him to appoint a relative of his to share the responsibility with me, and he agreed. The one who appointed me mentioned that the co-executor owed him one hundred and fifty dirhams and that he had a silver cup as collateral for this debt. When the man

هُوَ شَيْ‌ءٌ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِصَاحِبِ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ[3] قُلْتُ فَهَلْ لِذَلِكَ حَدٌّ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا هُوَ قَالَ أَدْنَى مَا يَكُونُ ثُلُثُ الثُّلُثِ.

Hadith.5562 - Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya narrated from Muhammad ibn Isa from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Ammar ibn Marwan from Sama'ah ibn Mehran from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious: "The will is for the parents and close relatives in a fair manner; it is an obligation u

حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ‌

My father narrated to me from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, who said: Al-Zuhri narrated from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utbah, who said: I sat with Ibn Abbas, and the topic of inheritance shares was brought up. Ibn Abbas said: "Glory be to Allah (swt) the Almighty! Do you think that the One who has counted the grains of the san

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع هُوَ لِأَقْرَبِ النَّاسِ إِلَى أَبِيهِ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a disowned son (makhlooh) whose father publicly renounces him before the authorities and disclaims both his inheritance and responsibility for his actions. I asked: "Who inherits from him (the father)?" Imam (as) replied: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled: 'His inheritance goes to the closest r

وَ كَتَبَ الرِّضَا ع إِلَى مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ فِيمَا كَتَبَ مِنْ جَوَابِ مَسَائِلِهِ‌ عِلَّةُ إِعْطَاءِ النِّسَاءِ نِصْفَ مَا يُعْطَى الرِّجَالَ مِنَ الْمِيرَاثِ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ إِذَا تَزَوَّجَتْ أَخَذَتْ وَ الرَّجُلُ يُعْطِي فَلِذَلِكَ وُفِّرَ عَلَى الرِّجَالِ. وَ عِلَّةٌ أُخْرَى فِي إِعْطَاءِ الذَّكَرِ مِثْلَيْ مَا تُعْطَى الْأُنْثَى لِأَنَّ الْأُنْثَى فِي عِيَالِ الذَّكَرِ إِنِ احْتَاجَتْ وَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ

Hadith.5755 - Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) wrote to Muhammad ibn Sinan in response to his questions: "The reason women are given half of what men receive from inheritance is because when a woman marries, she receives, whereas a man gives. Therefore, more has been allocated to men." Imam (as) continued: "Another reas

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ‌ أَنَا أَوْلَى بِكُلِّ مُؤْمِنٍ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ مَالًا فَلِلْوَارِثِ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ دَيْناً أَوْ ضَيَاعاً فَإِلَيَّ وَ عَلَيَ‌[3].

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) narrated that the Prophet of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) used to say: "I have a greater claim over every believer than his own self. Whoever leaves behind wealth, it is for his heirs, and whoever leaves behind debt or dependents in need, then it is upon me and

سَيِّدُ الْقَوْمِ خَادِمُهُمْ‌[5].

Hadith.5791 - The Prophet (sw) said; "The leader of a people should serve (the people)."

وَ قَالَ ع‌ خَمْسٌ هُنَّ كَمَا أَقُولُ لَيْسَتْ لِبَخِيلٍ رَاحَةٌ وَ لَا لِحَسُودٍ لَذَّةٌ وَ لَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ وَفَاءٌ[3] وَ لَا لِكَذُوبٍ مُرُوءَةٌ وَ لَا يَسُودُ سَفِيهٌ‌[4].

Hadith.5838 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Five things are exactly as I say: A miser will never find comfort, A jealous person will never experience pleasure, A slave will not have loyalty, A liar will have no honor, And a foolish person will never attain leadership."