Leadership & Responsibility

ذَاكَ سُحْتٌ‌[2].

Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a judge between two villages who takes a salary from the ruler for judging. Imam (as) said: "That is unlawful (suht)."

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ يَدُ اللَّهِ فَوْقَ رَأْسِ‌ الْحَاكِمِ تُرَفْرِفُ بِالرَّحْمَةِ- فَإِذَا حَافَ فِي الْحُكْمِ وَكَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى نَفْسِهِ‌[1].

Hadith.3228 - Al-Sakuni narrated with his chain of transmission that Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "The hand of Allah (swt) hovers with mercy above the head of the judge. But if he deviates in judgment, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, leaves him to himself."

إِذَا كَانَ الْحَاكِمُ يَقُولُ لِمَنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَ لِمَنْ عَنْ يَسَارِهِ مَا تَقُولُ مَا تَرَى فَعَلَى ذَلِكَ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ وَ الْمَلائِكَةِ وَ النَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ* أَلَّا يَقُومُ[3] مِنْ مَجْلِسِهِ وَ يُجْلِسُهُمَا مَكَانَهُ[4]

"إِذَا تَقَدَّمْتَ مَعَ خَصْمٍ إِلَى وَالٍ أَوْ إِلَى قَاضٍ فَكُنْ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ".

"If you appear with an opponent before a governor or a judge, stand to his right."

خَمْسَةُ أَشْيَاءَ يَجِبُ عَلَى النَّاسِ الْأَخْذُ فِيهَا بِظَاهِرِ الْحُكْمِ الْوِلَايَاتُ وَ الْمَنَاكِحُ‌ وَ الذَّبَائِحُ وَ الشَّهَادَاتُ وَ الْأَنْسَابُ فَإِذَا كَانَ ظَاهِرُ الرَّجُلِ ظَاهِراً مَأْمُوناً- جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ وَ لَا يُسْأَلُ عَنْ بَاطِنِهِ‌[1].

Hadith.3244 - In the narration of Yunus ibn Abd al-Rahman, from some of his companions, from Abu Abdillah (as): I asked him about evidence when it is presented to establish a right-whether it is permissible for the judge to rule based on the testimony of the witnesses. Imam (as) said: "There are five matters in which p

قَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌ لَا يَشْفَعَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ فِي حَدٍّ إِذَا بَلَغَ الْإِمَامَ فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَمْلِكُهُ فِيمَا يُشْفَعُ فِيهِ وَ مَا لَمْ يَبْلُغِ الْإِمَامَ فَإِنَّهُ يَمْلِكُهُ فَاشْفَعْ فِيمَا لَمْ يَبْلُغِ الْإِمَامَ إِذَا رَأَيْتَ النَّدَمَ وَ اشْفَعْ فِيمَا لَمْ يَبْلُغِ الْإِمَامَ فِي غَيْرِ الْحَدِّ مَعَ رُجُوعِ الْمَشْفُوعِ لَهُ وَ لَا تَشْفَعْ فِي حَقِّ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَوْ غَيْرِهِ إِلَّا بِ

Hadith.3260 - Al-Sakuni narrated through his chain of transmission that Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "None of you should intercede in the enforcement of a legal punishment (hadd) once it has reached the Imam, for the Imam has no authority to waive it through intercession. However, before it reaches the Imam, it

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌[6] لَا يَنْقَضِي كَلَامُ شَاهِدِ زُورٍ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيِ الْحَاكِمِ‌ حَتَّى يَتَبَوَّأَ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ[1] وَ كَذَلِكَ مَنْ كَتَمَ الشَّهَادَةَ.

Hadith.3337 - The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "The speech of a false witness does not end before the judge without him having taken his seat in the Hellfire, and the same applies to one who conceals testimony."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ وَكَّلَتْ رَجُلًا بِأَنْ يُزَوِّجَهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَقَبِلَ الْوَكَالَةَ فَأَشْهَدَتْ لَهُ بِذَلِكَ فَذَهَبَ الْوَكِيلُ فَزَوَّجَهَا ثُمَّ إِنَّهَا أَنْكَرَتْ ذَلِكَ الْوَكِيلَ وَ زَعَمَتْ أَنَّهَا عَزَلَتْهُ عَنِ الْوَكَالَةِ فَأَقَامَتْ شَاهِدَيْنِ أَنَّهَا عَزَلَتْهُ فَقَالَ مَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ فِي ذَلِكَ قَالَ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ يُنْظَرُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ عَزَلَ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman who appointed a man as her agent to marry her to a man. The agent accepted the agency, and she testified to that in front of witnesses. The agent then proceeded and performed the marriage, but afterward, the woman denied the agent's authority and claimed that she had dismissed hi

اشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ عَزَلْتُ فُلَاناً عَنِ الْوَكَالَةِ- فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الْوَكِيلُ أَمْضَى الْأَمْرَ الَّذِي وُكِّلَ عَلَيْهِ‌[1] قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْزَلَ عَنِ الْوَكَالَةِ فَإِنَّ الْأَمْرَ وَاقِعٌ مَاضٍ عَلَى مَا أَمْضَاهُ الْوَكِيلُ كَرِهَ الْمُوَكِّلُ أَمْ رَضِيَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ الْوَكِيلَ أَمْضَى الْأَمْرَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ بِالْعَزْلِ أَوْ يَبْلُغَهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ عُزِلَ عَنِ الْوَكَالَةِ فَالْأَمْرُ عَلَى م

Hadith.3385 - It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu Abdullah (as): Regarding a man who appointed another as his agent (wakil) for a matter and had two witnesses testify to the appointment, the agent then proceeded to act upon the matter. Meanwhile, the principal declared, "Witness

ع إِنْ كَانَتْ وَكَّلَتْهُ بِقَبْضِ صَدَاقِهَا مِنْ زَوْجِهَا فَلَيْسَ لَهَا أَنْ تُطَالِبَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ وَكَّلَتْهُ فَلَهَا ذَلِكَ وَ يَرْجِعُ الزَّوْجُ عَلَى وَرَثَةِ أَبِيهَا بِذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ حِينَئِذٍ صَبِيَّةً فِي حَجْرِهِ فَيَجُوزُ لِأَبِيهَا أَنْ يَقْبِضَ صَدَاقَهَا عَنْهَا وَ مَتَى طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ الدُّخُولِ بِهَا فَلِأَبِيهَا أَنْ يَعْفُوَ عَنْ بَعْضِ الصَّدَاقِ وَ يَأْخُذَ بَعْضاً[4]

Hadith.3387 - In the book "Nawadir" by Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from multiple narrators among our companions, from Abu Abdullah (as): Concerning a man who collected the dowry of his daughter from her husband and then passed away-can she demand her dowry from her husband, or is her father's collection considered her own

فَإِنِ اشْتَرَى رَجُلٌ جَارِيَةً فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ فَاسْتَحَقَّهَا وَ قَدْ وَلَدَتْ مِنَ الْمُشْتَرِي رَدَّ الْجَارِيَةَ عَلَيْهِ وَ كَانَ لَهُ وَلَدُهَا بِقِيمَتِهِ‌[1].

Hadith.3392 - Al-Hakam ibn Miskin narrated from Mu'awiyah ibn Ammar, who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "If two or three men have intercourse with a bondwoman during the same period of purity, and she gives birth, and all of them claim the child, the ruler should draw lots among them. Whomever the lot falls upon, th

إِنْ جَاءَ بِهِ إِلَى الْأَجَلِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ مَا قَالَ وَ هُوَ كَفِيلٌ بِنَفْسِهِ أَبَداً إِلَّا أَنْ يَبْدَأَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فَإِنْ بَدَأَ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فَهُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ إِنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِ إِلَى الْأَجَلِ الَّذِي أَجَّلَهُ‌[4].

Hadith.3403 - It is narrated from Dawud ibn al-Husayn, from Abu al-Abbas, from Abu Abdullah (as): I asked him about a man who guarantees (takes responsibility for) another man's presence until a specified time, and if he does not bring him, he will owe such-and-such amount of dirhams. Imam (as) said: "If he brings him

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ وَ قَدْ كَانَ مَوْلَاهُ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ ضَرِيبَةً فَرَضَهَا عَلَيْهِ‌[4] فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ وَ رَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ الْمَوْلَى فَأَصَابَ الْمَمْلُوكُ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ مَالًا سِوَى مَا كَانَ يُعْطِي مَوْلَاهُ مِنَ الضَّرِيبَةِ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَدَّى إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ مَا كَانَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ فَمَا اكْتَسَبَ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ فَهُوَ لِلْمَمْلُوكِ قَ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who wanted to free his slave. The master had been taking an annual payment (tribute) from the slave and was satisfied with this arrangement. Meanwhile, the slave earned wealth from trade, in addition to paying the required tribute to his master. Abu Abdullah (as), said: "If the sl

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ كَانَ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَمَاتَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ رَقَبَةً فَانْطَلَقَ ابْنُهُ فَابْتَاعَ رَجُلًا مِنْ كَسْبِهِ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ إِنَّ الْمُعْتَقَ أَصَابَ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ مَالًا ثُمَّ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَهُ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الرَّقَبَةُ الَّتِي كَانَتْ عَلَى أَبِيهِ فِي نَذْرٍ أَوْ شُكْرٍ أَوْ كَانَتْ وَاجِبَةً عَلَيْهِ‌[2] فَإِنَّ ال

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), about a man who was obligated to free a slave but died before doing so. His son then purchased a slave with his own wealth and freed him on behalf of his father. Later, the freed slave acquired wealth and passed away, leaving an inheritance. I asked: "Who inherits

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيمَنْ نَكَّلَ بِمَمْلُوكِهِ أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ سَائِبَةٌ يَذْهَبُ فَيَتَوَلَّى إِلَى مَنْ أَحَبَّ فَإِذَا ضَمِنَ حَدَثَهُ فَهُوَ يَرِثُهُ[2].

رُوِيَ‌ فِي امْرَأَةٍ قَطَعَتْ ثَدْيَ وَلِيدَتِهَا أَنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ لَا سَبِيلَ لِمَوْلَاتِهَا عَلَيْهَا[3].

Hadith.3520 - It is narrated regarding a woman who cut off the breast of her female slave; "She (the slave) is free, and her mistress has no authority over her."

يُرَدُّ عَلَيْهِمْ دُعَاؤُهُمْ‌[1] رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ كَثِيرٌ يَبْلُغُ ثَلَاثِينَ أَلْفاً أَوْ أَرْبَعِينَ أَلْفاً فَأَنْفَقَهُ فِي وُجُوهِهِ فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَ لَمْ أَرْزُقْكَ وَ رَجُلٌ أَمْسَكَ عَنِ الطَّلَبِ‌[2] فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُمَّ ارْزُقْنِي فَيَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى أَ لَمْ أَجْعَلْ لَكَ السَّبِيلَ إِلَى الطَّلَبِ وَ رَجُلٌ كَانَتْ عِنْدَهُ امْرَأَةٌ فَقَالَ اللّ

Hadith.3627 - Al-Walid ibn Sabih narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that he said: "Three people make supplications, but their prayers are not answered"-or he said: "their prayers are returned to them": A man who had a large amount of wealth, reaching thirty thousand or forty thousand, and spent it with

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع يَقُولُ‌ رَجُلٌ يُبَذْرِقُ الْقَوَافِلَ‌[2] مِنْ غَيْرِ أَمْرِ السُّلْطَانِ فِي مَوْضِعٍ مُخِيفٍ وَ يُشَارِطُونَهُ عَلَى شَيْ‌ءٍ مُسَمًّى أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ مِنْهُمْ أَمْ لَا فَوَقَّعَ ع إِذَا آجَرَ نَفْسَهُ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ مَعْرُوفٍ أَخَذَ حَقَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.

Hadith.3653 - Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan bin Ali (as) asking: "A man escorts caravans without the order of the ruler in a fearful place, and they agree with him on a specific payment. Is it permissible for him to take it from them or not?" I

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَرَى فِي الرَّجُلِ يَلِي أَعْمَالَ السُّلْطَانِ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَكْسَبٌ إِلَّا مِنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ وَ أَنَا أَمُرُّ بِهِ وَ أَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ فَيُضِيفُنِي وَ يُحْسِنُ إِلَيَّ وَ رُبَّمَا أَمَرَ لِي بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَ الْكِسْوَةِ وَ قَدْ ضَاقَ صَدْرِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي خُذْ وَ كُلْ مِنْهُ فَلَكَ الْمَهْنَأُ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْوِزْرُ[3].

I said to Abu Abdullah (as), 'What do you think about a man who holds positions in the service of the Sultan and has no means of livelihood except through his work for them? I pass by him, and he hosts me, treats me kindly, and sometimes gives me dirhams and clothing. I feel uneasy about this.' Imam (as) said to me: 'T

قَالَ لِي أَبُو الْحَسَنِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ إِنَّ لِلَّهِ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى مَعَ السُّلْطَانِ أَوْلِيَاءَ يَدْفَعُ بِهِمْ عَنْ أَوْلِيَائِهِ‌[1].

Abu al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) said to me: 'Indeed, Allah (swt), Blessed and Exalted, has allies among the rulers through whom He (swt) repels harm from His (swt) friends.'

كَفَّارَةُ عَمَلِ السُّلْطَانِ قَضَاءُ حَوَائِجِ الْإِخْوَانِ

لَيْسَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا أَمْرٌ فِي عِتْقٍ وَ لَا صَدَقَةٍ وَ لَا تَدْبِيرٍ وَ لَا هِبَةٍ وَ لَا نَذْرٍ[2] فِي مَالِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا إِلَّا فِي زَكَاةٍ أَوْ بِرِّ وَالِدَيْهَا أَوْ صِلَةِ قَرَابَتِهَا.

كَتَبَ يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِلَى الرِّضَا ع‌ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لِي عَلَى رَجُلٍ عَشَرَةُ دَرَاهِمَ وَ إِنَّ السُّلْطَانَ أَسْقَطَ تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَ جَاءَ بِدَرَاهِمَ أَعْلَى مِنْ تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمِ وَ فِي تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمِ الْأُولَى الْيَوْمَ وَضِيعَةٌ فَأَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ لِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّرَاهِمُ الْأُولَى الَّتِي أَسْقَطَهَا السُّلْطَانُ أَوِ الدَّرَاهِمُ الَّتِي أَجَازَهَا السُّلْطَانُ فَكَتَبَ لَكَ ال

Hadith.3716 - Yunus ibn Abdul Rahman wrote to Al-Ridha (as), saying: "I had ten dirhams owed to me by a man, but the ruler invalidated those dirhams and introduced new dirhams that are higher in value than the previous ones. The earlier dirhams are now devalued. What is my right upon him-the original dirhams that the r

"إِنْ حَدَثَ بِالْحَيَوَانِ حَدَثٌ قَبْلَ ثَلاَثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَهُوَ مِنْ مَالِ اَلْبَائِعِ".

"If an animal develops a defect within three days, it is the responsibility of the seller."

إِذَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً وَاحِداً قَدْ أَدْرَكَ فَاشْتَرِهِ وَ تَقَبَّلْ بِهِ.

Hadith.3832 - Aban narrated from Ismail ibn al-Fadl, who reported from Abu Abdillah (as): I asked him about a man who accepts responsibility for the payment of poll tax (jizyah) for individuals, the land tax (kharaj) for palm trees, crops, forests, hunting grounds, fish, and birds, while he does not know whether any of

أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَعْطِنِي رَأْسَ الْمَالِ وَ الرِّبْحُ لَكَ وَ مَا تَوِيَ فَعَلَيَّ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا اشْتَرَطَا[4] وَ إِنْ كَانَ شَرْطاً يُخَالِفُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ رُدَّ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.3848 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding two men who entered into partnership with wealth, made a profit, and the wealth included both debt and cash. One of them said to the other, "Give me the principal amount, and the profit will be yours, and any loss will be my responsibility.

إِنْ كَانَ اشْتَرَطَ حِينَ اشْتَرَاهُ إِنْ شَاءَ قَطَعَهُ قَصِيلًا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ كَمَا هُوَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلًا[2] وَ إِلَّا فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلًا.

Hadith.3862 - Sama'ah asked him about purchasing fodder crops, where a man buys them but does not harvest them, and then decides to leave them until they produce spikes of barley or wheat. He had bought them from their roots, and any tax due on them was the responsibility of the cultivator. Imam (as) said: "If he stipu

"إِنْ كَانَ اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَى اَلْعِلْجِ يَوْمَ اِشْتَرَاهُ أَنَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ جَعَلَهُ سُنْبُلاً وَ إِنْ شَاءَ جَعَلَهُ قَصِيلاً فَلَهُ شَرْطُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اِشْتَرَطَ فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَدَعَهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلاً فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ طَسْقَهُ وَ نَفَقَتَهُ وَ لَهُ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ ".

Hadith.3869 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who purchased fodder crops but did not harvest them and left them until they turned into barley. He had stipulated with the landowner at the time of purchase that any incident or damage would be the responsibility of the landowner. Imam (as) said: "If he stipulated with the l

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أُشَارِكُ الْعِلْجَ الْمُشْرِكَ‌[2] فَيَكُونُ مِنْ عِنْدِي الْأَرْضُ وَ الْبَقَرُ وَ الْبَذْرُ وَ يَكُونُ عَلَى الْعِلْجِ الْقِيَامُ وَ السَّعْيُ وَ الْعَمَلُ فِي الزَّرْعِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ حِنْطَةً أَوْ شَعِيراً وَ تَكُونُ الْقِسْمَةُ فَيَأْخُذُ السُّلْطَانُ حَظَّهُ‌[3] وَ يَبْقَى مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْعِلْجِ مِنْهُ الثُّلُثَ وَ لِيَ الْبَاقِيَ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ ع

I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "I partner with a non-Muslim (al-ilj) in such a way that the land, cattle, and seeds are provided by me, and the non-Muslim is responsible for managing, working, and cultivating the crops until they become wheat or barley. Afterward, harvest is divided, the authorities take their share, and

قَالَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ يَأْتِي أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ وَ قَدِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْهِمُ السُّلْطَانُ فَضَعُفُوا عَنِ الْقِيَامِ بِخَرَاجِهَا وَ الْقَرْيَةُ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ لَا يُدْرَى لَهُمْ هِيَ أَمْ لِغَيْرِهِمْ فِيهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ فَيَدْفَعُونَهَا إِلَيْهِ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ خَرَاجَهَا فَيَأْخُذُهَا مِنْهُمْ وَ يُؤَدِّي خَرَاجَهَا وَ يَفْضُلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْ‌ءٌ كَثِيرٌ فَقَالَ لَا

Hadith.3905 - Abu Al-Rabi' said that Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who comes to the people of a village that has been overburdened by the authorities, making them unable to pay its taxes. The village remains in their possession, but it is unclear whether it fully belongs to them or if others have a share in i

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌[4] عَلَامَةُ رِضَا اللَّهِ فِي خَلْقِهِ عَدْلُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ رُخْصُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ وَ عَلَامَةُ غَضَبِ اللَّهِ عَلَى خَلْقِهِ جَوْرُ سُلْطَانِهِمْ وَ غَلَاءُ أَسْعَارِهِمْ.

Hadith.3974 - The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "The sign of Allah's (swt) pleasure with His (swt) creation is the justice of their ruler and the affordability of their prices, and the sign of Allah's (swt) anger upon His (swt) creation is the oppression of their ruler

كَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى الْفَقِيهِ ع[3] فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَدِيعَةً وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَضَعَهَا فِي مَنْزِلِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ فَوَضَعَهَا الرَّجُلُ فِي مَنْزِلِ جَارِهِ فَضَاعَتْ هَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ أَوْ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ مِلْكِهِ فَوَقَّعَ ع هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ رَهَنَ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ رَهْناً فَضَاعَ الرَّهْنُ قَالَ هُوَ مِنْ مَالِ الرَّاهِنِ وَ يَرْتَجِعُ الْمُرْتَهَنُ عَلَيْهِ بِمَالِهِ.

Hadith.4094 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj, who said that Abu Abdullah (as) was asked about a man who gave collateral (rahn) to another man, but the collateral was lost. Imam (as) said: "It is the responsibility of the pledger (rahin), and the pledgee (murtahin) has the right to claim his money

الْعَبْدُ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ لِلشَّيْطَانِ اخْزَ يَا فَاسِقُ فَلَا سُلْطَانَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِذَا فَرَغُوا فَقَالُوا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ هُمْ قَوْمٌ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فَأَدَّوْا شُكْرَ رَبِّهِمْ فَإِذَا لَمْ يَقُولُوا بِسْمِ اللَّهِ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ لِلشَّيْطَانِ ادْنُ يَا فَاسِقُ فَكُلْ مَعَهُمْ فَإِذَا رُفِعَتْ فَلَمْ يَحْمَدُوا اللَّهَ قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَ

Hadith.4250 - It is narrated by Isma'il ibn Abi Ziyad, from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "When the table (for food) is set, four angels surround it. If the servant says 'In the name of Allah (swt),' the angels

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌[4] لَا يَمِينَ فِي غَضَبٍ وَ لَا فِي قَطِيعَةِ رَحِمٍ وَ لَا فِي جَبْرٍ وَ لَا فِي إِكْرَاهٍ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ فَمَا فَرْقٌ بَيْنَ الْإِكْرَاهِ وَ الْجَبْرِ قَالَ الْجَبْرُ مِنَ السُّلْطَانِ يَكُونُ وَ الْإِكْرَاهُ مِنَ الزَّوْجَةِ وَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ وَ لَيْسَ ذَلِكَ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ.

Hadith.4312 - Abdullah ibn al-Qasim narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "There is no valid oath taken in anger, nor in severing ties of kinship, nor under coercion, nor under compulsion." I asked: "May Allah (swt) keep you well, what is the difference between coercion and compulsion?

كَفَّارَةُ عَمَلِ السُّلْطَانِ قَضَاءُ حَوَائِجِ الْإِخْوَانِ[1]

وَ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ إِنَّ لِي زَوْجَةً إِذَا دَخَلْتُ تَلَقَّتْنِي وَ إِذَا خَرَجْتُ شَيَّعَتْنِي وَ إِذَا رَأَتْنِي مَهْمُوماً قَالَتْ مَا يُهِمُّكَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَهْتَمُّ لِرِزْقِكَ فَقَدْ تَكَفَّلَ لَكَ بِهِ غَيْرُكَ وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ تَهْتَمُّ بِأَمْرِ آخِرَتِكَ فَزَادَكَ اللَّهُ هَمّاً فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ لِلَّهِ عُمَّالًا وَ هَذِهِ مِنْ عُمَّالِهِ لَهَا نِصْفُ أَجْرِ الشَّهِي

Hadith.4369 - A man came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and said: "I have a wife who, when I enter the house, welcomes me, and when I leave, bids me farewell. If she sees me worried, she says, 'What is troubling you? If you are concerned about your sustenance, know that someone else

إِذَا زَوَّجَ الْأَبُ وَ الْجَدُّ كَانَ التَّزْوِيجُ لِلْأَوَّلِ فَإِنْ كَانَا زَوَّجَا فِي حَالٍ وَاحِدَةٍ فَالْجَدُّ أَوْلَى‌[4].

"If the father and the grandfather both arrange the marriage, the marriage arranged by the first one will take precedence. However, if both arranged the marriage simultaneously, then the grandfather has greater authority."

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً وَ لَمْ يُشْهِدْ فَقَالَ أَمَّا فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ لَكِنْ إِنْ أَخَذَهُ سُلْطَانٌ جَائِرٌ عَاقَبَهُ‌[3].

Hadith.4394 - Hanan ibn Sadir narrated from Muslim ibn Bashir, who reported from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as). He said: I asked him about a man who married a woman without witnesses. Imam (as) replied: "As far as what is between him and Allah (swt), the Exalted, there is nothing against him. However,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ الثَّيِّبِ تَخْطُبُ إِلَى نَفْسِهَا قَالَ هِيَ أَمْلَكُ بِنَفْسِهَا تُوَلِّي أَمْرَهَا مَنْ شَاءَتْ إِذَا كَانَ كُفْواً بَعْدَ أَنْ تَكُونَ قَدْ نَكَحَتْ زَوْجاً قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ‌[1].

Hadith.4395 - It is narrated from Abdul Hamid ibn Awad, who reported from Abdul Khaliq, that he said: I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a previously married woman (thayyib) who arranges her own marriage proposal. He replied: "She has full authority over herself. She may entrust her affairs to whomever she wishes, provide

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ مُتِمِّ النِّعَمِ بِرَحْمَتِهِ وَ الْهَادِي إِلَى شُكْرِهِ بِمَنِّهِ وَ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ خَيْرِ خَلْقِهِ الَّذِي جَمَعَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا فَرَّقَهُ فِي الرُّسُلِ قَبْلَهُ‌[3] وَ جَعَلَ تُرَاثَهُ إِلَى مَنْ خَصَّهُ بِخِلَافَتِهِ‌[4] وَ سَلَّمَ تَسْلِيماً وَ هَذَا أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ زَوَّجَنِي ابْنَتَهُ عَلَى مَا فَرَضَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِلْمُسْلِمَاتِ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِي

Hadith.4399 - When Imam Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ali al-Ridha (as) married the daughter of al-Ma'mun, Imam (as) delivered the following sermon for himself: "All praise is due to Allah (swt), the Completer of blessings through His (swt) mercy, and the Guide to gratitude through His (swt) favor. May Allah (swt) send bless

خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ وَ عَلَى الْمَأْمُورِ نِصْفُ الصَّدَاقِ لِأَهْلِ الْمَرْأَةِ وَ لَا عِدَّةَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَا مِيرَاثَ بَيْنَهُمَا[2] فَقَالَ بَعْضُ مَنْ حَضَرَهُ فَإِنْ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ امْرَأَةً وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ أَرْضاً وَ لَا قَبِيلَةً ثُمَّ جَحَدَ الْآمِرُ أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ أَمَرَهُ بِذَلِكَ بَعْدَ مَا زَوَّجَهُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لِلْمَأْمُورِ بَيِّنَةٌ أَنَّهُ كَانَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ بِزَوْجَةٍ

Hadith.4459 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Malik ibn Atiyyah, from Abu Ubaydah, who reported from Abu Abdullah (as): Regarding a man who instructed another man to marry him to a woman from the people of Basra, from the tribe of Banu Tamim, but the intermediary instead married him to a woman from the people of Kufa

خَالَفَتِ السُّنَّةَ وَ وُلِّيَتْ حَقّاً لَيْسَتْ بِأَهْلِهِ فَقَضَى أَنَّ عَلَيْهِ الصَّدَاقَ وَ بِيَدِهِ الْجِمَاعَ وَ الطَّلَاقَ وَ ذَلِكَ السُّنَّةُ[3].

Hadith.4475 - Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Al-Baqir (as): Imam (as) ruled regarding a man who married a woman, and she gave him the dowry herself and stipulated that she would have the authority over intimacy and divorce. Imam (as) said: "She has opposed the Sunnah and has been given a right she is n

لَيْسَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا أَمْرٌ فِي عِتْقٍ وَ لَا صَدَقَةٍ وَ لَا تَدْبِيرٍ وَ لَا هِبَةٍ وَ لَا نَذْرٍ فِي مَالِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ زَوْجِهَا إِلَّا فِي حَجٍّ أَوْ زَكَاةٍ أَوْ بِرِّ وَالِدَيْهَا أَوْ صِلَةِ قَرَابَتِهَا[3].

"A woman has no authority, alongside her husband, to emancipate (a slave), give charity, make a bequest, give a gift, or make a vow concerning her wealth without her husband's permission, except in matters of Hajj, Zakat, honoring her parents, or maintaining ties with her relatives."

تَأْمُرُونَهُنَّ وَ تَنْهَوْنَهُنَّ قِيلَ لَهُ إِنَّا نَأْمُرُهُنَّ وَ نَنْهَاهُنَّ فَلَا يَقْبَلْنَ قَالَ إِذَا أَمَرْتُمُوهُنَّ وَ نَهَيْتُمُوهُنَّ فَقَدْ قَضَيْتُمْ مَا عَلَيْكُمْ‌[1].

Hadith.4533 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: "Protect yourselves and your families from a Fire" (Surah At-Tahrim, 66:6). How do we protect them? Imam (as) said: "You command them and forbid them." It was said to him: "We command them and forbid

رَحِمَ اللَّهُ عَبْداً أَحْسَنَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَ زَوْجَتِهِ-[2] فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ قَدْ مَلَّكَهُ نَاصِيَتَهَا وَ جَعَلَهُ الْقَيِّمَ عَلَيْهَا[3]

قَالَ: وَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ حُرَّةٍ تَزَوَّجَتْ عَبْداً عَلَى أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ ثُمَّ عَلِمَتْ بَعْدُ أَنَّهُ مَمْلُوكٌ قَالَ هِيَ أَمْلَكُ بِنَفْسِهَا إِنْ شَاءَتْ بَعْدَ عِلْمِهَا أَقَرَّتْ بِهِ وَ أَقَامَتْ مَعَهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَتْ لَمْ تُقِمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الْعَبْدُ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا الصَّدَاقُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ دَخَلَ بِهَا فَالنِّكَاحُ بَاطِلٌ فَإِنْ أَقَرَّ

Hadith.4568 - I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a free woman who married a man thinking he was free, but later discovered that he was a slave. Imam (as) said: "She has authority over herself. After learning the truth, if she wishes, she may stay with him and accept him, or if she wishes, she m

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ جَارِيَةٍ بَيْنَ رَجُلَيْنِ دَبَّرَاهَا جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ أَحَلَّ أَحَدُهُمَا فَرْجَهَا لِشَرِيكِهِ قَالَ هِيَ حَلَالٌ لَهُ وَ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَدْ صَارَ نِصْفُهَا حُرّاً مِنْ قِبَلِ الَّذِي مَاتَ وَ نِصْفُهَا مُدَبَّراً قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَرَادَ الْبَاقِي مِنْهُمَا أَنْ يَمَسَّهَا أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَثْبُتَ عِتْقُهَا وَ يَتَزَوَّجَهَا بِرِضاً م

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a bondwoman jointly owned by two men, who both designated her as mudabbar (set to be freed after their death). Then, one of them permitted his partner to have relations with her. Imam (as) said: "She is lawful for him. If either of them dies before the other,

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَزَوَّجَ امْرَأَةً فَلَمْ تَلْبَثْ بَعْدَ مَا أُهْدِيَتْ إِلَيْهِ إِلَّا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ حَتَّى وَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً فَأَنْكَرَ وَلَدَهَا وَ زَعَمَتْ هِيَ أَنَّهَا حَبِلَتْ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ لَا يُقْبَلُ مِنْهَا ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ تَرَافَعَا إِلَى السُّلْطَانِ تَلَاعَنَا[2] وَ فُرِّقَ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ أَبَداً.

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who married a woman, and after being brought to him, she gave birth to a girl in only four months. He denied that the child was his, while she claimed that she had conceived from him. Imam (as) said: "Her claim is not accepted. If they take the matter to the ruler, they must both e

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ أَوْلَادِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ يَمُوتُونَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَبْلُغُوا الْحِنْثَ قَالَ كُفَّارٌ وَ اللَّهُ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا كَانُوا عَامِلِينَ يَدْخُلُونَ مَدَاخِلَ آبَائِهِمْ‌[2].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the children of polytheists who die before reaching the age of responsibility. Imam (as) replied: "They are disbelievers, and Allah (swt) knows best what they would have done. They will enter the same places as their fathers."