Children & Parenting

لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ص‌ أَعْيَانُ بَنِي الْأُمِّ أَحَقُّ بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنْ وُلْدِ الْعَلَّاتِ‌[3]. فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ ابْنِ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ فَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ رَدٌّ عَلَيْهِنَّ لِأَنَّهُنَّ أَقْرَبُ الْأَرْحَامِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ وَ ابْنَ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لِأَنَّهُ أَقْرَبُ بِبَطْ

Hadith.5621 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "The full siblings from the same mother are more entitled to inheritance than the paternal half-siblings." [AL SADUQ] If a person leaves behind full sisters (from the same father and mother), paternal sisters (from the same father only), a

لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ سَهْمٌ‌[3] فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنَّ فَرَائِضَ‌ زَيْدٍ[1] وَ فَرَائِضَ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُونَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ تَعُولُ إِلَى ثَمَانِيَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ لِمَ قَالُوا هَذَا فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلّ

Hadith.5623 - A man came to Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and asked him about a woman who passed away, leaving behind her husband, maternal brothers, and a paternal sister. Imam (as) said: "The husband receives half of the inheritance, which is three shares. The maternal brothers receive two shares, and

وَ رَوَى الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الْأَبِ السُّدُسَ وَ ابْنُهَا حَيٌّ- وَ أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ ابْنَتُهَا حَيَّةٌ[1].

"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) granted the paternal grandmother (the father's mother) one-sixth of the inheritance while her son was alive, and he granted the maternal grandmother (the mother's mother) one-sixth while her daughter was alive."

حَدَّثَنِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ ابْنَتِي مَاتَتْ وَ أُمِّي حَيَّةٌ فَقَالَ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ لَيْسَ لَهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَعْطِهَا سَهْماً يَعْنِي السُّدُسَ‌[2].

Hadith.5627 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti narrated, saying: Hammad ibn Uthman narrated from Abdur Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah Al-Basri from Abu Abdullah (as). He said: I said to him, "My daughter has passed away while my mother is still alive." Aban ibn Taghlib said: "She (the grandmother) has no share." Ima

لِلْجَدِّ السُّدُسُ وَ الْبَاقِي لِبَنَاتِ الِابْنَةِ[3].

I asked Imam (as) about the inheritance share of the daughters of a daughter and a grandfather. Imam (as) replied: "The grandfather receives one-sixth, and the remainder goes to the daughters of the daughter."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ حُكَيْمٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ رِبَاطٍ رَفَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ الْجَدَّةُ لَهَا السُّدُسُ مَعَ ابْنِهَا وَ مَعَ ابْنَتِهَا[3].

Hadith.5631 - In the narration of Muawiyah ibn Hakim from Ali ibn Al-Hasan ibn Ribaṭ, who reported it from Abu Abdullah (as), he said: "The grandmother is entitled to one-sixth of the inheritance, whether along with her son or her daughter."

وَ رَوَى ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يُوَرِّثُ الْأَخَ مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ يُنَزِّلُهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ‌[1].

"Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to make the paternal brother inherit alongside the grandfather, placing him in the same position as the grandfather."

وَ رَوَى ابْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ بُكَيْرٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ الْفُضَيْلِ وَ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع‌ أَنَّ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ مِثْلُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ[2].

"The grandfather, when inheriting alongside the paternal siblings, is considered as one of the brothers."

لَهُ ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a paternal nephew and a grandfather (regarding inheritance). Imam (as) said: "The inheritance is divided equally between them, half and half."

كُنْتُ جَالِساً عِنْدَ سُوَيْدِ بْنِ غَفَلَةَ فَجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَسَأَلَهُ عَنِ ابْنَةٍ وَ امْرَأَةٍ وَ مَوَالٍ فَقَالَ أُخْبِرُكَ فِيهَا بِقَضَاءِ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع جَعَلَ لِلِابْنَةِ النِّصْفَ وَ لِلْمَرْأَةِ الثُّمُنَ وَ رَدَّ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى الِابْنَةِ وَ لَمْ يُعْطِ الْمَوَالِيَ شَيْئاً.

I was sitting with Suwayd ibn Ghafalah when a man came to him and asked about the inheritance of a daughter, a wife, and freed slaves. Suwayd said: "I will inform you of the ruling of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) regarding this matter. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) allocated half of the inheritance to the daughter and one

سَأَلَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع‌- عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ يَسْقُطُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ غَيْرَ مُسْتَهِلٍّ أَ يُوَرَّثُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ تَحَرُّكاً بَيِّناً وُرِّثَ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ‌[2].

Al-Hakam ibn Utaibah asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a child who is born from his mother without letting out a cry - does he inherit? Imam (as) turned away from him. When he repeated the question, Imam (as) said: "If the child moves with clear movement, he inherits, for it is possible that he

فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَفَزِعَتْ حِينَ رَأَتِ الْقِتَالَ وَ الْهَزِيمَةَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ ابْنَهَا مَاتَ قَبْلَهَا قَالَ فَدَعَا زَوْجَهَا أَبَا الْغُلَامِ الْمَيِّتِ فَوَرَّثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِهِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ وَ

'When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) defeated Talhah and Al-Zubayr, the people fled in retreat. As they were fleeing, they passed by a pregnant woman on the roadside. She was frightened by them and miscarried her child, who was born alive but convulsed until he died. The woman herself also passed away shortly after. Imam

"إِذَا كَانَ أَبَوَاهُمَا اَللَّذَانِ زَوَّجَاهُمَا فَنَعَمْ".

He asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a boy being married to a girl - do they inherit from one another? Imam (as) said: "If it was their parents who arranged their marriage, then yes, they do inherit from each other."

نِكَاحُهُ جَائِزٌ عَلَى ابْنِهِ فَإِنْ مَاتَ عُزِلَ مِيرَاثُهَا مِنْهُ حَتَّى‌ تُدْرِكَ فَإِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ حُلِّفَتْ بِاللَّهِ مَا دَعَاهَا إِلَى أَخْذِ الْمِيرَاثِ إِلَّا رِضَاهَا بِالنِّكَاحِ ثُمَّ يُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهَا الْمِيرَاثُ وَ نِصْفُ الْمَهْرِ قَالَ فَإِنْ مَاتَتْ هِيَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تُدْرِكَ وَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ الزَّوْجُ لَمْ يَرِثْهَا الزَّوْجُ لِأَنَّ لَهَا الْخِيَارَ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا أَدْرَكَتْ وَ لَا خِيَار

Hadith.5664 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdul Aziz Al-Abdi, from Ubayd ibn Zurarah, from Abu Abdullah (as), who said regarding a man who marries his son to an orphan girl under his care while his son is of legal age and the orphan girl has not yet reached maturity: "The marriage is valid for his son. However, i

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْغُلَامُ لَهُ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ فَيُزَوِّجُهُ أَبُوهُ فِي صِغَرِهِ أَ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُهُ وَ هُوَ ابْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا التَّزْوِيجُ فَصَحِيحٌ وَ أَمَّا طَلَاقُهُ فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُحْبَسَ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ فَيُعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ طَلَّقَ فَإِنْ أَقَرَّ بِذَلِكَ وَ أَمْضَاهُ فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَ هُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنَ الْخُطَّابِ وَ إِنْ أَنْكَرَ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a boy who is ten years old and his father marries him off while he is still young. Is his divorce valid if he divorces at the age of ten? Imam (as) replied: "As for the marriage, it is valid. However, regarding the divorce, his wife should remain with him until he reaches maturity. Then

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع هُوَ لِأَقْرَبِ النَّاسِ إِلَى أَبِيهِ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a disowned son (makhlooh) whose father publicly renounces him before the authorities and disclaims both his inheritance and responsibility for his actions. I asked: "Who inherits from him (the father)?" Imam (as) replied: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled: 'His inheritance goes to the closest r

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ لَا يُوَرَّثُ الْحَمِيلُ إِلَّا بِبَيِّنَةٍ قَالَ وَ الْحَمِيلُ هُوَ الَّذِي تَأْتِي‌ بِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ حُبْلَى قَدْ سُبِيَتْ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى فَيَعْرِفُهُ بِذَلِكَ بَعْدُ أَبُوهُ أَوْ أَخُوهُ‌[1].

Hadith.5675 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ibn Mihzam, from Talhah ibn Zayd, who said that Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Child in the womb (hamil) will not inherit except with clear evidence." Imam (as) explained: "The hamil is the child carried by a pregnant woman who was captured while pregnant, and later the father

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْحَمِيلِ فَقَالَ وَ أَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ الْحَمِيلُ فَقُلْتُ الْمَرْأَةُ تُسْبَى مِنْ أَرْضِهَا مَعَهَا الْوَلَدُ الصَّغِيرُ فَتَقُولُ هُوَ ابْنِي وَ الرَّجُلُ يُسْبَى فَيَلْقَى أَخَاهُ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ أَخِي لَيْسَ لَهُمَا بَيِّنَةٌ إِلَّا قَوْلُهُمَا قَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ فِيهِ النَّاسُ عِنْدَكُمْ قُلْتُ لَا يُوَرِّثُونَهُ‌[2] إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُمَا عَلَى وِلَادَتِهِ بَيِّنَةٌ إِنَّمَا كَانَ و

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the hamil (the child in the womb). Imam (as) asked: "And what is the hamil?" I said: "A woman is captured from her land along with her young child, and she claims, 'This is my son.' Similarly, a man is captured and meets his brother, claiming, 'This is my brother,' but they have no evide

إِنِّي ابْتُلِيتُ بِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ إِنَ‌ لِي جَارِيَةً كُنْتُ أَطَأُهَا فَوَطِئْتُهَا يَوْماً وَ خَرَجْتُ فِي حَاجَةٍ لِي بَعْدَ مَا اغْتَسَلْتُ مِنْهَا وَ نَسِيتُ نَفَقَةً لِي فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْمَنْزِلِ لآِخُذَهَا فَوَجَدْتُ غُلَامِي عَلَى بَطْنِهَا فَعَدَدْتُ لَهَا مِنْ يَوْمِي ذَلِكَ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَوَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً فَقَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَقْرَبَهَا وَ لَا أَنْ تَبِيعَهَا وَ لَكِنْ أَنْفِقْ عَلَي

"A man from the Ansar came to my father (as) and said: 'I have been afflicted with a great matter. I had a maid whom I used to have relations with. One day, after being intimate with her, I went out for some of my needs after performing ghusl. I later realized I had forgotten some of my provisions, so I returned home t

يَبِيعُ الْجَارِيَةَ وَ لَا يَبِيعُ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يُوَرِّثُهُ شَيْئاً مِنْ مَالِهِ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who had a maid with whom he had intimate relations, and she would go out to fulfill his needs. She became pregnant, and he feared that the pregnancy might not be from him. What should he do? Should he sell the maid and the child? Imam (as) replied: "He may sell the maid, but he must not se

أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قُلْ لَهُ إِذَا وَلَدَتْ فَأَمْسِكِ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا تَبِعْهُ وَ اجْعَلْ لَهُ نَصِيباً مِنْ دَارِكَ قَالَ فَقِيلَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ كَانَ يَطَأُ جَارِيَةً لَهُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ يَبْعَثُهَا فِي حَوَائِجِهِ وَ أَنَّهُ اتَّهَمَهَا وَ حَبِلَتْ فَقَالَ إِذَا هِيَ وَلَدَتْ أَمْسَكَ الْوَلَدَ وَ لَا يَبِيعُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُ لَهُ نَصِيباً مِنْ دَارِهِ وَ مَالِهِ لَيْسَ هَذِهِ مِثْلَ تِلْكَ‌[5].

Hadith.5679 - Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad narrated from Sulaym, the servant of Tirbal, from Hariz, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who used to have intimate relations with his maid and would also send her out to fulfill his needs. She became pregnant, and he heard rumors of her misconduct. Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Te

أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَدِهِ ثُمَّ انْتَفَى مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ يُلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ أَوْ وَلِيدَتِهِ[1].

كَتَبَ بَعْضُ أَصْحَابِنَا إِلَى أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع مَعِي يَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ فَجَرَ بِامْرَأَةٍ فَحَمَلَتْ ثُمَّ إِنَّهُ تَزَوَّجَهَا بَعْدَ الْحَمْلِ فَجَاءَتْ بِوَلَدٍ وَ الْوَلَدُ أَشْبَهُ خَلْقِ اللَّهِ بِهِ فَكَتَبَ ع بِخَطِّهِ وَ خَاتَمِهِ الْوَلَدُ لِغَيَّةٍ لَا يُورَثُ[3].

لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ كَمْ دِيَةُ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا قَالَ يُعْطَى الَّذِي أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ مَا أَنْفَقَ عَلَيْهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ مَالٌ فَمَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ الْإِمَامُ‌[4]. وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّ دِيَةَ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا ثَمَانُمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ مِيرَاثُهُ كَمِيرَاثِ ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ[1].

I asked Imam (as): "May I be your ransom, what is the blood money (diyyah) for a child born out of fornication?" Imam (as) replied: "The one who spent on him is to be given what he spent on him." I asked: "If the child dies and has wealth, who inherits it?" He (as) said: "The Imam." It has also been narrated: "The bloo

لَا يَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لِلْقَاتِلِ ابْنٌ وَرِثَ الْجَدَّ الْمَقْتُولَ.

Hadith.5683 - Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Jamil, from one of the two Imams (peace be upon them), regarding a man who killed his father. Imam (as) said: "He does not inherit from him. However, if the killer has a son, the son inherits from the murdered grandfather."

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع- عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ شَرِبَتْ دَوَاءً عَمْداً وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ وَ لَمْ تُعْلِمْ بِذَلِكَ زَوْجَهَا فَأَلْقَتْ وَلَدَهَا فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَظْمٌ قَدْ نَبَتَ عَلَيْهِ اللَّحْمُ فَعَلَيْهَا دِيَةٌ تُسَلِّمُهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلَقَةً أَوْ مُضْغَةً فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهَا أَرْبَعِينَ دِينَاراً أَوْ غُرَّةً تُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى أَبِيهِ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَهِيَ لَا تَرِثُ وَلَدَهَا مِنْ دِيَتِهِ مَعَ أَبِ

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a woman who intentionally drank medicine while she was pregnant without informing her husband, causing her to miscarry his child. Imam (as) said: "If the fetus had developed bones upon which flesh had grown, she must pay the full diyyah (blood money) to the fa

يَجُوزُ لِأَبِيهَا مَا وَهَبَتْ لَهُ‌[2].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who struck his pregnant daughter, causing her to miscarry a stillborn child. The woman's husband sought justice against her father. The woman then said to her husband: "If this miscarriage has a diyyah (blood money) and I have a share of inheritance in it, then I give my share to my father

جَعْفَرَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع- عَنْ طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ إِحْدَاهُمَا بَاغِيَةٌ وَ الْأُخْرَى عَادِلَةٌ اقْتَتَلُوا فَقَتَلَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْعِرَاقِ أَبَاهُ أَوْ ابْنَهُ أَوْ أَخَاهُ أَوْ حَمِيمَهُ وَ هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَغْيِ وَ هُوَ وَارِثُهُ هَلْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ لِأَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ بِحَقٍ‌[3].

I asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about two groups of believers - one of them being rebellious (baghiyah) and the other just (Adilah) - who fought each other. A man from the people of Iraq, belonging to the rebellious group, killed his father, son, brother, or close relative during the battle and was also h

زَوْجُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ الْوَلَدُ وَلَدِي وَ يُكَذِّبُ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ أَمَّا الْمَرْأَةُ فَلَا تَرْجِعُ إِلَيْهِ أَبَداً وَ أَمَّا الْوَلَدُ فَإِنِّي أَرُدُّهُ إِلَيْهِ إِذَا ادَّعَاهُ وَ لَا أَدَعُ وَلَدَهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَ يَرِثُ الِابْنُ الْأَبَ وَ لَا يَرِثُ الْأَبُ الِابْنَ يَكُونُ مِيرَاثُهُ لِأَخْوَالِهِ‌[3] وَ إِنْ دَعَاهُ أَحَدٌ وَلَدَ الزِّنَا جُلِدَ الْحَدَّ.

Hadith.5691 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who was asked about a case of mula'anah (mutual cursing) where a man accuses his wife of adultery, disowns her child, and they engage in the process of mula'anah. Later, the husband claims that the child is indeed his and denies his earlier accusatio

وَ رَوَى مُوسَى بْنُ بَكْرٍ[4] عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ‌ إِنَّ مِيرَاثَ وَلَدِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ لِأُمِّهِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ أُمُّهُ لَيْسَتْ بِحَيَّةٍ فَلِأَقْرَبِ النَّاسِ مِنْ أُمِّهِ أَخْوَالِهِ‌[5].

"The inheritance of the child of mula'anah belongs to his mother. If his mother is not alive, then it goes to the closest relatives on his mother's side - his maternal uncles."

الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ عَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ‌ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ الثُّلُثَ وَ الْبَاقِي لِإِمَامِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

"The child of mula'anah is inherited by his mother with one-third, and the remainder belongs to the Imam of the Muslims."

وَ رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ أَبَانٍ وَ غَيْرِهِ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ‌ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي ابْنِ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ أَنَّهُ تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ الثُّلُثَ وَ الْبَاقِي لِلْإِمَامِ لِأَنَّ جِنَايَتَهُ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ‌[1].

"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding the child of mula'anah that his mother inherits one-third, and the remainder belongs to the Imam because any liability for his actions falls upon the Imam."

يُخَيَّرُ وَاحِدَةً مِنِ اثْنَتَيْنِ فَيُقَالُ لَهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَلْزَمْتَ نَفْسَكَ الذَّنْبَ فَيُقَامُ فِيكَ الْحَدُّ وَ تُعْطَى الْمِيرَاثَ وَ إِنْ شِئْتَ أَقْرَرْتَ فَلَاعَنْتَ أَدْنَى قَرَابَتِهَا

Hadith.5695 - Abu Al-Jawza' narrated from Al-Husayn ibn Alwan, from Amr ibn Khalid, from Zayd ibn Ali, from his father (as), from his grandfather (as), from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), regarding a man who accused his wife of adultery and then left. When he returned, he found that his wife had passed away. Imam Ali ibn

"كَانَ عَلِيٌّ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يَقُولُ : "إِذَا مَاتَ اِبْنُ اَلْمُلاَعَنَةِ وَ لَهُ إِخْوَةٌ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ عَلَى سِهَامِ اَللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ" ".

"Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say: 'If the son of the cursed woman dies and he has brothers, his wealth is divided according to the shares ordained by Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic.'"

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَاعَنَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى قَدِ اسْتَبَانَ حَمْلُهَا وَ أَنْكَرَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا فَلَمَّا وَضَعَتِ ادَّعَاهُ وَ أَقَرَّ بِهِ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ مِنْهُ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يُرَدُّ إِلَيْهِ وَلَدُهُ وَ يَرِثُهُ وَ لَا يُجْلَدُ لِأَنَّ اللِّعَانَ قَدْ مَضَى‌[1].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who had invoked li'an against his wife while she was pregnant, and her pregnancy was visibly apparent. He denied what was in her womb. However, after she gave birth, he claimed the child and acknowledged it, asserting that it was his. Abu Abdullah (as) said: "The child is returned

تَرِثُهُ أُمُّهُ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ مَاتَتْ أُمُّهُ وَ وَرِثَهَا هُوَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ هُوَ مَنْ يَرِثُهُ قَالَ عَصَبَةُ أُمِّهِ وَ هُوَ يَرِثُ أَخْوَالَهُ.

Hadith.5698 - Muhammad ibn Al-Fudayl narrated from Abu Al-Sabbah and Amr ibn Uthman from Al-Mufaddal from Zayd from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding the inheritance of the son of the cursed woman. Imam (as) said: "His mother inherits from him." I asked: "What if his mother dies, and he inherits from her, then he dies - who

وَ رَوَى حَمَّادُ بْنُ عِيسَى عَنْ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ ابْنُ الْمُلَاعَنَةِ يُنْسَبُ إِلَى أُمِّهِ وَ يَكُونُ أَمْرُهُ وَ شَأْنُهُ كُلُّهُ إِلَيْهَا.

"The son of the cursed woman is attributed to his mother, and all his matters and affairs belong entirely to her."

أَيُّهَا الْقَاضِي اقْضِ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَ خَصْمِي فَقَالَ لَهَا وَ مَنْ خَصْمُكِ قَالَتْ أَنْتَ قَالَ أَفْرِجُوا لَهَا فَأَفْرَجُوا لَهَا فَدَخَلَتْ فَقَالَ لَهَا مَا ظُلَامَتُكِ فَقَالَتْ إِنَّ لِي مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ شُرَيْحٌ فَإِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقْضِي عَلَى الْمَبَالِ قَالَتْ فَإِنِّي أَبُولُ بِهِمَا جَمِيعاً وَ يَسْكُنَانِ مَعاً قَالَ شُرَيْحٌ وَ اللَّهِ مَا سَمِعْتُ بِأَعْجَبَ

"Shurayh the judge was once sitting in his court when a woman approached him and said: 'O' judge, rule between me and my opponent.' He (Shurayh) asked her: 'And who is your opponent?' She replied: 'You.' Shurayh said: 'Make way for her,' so they made space, and she entered. He (Shurayh) asked her: 'What is your grievan

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ مَوْلُودٍ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ قَالَ هَذَا يُقْرِعُ عَلَيْهِ الْإِمَامُ يَكْتُبُ عَلَى سَهْمٍ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ وَ يَكْتُبُ عَلَى سَهْمٍ آخَرَ أَمَةَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ يَقُولُ الْإِمَامُ أَوِ الْمُقْرِعُ- اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ اللَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ‌ عالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَ الشَّهادَةِ أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبادِكَ فِي ما كانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ‌ بَيِّ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a newborn who has neither the characteristics of males nor females. Imam (as) said: "In this case, the Imam will cast lots. He will write on one lot 'Servant of Allah (swt)' (Abdullah) and on another lot 'Maidservant of Allah (swt)' (Amatullah). Then the Imam or the one drawing the lots

"وُلِدَ عَلَى عَهْدِ أَمِيرِ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ مَوْلُودٌ لَهُ رَأْسَانِ فَسُئِلَ أَمِيرُ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ يُوَرَّثُ مِيرَاثَ اِثْنَيْنِ أَوْ وَاحِدٍ فَقَالَ "يُتْرَكُ حَتَّى يَنَامَ ثُمَّ يُصَاحُ بِهِ فَإِنِ اِنْتَبَهَا جَمِيعاً مَعاً، كَانَ لَهُ مِيرَاثٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ إِنِ اِنْتَبَهَ وَاحِدٌ وَ بَقِيَ اَلْآخَرُ نَائِماً وُرِّثَ مِيرَاثَ اِثْنَيْنِ".

"During the time of the Commander of the Faithful (as), a child was born with two heads. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was asked whether this child should inherit as one person or as two. Imam Ali (as) replied: 'Let the child sleep, then call out to them. If both heads wake up together, the child inherits as one person.

يُقْسَمُ مِيرَاثُهُ وَ يُعْزَلُ لِلْغَائِبِ نَصِيبُهُ قُلْتُ فَعَلَيْهِ الزَّكَاةُ قَالَ لَا حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ فَيَقْبِضَهُ وَ يَحُولَ عَلَيْهِ الْحَوْلُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَا يُدْرَى أَيْنَ هُوَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ الْوَرَثَةُ مِلَاءً[3] اقْتَسَمُوا مِيرَاثَهُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ رَدُّوهُ عَلَيْهِ.

I asked Imam (as) about a man who died and left behind children, some of whom were absent and their whereabouts were unknown. Imam (as) said: "Inheritance should be divided, and the share of the absent one will be set aside." I asked: "Is zakat due on it?" Imam (as) said: "No, not until he returns, takes possession of

يَطْلُبُ قَالَ إِنَّ ذَلِكَ قَدْ طَالَ عَلَيْهِ فَيَتَصَدَّقُ بِهِ قَالَ يَطْلُبُ‌[4].

Hadith.5710 - Yunus ibn Abd Al-Rahman narrated from Ibn Awn from Mu'awiyah ibn Wahb from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who had a rightful claim over another person but lost contact with him. He did not know where to search for him, whether he was alive or dead, and was unaware of any heir, lineage, or child related

إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَمْ يَزِدْنَا بِالْإِسْلَامِ إِلَّا عِزّاً فَنَحْنُ نَرِثُهُمْ وَ لَا يَرِثُونَّا[1].

Hadith.5721 - Muhammad ibn Sinan narrated from Abdur Rahman ibn Aʿyan from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding a Christian man who dies leaving behind a Muslim son. Imam (as) said: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has only increased us in honor through Islam. Therefore, we inherit from

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ لَهُ زَوْجَةٌ وَ وُلْدٌ مُسْلِمُونَ فَقَالَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَتْ أُمُّهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مِيرَاثُهُ أُعْطِيَتِ السُّدُسَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ تَكُنْ لَهُ امْرَأَةٌ وَ لَا وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ لَهُ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَ أُمُّهُ نَصْرَانِيَّةٌ وَ قَرَابَتُهُ نَصَارَى مِمَّنْ لَهُمْ سَهْمٌ فِي الْكِتَابِ لَوْ كَانُوا مُسْلِ

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a Muslim man who died and had a Christian mother, along with a Muslim wife and Muslim children. Imam (as) said: "If his mother accepts Islam before the inheritance is divided, she is given one-sixth." I asked: "What if he has no wife, no children, and no heir

أَرَى أَنْ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أَخِيهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَيْ مَا تَرَكَ وَ يُعْطَى ابْنُ أُخْتِهِ الْمُسْلِمُ ثُلُثَ مَا تَرَكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ وُلْدٌ صِغَارٌ فَإِنَّ عَلَى الْوَارِثَيْنِ أَنْ يُنْفِقَا عَلَى الصِّغَارِ مِمَّا وَرِثَا عَنْ أَبِيهِمْ حَتَّى يُدْرِكُوا قِيلَ لَهُ كَيْفَ يُنْفِقَانِ عَلَى الصِّغَارِ فَقَالَ يُخْرِجُ وَارِثُ الثُّلُثَيْنِ ثُلُثَيِ النَّفَقَةِ وَ يُخْرِجُ و

I asked Imam (as) about a Christian man who died, leaving behind a Muslim nephew (son of his brother) and a Muslim niece (daughter of his sister), while his own children and wife were Christians. Imam (as) said: "I see that the Muslim nephew should be given two-thirds of what he left behind, and the Muslim niece should

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ نَصْرَانِيٌّ أَسْلَمَ ثُمَّ رَجَعَ إِلَى اَلنَّصْرَانِيَّةِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ "مِيرَاثُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ اَلنَّصَارَى " وَ مُسْلِمٌ تَنَصَّرَ ثُمَّ مَاتَ قَالَ "مِيرَاثُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ ".

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a Christian man who accepted Islam and then reverted to Christianity and died. Imam (as) said: "His inheritance goes to his Christian children." I then asked about a Muslim who converted to Christianity and then died. Imam (as) said: "His inheritance goes to his Muslim children."

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي الرَّجُلِ الْحُرِّ يَمُوتُ وَ لَهُ أُمٌّ مَمْلُوكَةٌ قَالَ تُشْتَرَى مِنْ مَالِ ابْنِهَا ثُمَّ تُعْتَقُ ثُمَّ يُوَرَّثُ‌[2].

Hadith.5731 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said that Commander of the Faithful (as) used to say regarding a free man who dies while his mother is a slave: "She should be purchased from the wealth of her son, then freed, and then she will inherit from him."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَمُوتُ وَ يَتْرُكُ ابْناً مَمْلُوكاً قَالَ يُشْتَرَى ابْنُهُ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَيُعْتَقُ وَ يُوَرَّثُ مَا بَقِيَ.

I asked Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man who dies and leaves behind a son who is enslaved. Imam (as) said: "His son should be purchased from his wealth, then freed, and he will inherit whatever remains."

وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْمُغِيرَةِ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيمَنِ ادَّعَى عَبْدَ إِنْسَانٍ وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ ابْنُهُ‌[2] أَنَّهُ يُعْتَقُ مِنْ مَالِ الَّذِي ادَّعَاهُ‌[3] فَإِنْ تُوُفِّيَ الْمُدَّعِي وَ قُسِمَ مَالُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُعْتَقَ الْعَبْدُ فَقَدْ سَبَقَهُ الْمَالُ وَ إِنْ أُعْتِقَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُقْسَمَ مَالُهُ فَلَهُ نَصِيبُهُ

"The Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled regarding a man who claimed that a slave belonged to him and asserted that he was his son. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled that the slave should be freed from the wealth of the one who made the claim. If the claimant died and his wealth was divided before the slave was freed,

لَا يَطَؤُهَا حَتَّى تَعْتَدَّ مِنَ الزَّوْجِ الْمَيِّتِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَ عَشَرَةَ أَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ يَطَؤُهَا بِالْمِلْكِ مِنْ غَيْرِ نِكَاحٍ قُلْتُ فَوَلَدُهَا مِنَ الزَّوْجِ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ تَرَكَ مَالًا اشْتُرِيَ مِنْهُ بِالْقِيمَةِ- فَأُعْتِقَ وَ وُرِّثَ‌[1] قُلْتُ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَدَعْ مَالًا قَالَ فَهُوَ مَعَ أُمِّهِ كَهَيْأَتِهَا.

I asked him about a man who had a slave woman (umm walad) and her child from him died. He then married her to another man, and she bore him a child. Later, that man died, and she returned to her original master. I asked: "Does he have the right to be intimate with her before marrying her?" Imam (as) said: "He cannot be