لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ أَقَرَّ أَنَّهُ عَبْدٌ قَالَ يَأْخُذُهُ بِمَا قَالَ أَوْ يَرُدَّ الْمَالَ[1].
"I said to Abu Abdullah (as), 'A man admitted that he is a slave.' Imam (as) said: 'He will be held accountable based on what he said, or he must return the wealth.'"
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِذَا عَمِيَ الْعَبْدُ فَلَا رِقَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ الْعَبْدُ إِذَا أَجْذَمَ فَلَا رِقَّ عَلَيْهِ[2].
The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: "If a slave becomes blind, there is no servitude upon him; and if a slave becomes leprous, there is no servitude upon him."
إِذَا عَمِيَ الْعَبْدُ فَقَدْ عَتَقَ[1]
قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِيمَنْ نَكَّلَ بِمَمْلُوكِهِ أَنَّهُ حُرٌّ لَا سَبِيلَ لَهُ عَلَيْهِ سَائِبَةٌ يَذْهَبُ فَيَتَوَلَّى إِلَى مَنْ أَحَبَّ فَإِذَا ضَمِنَ حَدَثَهُ فَهُوَ يَرِثُهُ[2].
رُوِيَ فِي امْرَأَةٍ قَطَعَتْ ثَدْيَ وَلِيدَتِهَا أَنَّهَا حُرَّةٌ لَا سَبِيلَ لِمَوْلَاتِهَا عَلَيْهَا[3].
Hadith.3520 - It is narrated regarding a woman who cut off the breast of her female slave; "She (the slave) is free, and her mistress has no authority over her."
هُوَ حُرٌّ كُلُّهُ لَيْسَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ شَرِيكٌ[4].
Hadith.3521 - It is narrated by Talhah bin Zayd, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), peace be upon him, regarding a man who freed part of his slave. Imam (as) said: "He is completely free; there is no partner with Allah (swt), the Almighty."
الْأَمَةُ حُرَّةٌ وَ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا حُرٌّ لِأَنَّ مَا فِي بَطْنِهَا مِنْهَا[6].
Hadith.3522 - It is narrated by Al-Sakooni, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), peace be upon him, regarding a man who freed a pregnant bondwoman but excluded what was in her womb. Imam (as) said: "The bondwoman is free, and what is in her womb is also free b
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ يَجُوزُ لِلْمُسْلِمِ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكاً مُشْرِكاً قَالَ لَا[1].
"I asked Abu Abdullah (as), 'Is it permissible for a Muslim to free a slave who is a polytheist?'" Imam (as) said: "No."
لَا يَجُوزُ فِي الْعَتَاقِ[2] الْأَعْمَى وَ الْأَعْوَرُ وَ الْمُقْعَدُ وَ يَجُوزُ الْأَشَلُّ وَ الْأَعْرَجُ.
أَعْتَقَ مَنْ أَغْنَى نَفْسَهُ[3] الشَّيْخُ الْكَبِيرُ أَفْضَلُ مِنَ الشَّابِّ الْأَجْرَدِ[4].
"I asked him about a man who is obligated to free a slave and intends to emancipate one. Which is better-to free an old man or a young, healthy man?" Imam (as) replied: 'Free the one who is more self-sufficient. The old man is better than the young, healthy (strong) man.' "
إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع[5] كَانَ عَلَيَّ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ فَهَرَبَ لِي مَمْلُوكٌ لَسْتُ أَعْلَمُ أَيْنَ هُوَ أَ يُجْزِينِي عِتْقُهُ فَكَتَبَ ع نَعَمْ.
"I wrote to Abu al-Hasan (as), stating that I was obligated to free a slave, but my slave had escaped, and I did not know where he was. Would his emancipation suffice for fulfilling my obligation?" Imam (as) wrote back: 'Yes.' "
أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ لَهُ مَمْلُوكٌ قَدْ أَبَقَ مِنْهُ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ فِي كَفَّارَةِ الظِّهَارِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ مَا لَمْ يَعْرِفْ مِنْهُ مَوْتاً[1].
"I asked Abu al-Hasan (as), about a man who had a runaway slave. Is it permissible for him to free the slave as an expiation for zihar?" Imam (as) replied: 'There is no harm in it, as long as he has not come to know of the slave's death.'"
لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُعْتَقَ وَلَدُ الزِّنَا[2].
لَهُ جَارِيَةٌ لِي زَنَتْ أَبِيعُ وَلَدَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَحُجُّ بِثَمَنِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ[4].
Hadith.3529 - It is narrated from Anbasa ibn Mus'ab that he said: "I said to Abu Abdullah (as): 'A bondwoman of mine committed adultery. Can I sell her child?' Imam (as) said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Can I perform Hajj with its price?' Imam (as) said: 'Yes.' "
نَعَمْ إِلَّا جَارِيَةً لَقِيطَةً فَإِنَّهَا لَا تُشْتَرَى[1].
"Abu Abdullah (as), was asked about a child born out of adultery-can he be bought, sold, or used for service? Imam (as) said: 'Yes, except for a foundling girl (abandoned by parents), as she cannot be bought.' "
الْمَنْبُوذُ حُرٌّ إِنْ شَاءَ جَعَلَ وَلَاءَهُ لِلَّذِينَ رَبَّوْهُ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ لِغَيْرِهِمْ.
فِي رِوَايَةِ الْمُثَنَّى[2] عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ إِنْ طَلَبَ الَّذِي رَبَّاهُ بِنَفَقَتِهِ وَ كَانَ مُوسِراً رَدَّ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ مُوسِراً كَانَ مَا أَنْفَقَ صَدَقَةً[3].
Hadith.3532 - In the narration of Al-Muthanna, from Abu Abdullah (as): "If the one who raised the abandoned child demands repayment for his expenses and he (the child) is financially capable, he must repay him. However, if he is not financially capable, then what was spent is considered charity."
حُرَّةٌ لَا تُشْتَرَى وَ لَا تُبَاعُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ وُلِدَ مَمْلُوكٌ لَكَ مِنَ الزِّنَا فَأَمْسِكْ أَوْ بِعْ إِنْ أَحْبَبْتَ هُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ لَكَ.
Hadith.3533 - Zurarah narrates from one of the Imams (as), peace be upon them, that Imam (as) said regarding a foundling: "She is free and cannot be bought or sold. However, if a child is born to you from her through unlawful relations, then you may keep or sell the child if you wish, as he is your slave."
الْعَبْدُ الْآبِقُ لَا تُقْبَلُ لَهُ صَلَاةٌ حَتَّى يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَوْلَاهُ[4]
الْمَمْلُوكُ إِذَا هَرَبَ وَ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ مِصْرِهِ لَمْ
إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ بَعِيرٍ يُخَافُ شِرَادُهُ[4] فَإِذَا خِفْتَ ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَوْثِقْ مِنْهُ وَ أَشْبِعْهُ وَ اكْسُهُ قُلْتُ وَ كَمْ شِبَعُهُ قَالَ أَمَّا نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُ عِيَالَنَا مُدَّيْنِ تَمْراً.
Hadith.3536 - Zayd al-Shahham narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): He was asked about a man who fears that his slave might run away or that the slave had already run away. Should he restrain him or place a mark on his neck? Imam (as) replied: "He is like a camel you fear might escape. If you fear that, secure him properly,
أَرَى أَنَّ جَمِيعَ مَا مَعَهَا لِلْوَرَثَةِ[5] قُلْتُ وَ لَا تُعْتَقُ مِنْ ثُلُثِ سَيِّدِهَا قَالَ لَا إِنَّهَا أَبَقَتْ عَاصِيَةً لِلَّهِ وَ لِسَيِّدِهَا فَأَبْطَلَ الْإِبَاقُ التَّدْبِيرَ[6].
Hadith.3537 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): I asked him about a bondwoman who was mudadbarah (promised freedom upon the master's death). She ran away from her master for several years and later returned after her master had died. She came back with children and consid
يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ مَا سَلَبَهُ ثِيَابَهُ وَ لَا شَيْئاً مِمَّا كَانَ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا بَاعَهُ وَ لَا دَاهَنَ فِي إِرْسَالِهِ فَإِذَا حَلَفَ بَرِئَ مِنَ الضَّمَانِ[7].
Hadith.3538 - Isma'il ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was approached with a dispute regarding a man who had captured a runaway slave. The slave had been with him for some time, but later escaped again. Imam
فِي جُعْلِ الْآبِقِ إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمَ يُرَدُّ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ[1].
قَالَ ع[2] فِي رَجُلٍ أَخَذَ آبِقاً فَفَرَّ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ.
Hadith.3540 - Imam (as) said regarding a man who captured a runaway slave and then the slave escaped from him: "There is nothing (no liability) upon him."
لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ[4].
Hadith.3541 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Al-Hasan ibn Salih, from Abu Abdullah (as). He said: I asked him about a man who found a stolen animal that belonged to his neighbor, so he took it to return it to him, but the animal died. Imam (as) said: "There is nothing (no liability) upon him."
إِنَّ الْعَبْدَ إِذَا أَبَقَ مِنْ مَوَالِيهِ ثُمَّ سَرَقَ لَمْ يُقْطَعْ وَ هُوَ آبِقٌ لِأَنَّهُ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الْمُرْتَدِّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ لَكِنْ يُدْعَى إِلَى الرُّجُوعِ إِلَى مَوَالِيهِ وَ الدُّخُولِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ أَبَى أَنْ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى مَوَالِيهِ قُطِعَتْ يَدُهُ بِالسَّرِقَةِ ثُمَّ قُتِلَ وَ الْمُرْتَدُّ إِذَا سَرَقَ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ[5].
لِلْمُشْتَرِي اذْهَبْ بِهِمَا فَاخْتَرْ أَحَدَهُمَا وَ رُدَّ الْآخَرَ وَ قَدْ قَبَضَ الْمَالَ فَذَهَبَ بِهِمَا الْمُشْتَرِي فَأَبَقَ أَحَدُهُمَا مِنْ عِنْدِهِ قَالَ لِيَرُدَّ الَّذِي عِنْدَهُ مِنْهُمَا وَ يَقْبِضُ نِصْفَ ثَمَنِ مَا أَعْطَى مِنَ الْبَائِعِ وَ يَذْهَبُ فِي طَلَبِ الْغُلَامِ فَإِنْ وَجَدَهُ اخْتَارَ أَيَّهُمَا شَاءَ وَ رَدَّ الْآخَرَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْهُ كَانَ الْعَبْدُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفُهُ لِلْبَائِعِ
Hadith.3543 - Ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Abu Habib, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as). He said: "I asked him about a man who bought a slave from another man, and the seller had two slaves. The seller said to the buyer, 'Take them both, then choose one of them and return the
اكْتُبْ لِلْآبِقِ فِي وَرَقَةٍ أَوْ فِي قِرْطَاسٍ- بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* يَدُ فُلَانٍ مَغْلُولَةٌ إِلَى عُنُقِهِ إِذَا أَخْرَجَهَا لَمْ يَكَدْ يَراها وَ مَنْ لَمْ يَجْعَلِ اللَّهُ لَهُ نُوراً فَما لَهُ مِنْ نُورٍ ثُمَّ لُفَّهَا ثُمَّ اجْعَلْهَا بَيْنَ عُودَيْنِ ثُمَّ أَلْقِهَا فِي كَوَّةِ بَيْتٍ مُظْلِمٍ فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَأْوِي فِيهِ[2].
ادْعُ بِهَذَا الدُّعَاءِ لِلْآبِقِ وَ اكْتُبْهُ فِي وَرَقَةٍ[1]- اللَّهُمَّ السَّمَاءُ لَكَ وَ الْأَرْضُ لَكَ وَ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا لَكَ فَاجْعَلْ مَا بَيْنَهُمَا أَضْيَقَ عَلَى فُلَانٍ مِنْ جِلْدِ جَمَلٍ حَتَّى تَرُدَّهُ عَلَيَّ وَ تُظْفِرَنِي بِهِ وَ لْيَكُنْ حَوْلَ الْكِتَابِ آيَةُ الْكُرْسِيِّ مَكْتُوبَةً مُدَوَّرَةً[2] ثُمَّ ادْفِنْهُ وَ ضَعْ فَوْقَهُ شَيْئاً ثَقِيلًا فِي الْمَوْضِعِ الَّذِي كَانَ يَأْوِي فِيهِ بِا
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ كُلُّ مُسْلِمٍ بَيْنَ مُسْلِمَيْنِ[3] ارْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ وَ جَحَدَ مُحَمَّداً ص نُبُوَّتَهُ وَ كَذَّبَهُ فَإِنَّ دَمَهُ مُبَاحٌ لِكُلِّ مَنْ سَمِعَ ذَلِكَ مِنْهُ وَ امْرَأَتَهُ بَائِنَةٌ مِنْهُ فَلَا تَقْرَبْهُ[4] وَ يُقْسَمُ مَالُهُ عَلَى وَرَثَتِهِ وَ تَعْتَدُّ امْرَأَتُهُ عِدَّةَ الْمُتَوَفَّى عَنْهَا زَوْجُهَا- وَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ إِنْ أُتِيَ بِهِ
I heard Abu Abdullah (as), say: "Any Muslim who is living among Muslims and then apostasizes from Islam, denies the prophethood of Muhammad, peace be upon him and his family, and rejects him, then his blood is permissible (to be shed) for anyone who hears that from him. His wife becomes separated from him and must not
رَوَى السَّكُونِيُّ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ آبَائِهِ ع أَنَّ الْمُرْتَدَّ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ تُعْزَلُ عَنْهُ امْرَأَتُهُ وَ لَا تُؤْكَلُ ذَبِيحَتُهُ وَ يُسْتَتَابُ ثَلَاثاً[6] فَإِنْ رَجَعَ وَ إِلَّا قُتِلَ يَوْمَ الرَّابِعِ إِذَا كَانَ صَحِيحَ الْعَقْلِ[7].
Hadith.3547 - Al-Sakuni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers, peace be upon them: "A person who apostasizes from Islam is to be separated from his wife, his slaughtered meat is not to be eaten, and he is to be given an opportunity
لَا تُقْتَلُ وَ تُسْتَخْدَمُ خِدْمَةً شَدِيدَةً وَ تُمْنَعُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ إِلَّا مَا تُمْسِكُ بِهِ نَفْسَهَا وَ تُلْبَسُ أَخْشَنَ الثِّيَابِ وَ تُضْرَبُ عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ[1].
Hadith.3548 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a person who apostasizes from Islam: "He is not to be killed but is to be subjected to hard labor, denied food and drink except what sustains his life, made to wear coarse clothing, and beaten to perform prayers."
فِي رِوَايَةِ غِيَاثِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع قَالَ إِذَا ارْتَدَّتِ الْمَرْأَةُ عَنِ الْإِسْلَامِ لَمْ تُقْتَلْ وَ لَكِنْ تُحْبَسُ أَبَداً.
Hadith.3549 - In a narration by Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "If a woman apostasizes from Islam, she is not to be killed but is to be imprisoned forever."
إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع لَمَّا فَرَغَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَصْرَةِ أَتَاهُ سَبْعُونَ رَجُلًا مِنَ الزُّطِّ[2] فَسَلَّمُوا عَلَيْهِ وَ كَلَّمُوهُ بِلِسَانِهِمْ[3] ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُمْ إِنِّي لَسْتُ كَمَا قُلْتُمْ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ مَخْلُوقٌ قَالَ فَأَبَوْا عَلَيْهِ وَ قَالُوا لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ لَا بَلْ أَنْتَ أَنْتَ هُوَ فَقَالَ لَهُمْ لَئِنْ لَمْ تَرْجِعُوا عَمَّا قُلْتُمْ وَ لَمْ تَتُوبُوا[4] إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لَأَ
وَ ذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَجُلَيْنِ بِالْكُوفَةِ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ[2] أَتَى رَجُلٌ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فَشَهِدَ أَنَّهُ رَآهُمَا يُصَلِّيَانِ لِصَنَمٍ فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع وَيْحَكَ لَعَلَّهُ بَعْضُ مَنْ يَشْتَبِهُ عَلَيْكَ أَمْرُهُ فَأَرْسَلَ رَجُلًا فَنَظَرَ إِلَيْهِمَا وَ هُمَا يُصَلِّيَانِ لِصَنَمٍ فَأَتَى بِهِمَا قَالَ فَقَالَ لَهُمَا ارْجِعَا فَأَبَيَا فَخَدَّ لَهُمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ أُخْدُوداً وَ أَجَّجَ فِيهِ نَاراً
Hadith.3551 - And it is reported that two men in Kufa, who were Muslims, were brought before Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). A man testified that he had seen them praying to an idol. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Woe unto you! Perhaps it is someone who merely appeared similar to them, and th
وَ كَتَبَ غُلَامٌ لِأَمِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع[2] إِلَيْهِ إِنِّي قَدْ أَصَبْتُ قَوْماً مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ زَنَادِقَةً وَ قَوْماً مِنَ النَّصَارَى زَنَادِقَةً فَقَالَ أَمَّا مَنْ كَانَ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وُلِدَ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ ثُمَّ ارْتَدَّ فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ وَ لَا تَسْتَتِبْهُ وَ مَنْ لَمْ يُولَدْ مِنْهُمْ عَلَى الْفِطْرَةِ فَاسْتَتِبْهُ فَإِنْ تَابَ وَ إِلَّا فَاضْرِبْ عُنُقَهُ وَ أَمَّا النَّصَارَى فَمَا هُمْ
Hadith.3552 - A servant wrote to Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) saying: "I have come across a group of Muslims who are heretics (Zindiqs) and a group of Christians who are also heretics." Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) replied: "As for those who were born as Muslims, upon the natural disposition (Fi
طَئُوا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ[4] عَلَيْهِ فَوُطِئَ حَتَّى مَاتَ.
Hadith.3553 - In a narration reported by Musa bin Bakr from Al-Fudhayl, from Abu Abdullah (as): "A man from among the Muslims converted to Christianity. He was brought to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) asked him to repent, but he refused. Then Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) seized him by his hair
لَا يُتْرَكُ وَ لَكِنْ يُضْرَبُ عَلَى الْإِسْلَامِ[5].
Hadith.3554 - In a narration reported by Fadalah from Aban, Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Regarding a child who grows up and chooses Christianity while one of his parents is a Christian or both of them are Muslims, he is not to be left (in that state), but rather he is compelled to follow Islam."
مَالُهُ لِوُلْدِهِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ[7].
Hadith.3555 - Ibn Faddal reported from Aban that Abu Abdullah (as) said: "If a man dies as an apostate from Islam and he has children and wealth, his wealth is to be inherited by his Muslim children."
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا أَسْلَمَ الْأَبُ جَرَّ الْوَلَدَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَمَنْ أَدْرَكَ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ دُعِيَ إِلَى الْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ أَبَى قُتِلَ وَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ الْوَلَدُ لَمْ يَجُرَّ أَبَوَيْهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَيْنَهُمَا مِيرَاثٌ[1].
Hadith.3556 - Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "If the father embraces Islam, he leads his child to Islam. When the child reaches maturity, he is invited to accept Islam; if he refuses, he is to be killed. However, if the child accepts Islam, they do not bring their parents into it, and there
أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِمَمْلُوكِهِ أَنْتَ حُرٌّ وَ لِي مَالُكَ قَالَ يَبْدَأُ بِالْمَالِ قَبْلَ الْعِتْقِ يَقُولُ لِي مَالُكَ وَ أَنْتَ حُرٌّ بِرِضاً مِنَ الْمَمْلُوكِ[3].
I asked Abu al-Hasan (as) about a man who said to his slave, "You are free, and your wealth belongs to me." Imam (as) said: "He must begin with the wealth before granting freedom, saying, 'Your wealth belongs to me, and you are free,' with the consent of the slave."
أَوَّلُ مَمْلُوكٍ أَمْلِكُهُ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ فَأَصَابَ سِتَّةً فَقَالَ إِنَّمَا كَانَتْ نِيَّتُهُ عَلَى وَاحِدٍ فَلْيَخْتَرْ أَيَّهُمْ شَاءَ فَلْيُعْتِقْهُ[4].
"The first slave I acquire will be free." Then he acquired six slaves. Imam (as) said: "His intention was for one. Let him choose whichever one he wishes and set him free."
إِلَيْهِ[5] أَسْأَلُهُ عَنِ الْمَمْلُوكِ يَحْضُرُهُ الْمَوْتُ فَيُعْتِقُهُ مَوْلَاهُ فِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَةِ فَيَخْرُجُ مِنَ الدُّنْيَا حُرّاً هَلْ لِلْمَوْلَى فِي عِتْقِهِ ذَلِكَ أَجْرٌ أَوْ يَتْرُكُهُ مَمْلُوكاً فَيَكُونُ لَهُ أَجْرٌ إِذَا مَاتَ وَ هُوَ مَمْلُوكٌ لَهُ أَفْضَلُ فَكَتَبَ ع يُتْرَكُ الْعَبْدُ مَمْلُوكاً فِي حَالِ مَوْتِهِ فَهُوَ آجَرُ لِمَوْلَاهُ[6] وَ هَذَا الْعِتْقُ فِي تِلْكَ السَّاعَةِ[7] لَمْ يَك
I wrote to Imam (as) asking about a slave who is near death, and his master frees him at that moment so that he leaves this world as a free man. Does the master earn a reward for freeing him, or is it better to leave him as a slave so that the master gains a greater reward if he dies while still owned? Imam (as) wrote:
إِنْ كَانَ فِي مَرَضٍ فَالْعِتْقُ أَفْضَلُ لَهُ لِأَنَّهُ يُعْتِقُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عُضْواً مِنَ النَّارِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ فِي حَالِ حُضُورِ الْمَوْتِ فَيَتْرُكُهُ مَمْلُوكاً أَفْضَلُ لَهُ مِنْ عِتْقِهِ.
Hadith.3560 - Muhammad ibn Isa al-Ubaydi narrated from al-Fadl ibn al-Mubarak: He wrote to Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad (as) asking about a man who owns a slave, and the slave becomes ill. Is it better for the man to free him during his illness to gain a greater reward, or to leave him as a servant? Imam (as) replied:
لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الرَّجُلُ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ مُؤْمِنَةٍ فَلَا يَجِدُهَا كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ فَقَالَ عَلَيْكُمْ بِالْأَطْفَالِ فَأَعْتِقُوهُمْ فَإِنْ خَرَجَتْ مُؤْمِنَةً فَذَاكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ تَخْرُجْ مُؤْمِنَةً فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ شَيْءٌ[1].
Hadith.3561 - Muhammad ibn Isa al-Ubaydi narrated from al-Fadl ibn al-Mubarak al-Basri, from his father, from Abu Abdullah (as): I said to Imam (as): "May I be your ransom, a man is required to free a believing slave, but he cannot find one. What should he do?" Imam (as) replied: "Resort to the children (among slaves)
لَهُ الْعَبْدُ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا لَكَ عَلَيَّ كَذَا وَ كَذَا أَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ مِنْهُ[2] قَالَ يَأْخُذُهُ مِنْهُ عَفْواً وَ يَسْأَلُهُ إِيَّاهُ فِي عَفْوٍ فَإِنْ أَبَى فَلْيَدَعْهُ[3].
Hadith.3562 - Muawiyah ibn Maytharah narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): I asked him about a man who sells his slave at a reduced price so that he may be freed, and the slave says to him in private, "I will give you such-and-such amount." Is it permissible for the man to take it from him? Imam (as) replied: "He may take i
قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع فِي مُكَاتَبَةٍ يَطَؤُهَا مَوْلَاهَا فَتَحْبَلُ قَالَ يَرُدُّ عَلَيْهَا مَهْرَ مِثْلِهَا وَ تَسْعَى فِي قِيمَتِهَا فَإِنْ عَجَزَتْ فَهِيَ مِنْ أُمَّهَاتِ الْأَوْلَادِ[4].
"Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as) was asked about a contract-bound female slave (mukatabah) whose master had intercourse with her, and she became pregnant. Imam (as) replied: "He must pay her the equivalent of her dowry, and she must work to pay off her value. If she is unable to do so, then she is considered one of the mo
لَهُ أَبْلَغَ اللَّهُ مِنْ قَدْرِكَ أَنْ تَدَّعِيَ مَا يَدَّعِي أَبُوكَ فَقَالَ لَهُ مَا لَكَ أَطْفَأَ اللَّهُ نُورَكَ وَ أَدْخَلَ الْفَقْرَ بَيْتَكَ أَ مَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى أَوْحَى إِلَى عِمْرَانَ أَنِّي وَاهِبٌ لَكَ ذَكَراً فَوَهَبَ لَهُ مَرْيَمَ وَ وَهَبَ لِمَرْيَمَ عِيسَى- فَعِيسَى مِنْ مَرْيَمَ وَ مَرْيَمُ مِنْ عِيسَى وَ عِيسَى وَ مَرْيَمُ شَيْءٌ وَاحِدٌ وَ أَنَا مِنْ أَبِي وَ أَبِي
Hadith.3564 - Ibn Abi Sa'id al-Mukari entered upon Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) and said to him: "Has Allah (swt) elevated your status to the extent that you claim what your father claims?" The Imam (as) replied: "What is wrong with you? May Allah (swt) extinguish your light and bring poverty into your house! Do you
نَعَمْ إِنَّمَا هُوَ مَالِكُهُ يَفْتَدِيهِ[4] إِذَا أُخِذَ يُؤَدِّي عَنْهُ.
I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a Christian slave owned by a Muslim man-does the slave have to pay jizyah (tribute tax)? Imam (as) replied: "Yes, because his owner is the one responsible for redeeming him if he is taken, and he (the owner) must pay it on his behalf."