Book of Livelihood

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي الْمَمْلُوكَ لِمَنْ مَالُهُ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ عَلِمَ الْبَائِعُ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالًا فَهُوَ لِلْمُشْتَرِي وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلِمَ فَهُوَ لِلْبَائِعِ‌[4].

Hadith.3816 - In a narration from Jamil ibn Darraj, from Zurara, he said: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who buys a slave, who does the wealth of the slave belong to?" Imam (as) replied: "If the seller knew that the slave had wealth, then it belongs to the buyer. However, if the seller was unaware, then it belo

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي الْمَمْلُوكَ وَ مَالَهُ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قُلْتُ فَيَكُونُ مَالُ الْمَمْلُوكِ أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اشْتَرَاهُ بِهِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ‌[5].

Hadith.3817 - Zurara narrated: "I said to Abu Abdullah (as): A man buys a slave along with his wealth. Imam (as) replied: 'There is no harm in it.' I asked: 'What if the wealth of the slave is greater than the price he was purchased for?' Imam (as) replied: 'There is no harm in it.'

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ شِرَاءِ مَمْلُوكِ أَهْلِ الذِّمَّةِ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَقَرُّوا لَهُمْ بِذَلِكَ فَاشْتَرِ وَ انْكِحْ‌[1].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about purchasing a slave from the People of the Book (Ahl al-Dhimma)." Imam (as) replied: "If they acknowledge ownership of the slave, then buy and marry."

يَرُدُّهَا وَ يَرُدُّ مَعَهَا شَيْئاً[2].

Hadith.3819 - Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah narrated from Abu Abdillah (as). He said: "I asked Imam (as) about a man who buys a bondwoman, then has relations with her, and later discovers that she is pregnant." Imam (as) replied: "He must return her and also return something along with her."

فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ الْمَلِكِ بْنِ عَمْرٍو عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ يَرُدُّهَا وَ يَرُدُّ نِصْفَ عُشْرِ ثَمَنِهَا إِذَا كَانَتْ حُبْلَى‌[3].

Hadith.3820 - In the narration of Abdul-Malik ibn Amr from Abu Abdillah (as): "He must return her and also return half a tenth of her price if she is pregnant."

فِي رِوَايَةِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ يَرُدُّهَا وَ يَكْسُوهَا[4].

Hadith.3821 - In the narration of Muhammad ibn Muslim from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "He must return her and provide her with clothing."

مَعَاذَ اللَّهِ أَنْ أَجْعَلَ لَهَا أَجْراً.

Hadith.3822 - Muhammad ibn Maythar narrates from Abu Abdullah (as): "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) would not return a bondwoman due to a defect if she had been intimate, but he would claim compensation for the value of the defect. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say, 'I seek refuge in Allah (swt) from making her a so

لِأَبِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع رَجُلٌ يَدُلُّ الرَّجُلَ عَلَى السِّلْعَةِ وَ يَقُولُ اشْتَرِهَا وَ لِيَ نِصْفُهَا فَيَشْتَرِيهَا الرَّجُلُ وَ يَنْقُدُ مِنْ مَالِهِ قَالَ لَهُ نِصْفُ الرِّبْحِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ وُضِعَ لَحِقَهُ مِنَ الْوَضِيعَةِ شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقَالَ نَعَمْ عَلَيْهِ الْوَضِيعَةُ كَمَا يَأْخُذُ الرِّبْحَ.

Hadith.3823 - Ishaq ibn Ammar narrates: I said to Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)): A man directs another man to a commodity and says, 'Buy it, and half of it will be mine.' The man buys it and pays from his own money. The Imam (as) replied: "He is entitled to half the profit." I asked: "What if there i

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَدْخُلُ السُّوقَ أُرِيدُ أَنْ أَشْتَرِيَ جَارِيَةً فَتَقُولُ إِنِّي حُرَّةٌ قَالَ اشْتَرِهَا إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ لَهَا بَيِّنَةٌ[1].

Hadith.3824 - Hamzah ibn Humran narrates: I said to Abu Abdullah (as): I enter the market intending to buy a bondwoman, but she claims that she is free. The Imam (as) replied: "Buy her unless she has evidence (to prove her claim of freedom)."

نَعَمْ.

Hadith.3825 - Al-Is ibn al-Qasim asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a slave who claimed that he was free but did not provide any evidence for his claim. The Imam (as) replied: "Yes, you may buy him."

وَلِيدَتِي بَاعَهَا ابْنِي بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي قَالَ الْحُكْمُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ وَلِيدَتَهُ وَ ابْنَهَا[3] فَيُنَاشِدَهُ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهَا[4] فَقَالَ لَهُ خُذِ ابْنَهُ الَّذِي بَاعَكَ وَ تَقُولُ لَا وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُرْسِلُ ابْنَكَ حَتَّى تُرْسِلَ ابْنِي‌[5] فَلَمَّا رَأَى ذَلِكَ سَيِّدُ الْوَلِيدَةِ أَجَازَ بَيْعَ ابْنِهِ‌[1].

"Commander of the Faithful (as) ruled concerning a female slave who was sold by the son of her master while her master was absent. The buyer took her as a concubine, and she bore him a son. Later, her original master returned and disputed with the buyer, claiming: 'She is my slave, and my son sold her without my permis

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي اَلْغُلاَمَ أَوِ اَلْجَارِيَةَ وَ لَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ أَوْ أَبٌ أَوْ أُمٌّ بِمِصْرٍ مِنَ اَلْأَمْصَارِ قَالَ "لاَ يُخْرِجُهُ مِنْ مِصْرٍ إِلَى مِصْرٍ آخَرَ إِنْ كَانَ صَغِيراً وَ لاَ يَشْتَرِيهِ فَإِنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ أُمٌّ فَطَابَتْ نَفْسُهَا وَ نَفْسُهُ فَاشْتَرِهِ إِنْ شِئْتَ".

Hadith.3827 - Ibn Sinan narrated that Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Regarding a man who buys a male or female slave, and the slave has a brother, sister, father, or mother in one of the cities, he should not take the slave out of that city to another city if the slave is young, nor should he buy him. However, if the slave h

لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Hadith.3828 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as): He was asked about walnuts that cannot be counted individually, so they are measured with a container and then counted based on the amount in that container. Afterward, the remaining quantity is measured according to that count. Imam (as) said: "Ther

مَا كَانَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ سَمَّيْتَ فِيهِ كَيْلًا فَلَا يَصْلُحُ بَيْعُهُ مُجَازَفَةً هَذَا مِمَّا يُكْرَهُ مِنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ[5].

لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مِثْلَ هَذِهِ الْوَضَاحِيَّةِ[7] يَجُوزُ- كَمَا يَجُوزُ عِنْدَنَا عَدَداً[1].

Hadith.3830 - Abd al-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): "I asked Imam (as) about a man who purchases a commodity with a dirham, and the dirham is deficient by a fraction, such as a grain or the like. Should he give it to the seller without informing him that it is deficient?" Imam (as) said: 'No, unl

لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَحْلُبَ لَكَ مِنْهُ سُكُرُّجَةً[2] فَتَقُولُ أَشْتَرِي مِنْكَ‌[3] هَذَا اللَّبَنَ الَّذِي فِي السُّكُرُّجَةِ وَ مَا فِي ضُرُوعِهَا بِثَمَنٍ مُسَمًّى فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي الضُّرُوعِ شَيْ‌ءٌ كَانَ فِيمَا فِي السُّكُرُّجَةِ[4].

Hadith.3831 - Samaah asked him about purchasing milk while it is still in the udders. Imam (as) said: "No, unless he milks some of it into a small vessel (sukurjah) for you, and then you say, 'I purchase from you this milk that is in the vessel and what is in its udders for a specified price.' If there is nothing in th

إِذَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً وَاحِداً قَدْ أَدْرَكَ فَاشْتَرِهِ وَ تَقَبَّلْ بِهِ.

Hadith.3832 - Aban narrated from Ismail ibn al-Fadl, who reported from Abu Abdillah (as): I asked him about a man who accepts responsibility for the payment of poll tax (jizyah) for individuals, the land tax (kharaj) for palm trees, crops, forests, hunting grounds, fish, and birds, while he does not know whether any of

لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ مَعَهُ شَيْئاً آخَرَ وَ يَقُولَ أَشْتَرِي مِنْكَ هَذَا الشَّيْ‌ءَ وَ عَبْدَكَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى الْعَبْدِ كَانَ الثَّمَنُ الَّذِي نَقَدَهُ فِيمَا اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ‌[3].

Hadith.3833 - Zur'ah narrated from Sama'ah, from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding a man who purchases a slave while the slave has run away from his owner. Imam (as) said: "It is not permissible for him unless he purchases something else along with him and says, 'I purchase from you this item and your slave for such and such

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ أَحْمَالٌ بِكَيْلٍ مُسَمًّى فَبَعَثَ إِلَيَّ بِأَحْمَالٍ مِنْهَا أَقَلُّ مِنَ الْكَيْلِ الَّذِي لِي عَلَيْهِ فَآخُذُهَا مُجَازَفَةً فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[5] قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ عَلَى الْآخَرِ مِائَةُ كُرٍّ تَمْراً وَ لَهُ نَخْلٌ فَيَأْتِيهِ فَيَقُولُ أَعْطِنِي نَخْلَكَ‌[6] هَذَا بِمَا عَلَيْكَ فَكَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَهُ‌[7] قَالَ وَ س

Hadith.3834 - Yaqub ibn Shuayb narrated: I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who owes me loads of goods measured by a specific scale, but he sends me loads that are less than the specified measurement I am owed. Can I take them without measuring precisely (mujazafah)? Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." He said

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى تِبْنَ بَيْدَرٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدَاسَ تِبْنَ كُلِّ كُرٍّ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ مَعْلُومٍ فَيَأْخُذُ التِّبْنَ وَ يَبِيعُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَالَ الطَّعَامُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[2].

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who purchased straw from a threshing floor before it was threshed, each load of straw for a specified amount, and he took the straw and sold it before the grain was measured. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَشْتَرِي مِائَةَ رَاوِيَةٍ مِنْ زَيْتٍ وَ أَعْتَرِضُ رَاوِيَةً أَوِ اثْنَتَيْنِ وَ أَتَّزِنُهُمَا ثُمَّ آخُذُ سَائِرَهُ‌[3] عَلَى قَدْرِ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "I purchase one hundred containers of oil, and I inspect one or two containers and weigh them, then take the rest based on that measurement." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm."

نَعَمْ‌[4].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who has a debt and holds collateral along with it, can he purchase it? Imam (as) said: "Yes."

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَا كَانَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ سَمَّيْتَ فِيهِ كَيْلًا فَلَا يَصْلُحُ مُجَازَفَةً[5].

Hadith.3838 - Ibn Muskan narrated from Al-Halabi who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Any food for which a specific measure has been stipulated cannot be sold without measurement."

كَانَ مَعِي

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ وَلَدِ الزِّنَا أَ يُبَاعُ وَ يُشْتَرَى وَ يُسْتَخْدَمُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَيُسْتَنْكَحُ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ لَا تَطْلُبُ وَلَدَهَا[2].

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a child born out of wedlock, can he be sold, purchased, and employed as a servant? Imam (as) said: "Yes." I said: "Can he be married?" Imam (as) said: "Yes, but do not seek her offspring."

"إِذَا عَرَفْتَ أَنَّهُ كَذَلِكَ فَلاَ إِلاَّ أَنْ يَكُونَ شَيْئاً تَشْتَرِيهِ مِنَ اَلْعُمَّالِ".

Hadith.3841 - Sama'ah asked him about purchasing stolen or embezzled goods. Imam (as) said: "If you know that it is so, then no, unless it is something you are buying from the authorities."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُضَارَبَةِ يُعْطَى الرَّجُلُ الْمَالَ فَيَخْرُجُ بِهِ إِلَى أَرْضٍ وَ يُنْهَى أَنْ يَخْرُجَ بِهِ إِلَى أَرْضٍ غَيْرِهَا فَعَصَى وَ خَرَجَ إِلَى أَرْضٍ أُخْرَى فَعَطِبَ الْمَالُ‌[5] فَقَالَ هُوَ ضَامِنٌ وَ إِنْ سَلِمَ وَ رَبِحَ‌[6] فَالرِّبْحُ بَيْنَهُمَا.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a partnership in which a man is given wealth and instructed to take it to a specific land, but he disobeys and takes it to another land, and the wealth is lost. Imam (as) said: "He is liable. However, if it is safe and profits are made, then the profit is to be shared between them."

إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع قَالَ‌ مَنْ ضَمَّنَ تَاجِراً فَلَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا رَأْسُ الْمَالِ‌[1] وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ مِنَ الرِّبْحِ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

Hadith.3843 - Muhammad bin Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said that Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "Whoever guarantees a trader is entitled only to the principal amount and has no share in the profit."

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ مُضَارَبَةً فَاشْتَرَى أَبَاهُ وَ هُوَ لَا يَعْلَمُ قَالَ يُقَوَّمُ فَإِنْ زَادَ دِرْهَماً وَاحِداً أُعْتِقَ وَ اسْتُسْعِيَ فِي مَالِ الرَّجُلِ‌[3].

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "A man gave another man one thousand dirhams in a partnership, and he unknowingly purchased his father with it." Imam (as) said: "He should be valued, and if his value exceeds by even one dirham, he shall be freed and shall work to repay the man's wealth."

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ يَكُونُ لَهُ مَالٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَيَتَقَاضَاهُ وَ لَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ مَا يَقْضِيهِ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ عِنْدَكَ مُضَارَبَةً قَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ مِنْهُ‌[4].

Hadith.3845 - Al-Sakooni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers (peace be upon them) who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said regarding a man who is owed money by another man and demands repayment, but the debtor does not have

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌[1] الْمُضَارِبُ مَا أَنْفَقَ فِي سَفَرِهِ فَهُوَ مِنْ جَمْعِ الْمَالِ فَإِذَا قَدِمَ بَلْدَتَهُ فَمَا أَنْفَقَ فَهُوَ مِنْ نَصِيبِهِ.

Hadith.3846 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Whatever the partner spends during his travel is taken from the joint capital. However, when he returns to his town, whatever he spends is from his own share."

كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌[2] يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ يَمُوتُ وَ عِنْدَهُ مَالُ الْمُضَارَبَةِ إِنَّهُ إِنْ سَمَّاهُ بِعَيْنِهِ قَبْلَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ هَذَا لِفُلَانٍ فَهُوَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَذْكُرْهُ فَهُوَ أُسْوَةُ الْغُرَمَاءِ[3].

Hadith.3847 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to say: "Whoever dies while holding partnership capital, if he specifies it before his death and says, 'This belongs to so-and-so,' then it is his. However, if he dies without mentioning it, it will be treated like the property of other creditors."

أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَعْطِنِي رَأْسَ الْمَالِ وَ الرِّبْحُ لَكَ وَ مَا تَوِيَ فَعَلَيَّ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا اشْتَرَطَا[4] وَ إِنْ كَانَ شَرْطاً يُخَالِفُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ رُدَّ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.3848 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding two men who entered into partnership with wealth, made a profit, and the wealth included both debt and cash. One of them said to the other, "Give me the principal amount, and the profit will be yours, and any loss will be my responsibility.

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْكُمْ أَنْ يُشَارِكَ الذِّمِّيَّ وَ لَا يُبْضِعَهُ بِضَاعَةً وَ لَا يُودِعَهُ وَدِيعَةً وَ لَا يُصَافِيَهُ الْمَوَدَّةَ[5].

I heard Abu Abdillah (as) say, "It is not proper for any of you to enter into a partnership with a Dhimmi, nor to entrust him with goods, nor to deposit a trust with him, nor to establish a close friendship with him."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الْغَنَمُ يَحْلُبُهَا لَهَا أَلْبَانٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مَا تَقُولُ فِي شِرَاءِ الْخَمْسِمِائَةِ رِطْلٍ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً يَأْخُذُ فِي كُلِّ يَوْمٍ مِنْهُ أَرْطَالًا[1] حَتَّى يَسْتَوْفِيَ مَا يَشْتَرِي مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهَذَا وَ نَحْوِهِ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who owns sheep that produce a large quantity of milk every day. What do you say about purchasing five hundred ritls of milk for a specified amount of dirhams, taking a certain amount from it each day until he fulfills what he purchased? Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in this and

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سَاوَمْتُ رَجُلًا بِجَارِيَةٍ فَبَاعَنِيهَا بِحُكْمِي‌[2] فَقَبَضْتُهَا عَلَى ذَلِكَ ثُمَّ بَعَثْتُ إِلَيْهِ بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ هَذِهِ أَلْفُ دِرْهَمٍ عَلَى حُكْمِي عَلَيْكَ فَأَبَى أَنْ يَقْبَلَهَا مِنِّي وَ قَدْ كُنْتُ مَسِسْتُهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ أَبْعَثَ إِلَيْهِ بِالثَّمَنِ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ تُقَوَّمَ الْجَارِيَةُ قِيمَةً عَادِلَةً فَإِنْ كَانَ ثَمَنُهَا أَكْثَرَ مِمَّا بَعَثْت

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "I bargained with a man over a bondwoman, and he sold her to me based on my judgment. I took possession of her on that basis, then I sent him one thousand dirhams and said to him, 'Here are one thousand dirhams based on my judgment over you.' But he refused to accept them from me, and I had

أَسْتَحِطُّهُمْ قَالَ لَا إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنِ الِاسْتِحْطَاطِ بَعْدَ الصَّفْقَةِ[1].

I purchased a bondwoman for Abu Abdillah (as). When I was about to pay them, I said: "I will try to get a discount from them." Imam (as) said: "No, indeed the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) forbade seeking a discount after the deal has been concluded."

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَصْوَافَ مِائَةِ نَعْجَةٍ وَ مَا فِي بُطُونِهَا مِنْ حَمْلٍ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ فِي بُطُونِهَا حَمْلٌ كَانَ رَأْسُ مَالِهِ فِي الصُّوفِ‌[3].

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "What do you say about a man who buys the wool of one hundred sheep and what is in their wombs in terms of pregnancy for such-and-such amount of dirhams?" Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. If there is no pregnancy in their wombs, then his capital is in the wool."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي سِهَامَ الْقَصَّابِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ السَّهْمُ قَالَ‌[4] إِنِ‌ اشْتَرَى سَهْماً فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِذَا خَرَجَ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who purchases shares from butchers before the shares are distributed. Imam (as) said: "If he purchases a share, then he has the option to accept or reject it when it is distributed."

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَقُولُ فِي رَجُلٍ يَهَبُ لِعَبْدِهِ أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ أَوْ أَقَلَّ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ فَيَقُولُ حَلِّلْنِي مِنْ ضَرْبِي إِيَّاكَ أَوْ مِنْ كُلِّ مَا كَانَ مِنِّي إِلَيْكَ أَوْ مِمَّا أَخَفْتُكَ وَ أَرْهَبْتُكَ فَيُحَلِّلُهُ وَ يَجْعَلُهُ فِي حِلٍّ رَغْبَةً فِيمَا أَعْطَاهُ ثُمَّ إِنَّ الْمَوْلَى بَعْدُ أَصَابَ الدَّرَاهِمَ الَّتِي أَعْطَاهُ فِي مَوْضِعٍ قَدْ وَضَعَهَا فِيهِ الْعَبْدُ فَأَخَذَهَ

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "What do you say about a man who gifts his slave one thousand dirhams, or more or less, and says to him, 'Release me from my beating you, or from everything I have done to you, or from the fear and intimidation I caused you?' So the slave releases him and declares him free from blame, desir

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْبَيْعَ فَيَسْتَوْهِبُهُ‌[5] بَعْدَ الشِّرَاءِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَحْمِلَهُ عَلَى الْكُرْهِ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "A man purchases goods from another man and then asks for them as a gift after the purchase, without compelling him." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."

جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّمَا سَاوَمْتُكَ لِأَنْظُرَ الْمُسَاوَمَةُ تَنْبَغِي أَوْ لَا تَنْبَغِي فَقُلْتُ قَدْ حَطَطْتُ عَنْكَ عَشَرَةَ دَنَانِيرَ قَالَ هَيْهَاتَ أَ لَّا كَانَ هَذَا قَبْلَ الضَّمَّةِ[1] أَ مَا بَلَغَكَ قَوْلُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص الْوَضِيعَةُ بَعْدَ الضَّمَّةِ حَرَامٌ‌[2].

I brought a bondwoman to Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) to offer her for sale. Imam (as) began to bargain with me, and I bargained with Him (as), and then I sold her to Him (as). He (as) finalized the deal by taking possession through my hand. I said: "May I be your ransom, I was only bargaining with yo

تِسْعَةُ أَعْشَارِ الرِّزْقِ فِي التِّجَارَةِ[3].

إِنَّكَ تَجِي‌ءُ وَ تَدْخُلُ وَ نَحْنُ فِي حَالٍ نَكْرَهُ أَنْ تَرَانَا عَلَيْهِ فَإِذَا جِئْتَ فَاسْتَأْذِنْ حَتَّى نَتَحَرَّزَ ثُمَّ نَأْذَنَ لَكَ وَ تَدْخُلَ قَالَ لَا أَفْعَلُ هُوَ مَالِي أَدْخُلُ عَلَيْهِ وَ لَا أَسْتَأْذِنُ فَأَتَى الْأَنْصَارِيُّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَشَكَا إِلَيْهِ وَ أَخْبَرَهُ فَبَعَثَ إِلَى سَمُرَةَ فَجَاءَهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ اسْتَأْذِنْ عَلَيْهِ فَأَبَى وَ قَالَ لَهُ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ لِلْأَنْصَ

Samurah ibn Jundab had a date-palm tree in the garden of a man from the Ansar, and the house of the Ansari had the pathway leading to the garden. Samurah would come and enter without seeking permission. The Ansari said to him: "You come and enter while we are in a state that we dislike you seeing us in. When you come,

لَا فَقُلْتُ فَرَجُلٌ يَدْفَعُ السِّمْسِمَ إِلَى الْعَصَّارِ فَيَضْمَنُ لَهُ بِكُلِّ صَاعٍ أَرْطَالًا مُسَمَّاةً فَقَالَ لَا[2].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who gives grain to a miller and agrees with him to receive ten measures of flour for every ten measures of grain. Imam (as) said: "No." I then asked: "What about a man who gives sesame seeds to an oil presser and guarantees to receive a specified amount of oil for each measure?" Imam (as)

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ بَيْعِ الْكَلَإِ إِذَا كَانَ سَيْحاً[4] يَعْمِدُ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى مَائِهِ فَيَسُوقُهُ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَيَسْقِيهِ الْحَشِيشَ وَ هُوَ الَّذِي حَفَرَ النَّهَرَ وَ لَهُ الْمَاءُ يَزْرَعُ بِهِ مَا يَشَاءُ فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ الْمَاءُ لَهُ فَلْيَزْرَعْ بِهِ مَا شَاءَ وَ يَبِيعُهُ بِمَا أَحَبَّ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about selling pasture when it is irrigated by flowing water, where a man directs his water to the land, irrigates the grass, and he is the one who dug the canal and owns the water, planting with it whatever he wishes. Imam (as) said: "If the water is his, then he may plant with it whatever he

إِنْ كَانَ اشْتَرَطَ حِينَ اشْتَرَاهُ إِنْ شَاءَ قَطَعَهُ قَصِيلًا وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهُ كَمَا هُوَ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلًا[2] وَ إِلَّا فَلَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَتْرُكَهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلًا.

Hadith.3862 - Sama'ah asked him about purchasing fodder crops, where a man buys them but does not harvest them, and then decides to leave them until they produce spikes of barley or wheat. He had bought them from their roots, and any tax due on them was the responsibility of the cultivator. Imam (as) said: "If he stipu

فَلْيُدْخِلْ مَعَهُ مَنْ شَاءَ بِبَعْضِ مَا أَعْطَى وَ إِنْ أَدْخَلَ مَعَهُ بِتِسْعَةٍ وَ أَرْبَعِينَ دِرْهَماً فَكَانَ غَنَمُهُ تَرْعَى بِدِرْهَمٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِخَمْسِينَ دِرْهَماً وَ يَرْعَى مَعَهُمْ‌[3] إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدْ عَمِلَ فِي الْمَرْعَى عَمَلًا حَفَرَ بِئْراً أَوْ شَقَّ نَهَراً بِرِضَا أَصْحَابِ الْمَرْعَى فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَبِيعَهُ بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اشْتَرَاهُ بِهِ ل

Hadith.3863 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who purchased grazing land for fifty dirhams, or more or less, to graze his livestock, and then wanted to allow others to graze with him and charge them a fee. Imam (as) said: "He may allow others to graze with him for part of what he paid. For example, if he includes others

إِنِّي لَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَسْتَأْجِرَ الرَّحَى وَحْدَهَا ثُمَّ أُؤَاجِرَهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اسْتَأْجَرْتُهَا إِلَّا أَنْ أُحْدِثَ فِيهَا حَدَثاً أَوْ أُغْرَمَ فِيهَا غُرْماً[4].

فِي رِوَايَةِ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ إِذَا تَقَبَّلْتَ أَرْضاً بِذَهَبٍ أَوْ فِضَّةٍ فَلَا تُقَبِّلْهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا قَبِلْتَهَا بِهِ لِأَنَّ الذَّهَبَ وَ الْفِضَّةَ مُصْمَتَانِ‌[5].

"If you lease land with gold or silver, do not lease it out for more than what you leased it for, because gold and silver are fixed commodities."