لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهُ لِقَصِيلٍ يَعْلِفُهُ الدَّوَابَّ ثُمَّ يَتْرُكَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ حَتَّى يُسَنْبِلَ[2].
I asked him about purchasing wheat and barley crops before they produce spikes while they are still grass. Imam (as) said: "No, unless he buys it as fodder to feed animals, and then, if he wishes, he may leave it until it produces spikes."
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ شِرْبٌ مَعَ الْقَوْمِ فِي قَنَاتِهِمْ وَ هُمْ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ فَيَسْتَغْنِي بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ شِرْبِهِ أَ يَبِيعُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهُ بِوَرِقٍ[4] وَ إِنْ شَاءَ بَاعَهُ بِكَيْلِ حِنْطَةٍ.
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who has a share of water usage in a canal along with others, and they are partners in it. If some of them no longer need their share of the water, can they sell it? Imam (as) said: "Yes, if he wishes, he may sell it for silver coins, or if he wishes, he may sell it for a measure of
لَهُ خُذْ مِنِّي نِصْفَ بَذْرِكَ وَ نِصْفَ نَفَقَتِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ لِأُشَارِكَكَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ[5].
Hadith.3868 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who cultivates one hundred jaribs of crops, whether food or other plants, using his own seeds. Then another man comes to him and says, "Take half of my seeds and half of my expenses for this land so that I may share the partnership with you." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm
"إِنْ كَانَ اِشْتَرَطَ عَلَى اَلْعِلْجِ يَوْمَ اِشْتَرَاهُ أَنَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ جَعَلَهُ سُنْبُلاً وَ إِنْ شَاءَ جَعَلَهُ قَصِيلاً فَلَهُ شَرْطُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اِشْتَرَطَ فَلاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَدَعَهُ حَتَّى يَكُونَ سُنْبُلاً فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ طَسْقَهُ وَ نَفَقَتَهُ وَ لَهُ مَا يَخْرُجُ مِنْهُ ".
Hadith.3869 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who purchased fodder crops but did not harvest them and left them until they turned into barley. He had stipulated with the landowner at the time of purchase that any incident or damage would be the responsibility of the landowner. Imam (as) said: "If he stipulated with the l
كَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى الْفَقِيهِ ع فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ رَحًى عَلَى نَهَرِ قَرْيَةٍ وَ الْقَرْيَةُ لِرَجُلٍ أَوْ لِرَجُلَيْنِ فَأَرَادَ صَاحِبُ الْقَرْيَةِ أَنْ يَسُوقَ الْمَاءَ إِلَى قَرْيَتِهِ فِي غَيْرِ هَذَا النَّهَرِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ هَذِهِ الرَّحَى وَ يُعَطِّلَ هَذِهِ الرَّحَى أَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ أَمْ لَا فَوَقَّعَ ع يَتَّقِي اللَّهَ وَ يَعْمَلُ فِي ذَلِكَ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ وَ لَا يُضَارُّ أَخَاهُ الْمُؤْمِنَ وَ فِي ر
قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنْ يَكُونَ بَيْنَ الْقَنَاتَيْنِ فِي الْعَرْضِ[4] إِذَا كَانَتْ أَرْضاً رِخْوَةً أَنْ يَكُونَ بَيْنَهُمَا أَلْفُ ذِرَاعٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَرْضاً صُلْبَةً يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمَا خَمْسُمِائَةِ ذِرَاعٍ.
Hadith.3871 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) ruled that the distance between two canals, if the land is soft, should be one thousand cubits, and if the land is hard, the distance should be five hundred cubits.
وَ قَضَى ع فِي أَهْلِ الْبَوَادِي أَنْ لَا يَمْنَعُوا فَضْلَ مَاءٍ وَ لَا يَبِيعُوا[5] فَضْلَ الْكَلَإِ.
Hadith.3872 - Imam (as) ruled concerning the people of the desert that they should neither withhold surplus water nor sell excess pasture.
وَ قَضَى ع أَنَّ الْبِئْرَ حَرِيمُهَا أَرْبَعُونَ ذِرَاعاً لَا يُحْفَرُ إِلَى جَنْبِهَا بِئْرٌ أُخْرَى لِمَعْطَنٍ أَوْ غَنَمٍ[6].
Hadith.3873 - Imam (as) ruled that the protected area around a well is forty cubits, and no other well may be dug next to it for watering livestock or sheep.
إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ شُرَكَاءُ فِي الْمَاءِ وَ النَّارِ وَ الْكَلَإِ[1].
I asked him about the water of the valley. Imam (as) said: "Indeed, Muslims are partners in water, fire, and pasture."
إِنْ شَاءَ اسْتَرْجَعَ فَضْلَ مَالِهِ وَ أَخَذَ الْأَرْضَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ رَدَّ الْبَيْعَ وَ أَخَذَ مَالَهُ كُلَّهُ إِلَّا أَنْ تَكُونَ إِلَى حَدِّ تِلْكَ الْأَرْضِ لَهُ أَيْضاً أَرَضُونَ فَيُوَفِّيَهُ وَ يَكُونُ الْبَيْعُ لَازِماً لَهُ وَ الْوَفَاءُ لَهُ بِتَمَامِ الْمَبِيعِ[2] فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ الْمَكَانِ غَيْرُ الَّذِي بَاعَ فَإِنْ شَاءَ الْمُشْتَرِي أَخَذَ الْأَرْضَ وَ اسْتَرْجَعَ فَضْلَ مَالِهِ و
Hadith.3875 - Umar bin Hanzalah narrated from Abu Abdillah (as) regarding a man who sold a piece of land, claiming it contained ten jaribs, and the buyer purchased it with its boundaries specified, paid the price, concluded the sale, and they separated. However, when the land was measured, it turned out to be only five
سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الشِّرَاءِ مِنْ أَرْضِ
قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص[5] مَنْ غَرَسَ شَجَراً بَدْءاً أَوْ حَفَرَ وَادِياً لَمْ يَسْبِقْهُ إِلَيْهِ أَحَدٌ أَوْ أَحْيَا أَرْضاً مَيْتَةً فَهِيَ لَهُ قَضَاءً مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ رَسُولِهِ.
Hadith.3877 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever plants a tree from the beginning, or digs a valley that no one has preceded him in, or revives dead land, then it belongs to him, this is a decree from Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious, and His Messenger."
أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَرْضاً جُرْبَاناً مَعْلُومَةً بِمِائَةِ كُرٍّ عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ مِنَ الْأَرْضِ فَقَالَ حَرَامٌ[6] قُلْتُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَإِنِ اشْتَرَى مِنْهُ الْأَرْضَ بِكَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَ حِنْطَةٍ مِنْ غَيْرِهَا[7] فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.
I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man who purchased a specified number of plots of land from another man for one hundred kurr, with the condition that he would give him the payment from the yield of the land. Imam (as) said: "This is forbidden." I said: "May I be your ransom, what if he purchases the land with a specif
لَا يَشْتَرِي مِنْ أَرَاضِي أَهْلِ السَّوَادِ شَيْئاً إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ ذِمَّةٌ فَإِنَّمَا هِيَ فَيْءٌ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ[1].
هِيَ لَهُ وَ لَهُ أَجْرُ بُيُوتِهَا وَ عَلَيْهِ فِيهَا الْعُشْرُ فِيمَا سَقَتِ السَّمَاءُ أَوْ سَيْلُ وَادٍ أَوْ عَيْنٌ وَ عَلَيْهِ فِيمَا سَقَتِ الدَّوَالِي وَ الْغَرْبُ[3] نِصْفُ الْعُشْرِ.
Imam (as) was asked, while I was present, about a man who revived dead land, dug a canal in it, built houses, and planted palm trees and other trees. Imam (as) said: "It belongs to him, and he is entitled to the rent of its houses. However, he must pay a tenth (ʿushr) of what is watered by rain, a valley stream, or a s
يَشْتَرِيهِ بِالْوَرِقِ فَإِنَّ أَصْلَهُ طَعَامٌ[5].
Hadith.3881 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who entered into a farming partnership with a Muslim or a covenant holder (Mu'ahid) and spent on it, but then decided to sell it. Imam (as) said: "He may sell it for silver coins, for its origin is food."
"ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ".
Hadith.3882 - Abdullah bin Sinan asked him about staying with the people who pay land tax (Ahl al-Kharaj). Imam (as) said: "Three days."
أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِيَ ع عَنْ دَارٍ كَانَتْ لِامْرَأَةٍ وَ كَانَ لَهَا ابْنٌ وَ ابْنَةٌ فَغَابَ الِابْنُ فِي الْبَحْرِ وَ مَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ فَادَّعَتِ ابْنَتُهَا أَنَّ أُمَّهَا كَانَتْ صَيَّرَتْ تِلْكَ الدَّارَ لَهَا وَ بَاعَتْ أَشْقَاصاً[7] مِنْهَا وَ بَقِيَتْ فِي الدَّارِ قِطْعَةٌ- إِلَى جَنْبِ دَارِ رَجُلٍ مِنْ إِخْوَانِنَا فَهُوَ يَكْرَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَهَا لِغَيْبَةِ الِابْنِ وَ مَا يَتَخَوَّفُ مِنْ أَنَّهُ
I asked Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as) about a house that belonged to a woman who had a son and a daughter. The son went missing at sea, and the woman died. The daughter claimed that her mother had transferred the ownership of the house to her and sold portions of it, leaving a remaining portion beside the house of one of ou
كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَحِمَهُ اللَّهُ[2] إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع فِي رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ رَجُلٍ بَيْتاً فِي دَارٍ لَهُ بِجَمِيعِ حُقُوقِهِ وَ فَوْقَهُ بَيْتٌ آخَرُ هَلْ يَدْخُلُ الْبَيْتُ الْأَعْلَى فِي حُقُوقِ الْبَيْتِ الْأَسْفَلِ أَمْ لَا فَوَقَّعَ ع لَيْسَ لَهُ إِلَّا مَا اشْتَرَاهُ بِاسْمِهِ وَ مَوْضِعِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.
Hadith.3884 - Muhammad bin Al-Hasan Al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, wrote to Abu Muhammad Al-Hasan bin Ali (as) regarding a man who purchased a house in a property with all its rights, and there was another house above it. He asked whether the upper house is included in the rights of the lower house or no
وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ قَالَ لِرَجُلَيْنِ اشْهَدَا أَنَّ جَمِيعَ الدَّارِ الَّتِي لَهُ فِي مَوْضِعِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا بِحُدُودِهَا كُلِّهَا لِفُلَانِ بْنِ فُلَانٍ وَ جَمِيعَ مَا لَهُ فِي الدَّارِ مِنَ الْمَتَاعِ وَ الْبَيِّنَةُ لَا تَعْرِفُ الْمَتَاعَ أَيُّ شَيْءٍ هُوَ فَوَقَّعَ ع يَصْلُحُ إِذَا أَحَاطَ الشِّرَاءُ بِجَمِيعِ ذَلِكَ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ[3].
Hadith.3885 - He wrote to Imam (as) regarding a man who said to two witnesses, "Bear witness that the entire house which he owns in such-and-such a location, with all its boundaries, belongs to so-and-so, along with all the belongings he has in the house." However, the witnesses did not know what the belongings were. I
وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَتْ لَهُ قِطَاعُ أَرَضِينَ فَحَضَرَهُ الْخُرُوجُ إِلَى مَكَّةَ وَ الْقَرْيَةُ عَلَى مَرَاحِلَ مِنْ مَنْزِلِهِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ مِنَ الْمُقَامِ مَا يَأْتِي بِحُدُودِ أَرْضِهِ[4] وَ عَرَّفَ حُدُودَ الْقَرْيَةِ الْأَرْبَعَةَ فَقَالَ لِلشُّهُودِ اشْهَدُوا أَنِّي قَدْ بِعْتُ مِنْ فُلَانٍ يَعْنِي الْمُشْتَرِيَ جَمِيعَ الْقَرْيَةِ الَّتِي حَدٌّ مِنْهَا كَذَا وَ الثَّانِي وَ الثَّالِثُ
Hadith.3886 - He wrote to Imam (as) regarding a man who owned several plots of land and was preparing to leave for Mecca. The village was several stages away from his residence, and he did not have enough time to specify the boundaries of his land. Instead, he identified the four boundaries of the entire village and sa
وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ يُشْهِدُهُ أَنَّهُ قَدْ بَاعَ ضَيْعَةً مِنْ رَجُلٍ آخَرَ وَ هِيَ قِطَاعُ أَرَضِينَ وَ لَمْ يُعَرِّفِ الْحُدُودَ فِي وَقْتِ مَا أَشْهَدَهُ وَ قَالَ إِذَا أَتَوْكَ بِالْحُدُودِ فَاشْهَدْ بِهَا هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ ذَلِكَ أَوْ لَا يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ فَوَقَّعَ ع نَعَمْ يَجُوزُ وَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ[2].
Hadith.3887 - He wrote to Imam (as) regarding a man who made another person a witness that he had sold an estate to another man. The estate consisted of several plots of land, but the boundaries were not specified at the time the witness was called. The seller then said: "When they bring you the boundaries, testify to
وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَلَى الْحُدُودِ إِذَا جَاءَ قَوْمٌ آخَرُونَ مِنْ أَهْلِ تِلْكَ الْقَرْيَةِ فَشَهِدُوا أَنَّ حُدُودَ هَذِهِ الضَّيْعَةِ الَّتِي بَاعَهَا الرَّجُلُ هِيَ هَذِهِ فَهَلْ يَجُوزُ لِهَذَا الشَّاهِدِ الَّذِي أَشْهَدَهُ بِالضَّيْعَةِ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ الْحُدُودَ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ بِالْحُدُودِ بِقَوْلِ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ عَرَّفُوا هَذِهِ الضَّيْعَةَ وَ شَهِدُوا لَهُ أَمْ لَا يَجُوزُ لَ
Hadith.3888 - He wrote to Imam (as) asking whether it is permissible for a witness, who was called to testify about the sale of an estate without specifying its boundaries, to later testify to the boundaries based on the statements of other people from the village who identified and confirmed the boundaries of the esta
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ دَارٍ فِيهَا ثَلَاثَةُ أَبْيَاتٍ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُنَّ حَجْرٌ[1] قَالَ إِنَّمَا الْإِذْنُ عَلَى الْبُيُوتِ لَيْسَ عَلَى الدَّارِ إِذْنٌ[2].
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a house that contains three rooms, and these rooms do not have separate enclosures. Imam (as) said: "Permission is required for the rooms, but there is no need for permission regarding the house."
اسْقِ هَذَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ وَ اعْمُرْهُ وَ لَكَ نِصْفُ مَا أَخْرَجَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُعْطِي الرَّجُلَ الْأَرْضَ الْخَرِبَةَ فَيَقُولُ اعْمُرْهَا وَ هِيَ لَكَ ثَلَاثَ سِنِينَ أَوْ أَرْبَعَ أَوْ خَمْسَ سِنِينَ أَوْ مَا شَاءَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ تَكُونُ لَهُ الْأَرْضُ مِنْ أَرْضِ الْخَرَاجِ عَلَيْهَا خَرَاجٌ مَعْلُو
I asked Imam (as) about a man who gives his land, which has water, palm trees, and fruits, to another man and says, "Irrigate this with water, cultivate it, and you will have half of what Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious, produces from it." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." I also asked him about a man who
لَهُ أَجْرُ بُيُوتِهَا[1] إِلَّا الَّذِي كَانَ فِي أَيْدِي دَهَاقِينِهَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ قَدِ اشْتَرَطَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِ الْأَرْضِ مَا فِي أَيْدِي الدَّهَاقِينِ[2].
Hadith.3891 - Sama'ah asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who leases land with the consent of its owners, based on specific conditions agreed upon with them. Imam (as) said: "He is entitled to the rent of its houses, except for what is already in the possession of its cultivators (dahaaqeen), unless he stipulated with
إِذَا تَقَبَّلْتَ أَرْضاً بِطِيبَةِ نَفْسِ أَهْلِهَا عَلَى شَرْطٍ شَارَطْتَهُمْ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنَّ لَكَ كُلَّ فَضْلٍ فِي حَرْثِهَا إِذَا وَفَيْتَ لَهُمْ وَ إِنَّكَ إِنْ رَمَمْتَ فِيهَا مَرَمَّةً وَ أَحْدَثْتَ فِيهَا بِنَاءً فَإِنَّ لَكَ أَجْرَ بُيُوتِهَا إِلَّا مَا كَانَ فِي أَيْدِي دَهَاقِينِهَا.
لَهُ صَاحِبُ الْأَرْضِ الَّذِي آجَرَهُ أَنَا أَدْخُلُ مَعَكَ فِيهَا بِمَا اسْتَأْجَرْتَ فَنُنْفِقُ جَمِيعاً[3] فَمَا كَانَ فِيهَا مِنْ فَضْلٍ كَانَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.
I asked Imam (as) about a man who rented land for one thousand dirhams, then subleased part of it for two hundred dirhams. Later, the owner of the land who had leased it to him said: "I will join you in it under the same terms you rented it, and we will spend on it together, and whatever profit it yields will be shared
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ مِنْ رَجُلٍ أَرْضاً فَقَالَ آجِرْنِيهَا بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا إِنْ زَرَعْتُهَا أَوْ لَمْ أَزْرَعْهَا أُعْطِيكَ ذَلِكَ فَلَمْ يَزْرَعِ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ بِمَالِهِ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ[1].
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who rented land from another man and said: "Rent it to me for such-and-such amount, whether I cultivate it or not, I will pay you that amount." However, the man did not cultivate the land. Imam (as) said: "The owner has the right to claim the payment. If he wishes, he may waive it,
وَ مَا الْأَرْبِعَاءُ قَالَ الشِّرْبُ وَ النِّطَافُ فَضْلُ الْمَاءِ[3] وَ لَكِنْ تَتَقَبَّلُهَا بِالذَّهَبِ وَ الْفِضَّةِ وَ النِّصْفِ وَ الثُّلُثِ وَ الرُّبُعِ.
"Do not rent land in exchange for dates, wheat, barley, water shares (arbi'a'), or surplus water (nitaaf)." I asked: "What is arbi'a'?" Imam (as) said: "It means water shares, and nitaaf refers to surplus water. However, you may lease the land for gold, silver, half, a third, or a quarter."
عَلَيْهِ الْكِرَى وَ يُقَوِّمُ صَاحِبُ الدَّارِ ذَلِكَ الْغَرْسَ وَ الزَّرْعَ فَيُعْطِيهِ الْغَارِسَ إِنْ كَانَ اسْتَأْمَرَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنِ اسْتَأْمَرَهُ فَعَلَيْهِ الْكِرَى وَ لَهُ الْغَرْسُ وَ الزَّرْعُ يَقْلَعُهُ وَ يَذْهَبُ بِهِ حَيْثُ شَاءَ.
Hadith.3896 - Muhammad bin Muslim narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Al-Baqir (as) regarding a man who rented a house that included a garden. The tenant planted crops, palm trees, and other fruit-bearing trees without seeking the landlord's permission. Imam (as) said: "He is responsible for paying the rent. The landlord sho
لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ لَنَا ضِيَاعاً وَ لَهَا الدُّولَابُ وَ فِيهَا مَرَاعِي وَ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنَّا غَنَمٌ وَ إِبِلٌ وَ يَحْتَاجُ إِلَى تِلْكَ الْمَرَاعِي لِغَنَمِهِ وَ إِبِلِهِ أَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ الْمَرَاعِيَ لِحَاجَتِهِ إِلَيْهَا قَالَ إِذَا كَانَتِ الْأَرْضُ أَرْضَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يَحْمِيَ وَ يُصَيِّرَ ذَلِكَ إِلَى مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْهِ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَبِيعُ الْمَرْعَى فَقَالَ إِذَا كَانَ
I said to him, "May I be your ransom, we have lands that contain waterwheels and pastures, and some of us have sheep and camels and need these pastures for them. Is it permissible for him to reserve the pastures for his own need?" Imam (as) said: "If the land is his, then he may reserve it and allocate it according to
لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أُشَارِكُ الْعِلْجَ الْمُشْرِكَ[2] فَيَكُونُ مِنْ عِنْدِي الْأَرْضُ وَ الْبَقَرُ وَ الْبَذْرُ وَ يَكُونُ عَلَى الْعِلْجِ الْقِيَامُ وَ السَّعْيُ وَ الْعَمَلُ فِي الزَّرْعِ حَتَّى يَصِيرَ حِنْطَةً أَوْ شَعِيراً وَ تَكُونُ الْقِسْمَةُ فَيَأْخُذُ السُّلْطَانُ حَظَّهُ[3] وَ يَبْقَى مَا بَقِيَ عَلَى أَنَّ لِلْعِلْجِ مِنْهُ الثُّلُثَ وَ لِيَ الْبَاقِيَ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قُلْتُ فَإِنَّ ع
I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "I partner with a non-Muslim (al-ilj) in such a way that the land, cattle, and seeds are provided by me, and the non-Muslim is responsible for managing, working, and cultivating the crops until they become wheat or barley. Afterward, harvest is divided, the authorities take their share, and
يَتَقَبَّلُ مِنْ أَهْلِهَا بِشَيْءٍ مُسَمًّى[6] إِلَى سِنِينَ مُسَمَّاةٍ فَيَعْمُرُ وَ يُؤَدِّي الْخَرَاجَ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهَا عُلُوجٌ فَلَا يُدْخِلِ الْعُلُوجَ فِي الْقَبَالَةِ فَإِنَّ ذَلِكَ لَا يَحِلُ[1].
Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a piece of land that a man wanted to lease. He was asked which form of leasing (qabalah) is permissible. Imam (as) said: "He may lease it from its owners for a specified amount and for a specified number of years. He should cultivate it and pay the required tax (kharaj). However, if th
لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ[2] إِنَّ الْأَرْضَ لَيْسَتْ مِثْلَ الْأَجِيرِ وَ لَا مِثْلَ الْبَيْتِ إِنَّ فَضْلَ الْأَجِيرِ وَ الْبَيْتِ حَرَامٌ[3].
Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who leases land from the landowners (dahaaqeen) and then subleases it for more than what he leased it for, while also being responsible for paying the taxes required by the authorities. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. Land is not like a hired worker or a rented house,
وَ لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا اسْتَأْجَرَ دَاراً بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ فَسَكَنَ ثُلُثَيْهَا وَ آجَرَ ثُلُثَهَا بِعَشَرَةِ دَرَاهِمَ لَمْ يَكُنْ بِهِ بَأْسٌ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يُؤَاجِرْهَا بِأَكْثَرَ مِمَّا اسْتَأْجَرَهَا[4].
Hadith.3901 - If a man rents a house for ten dirhams, lives in two-thirds of it, and subleases one-third of it for ten dirhams, there is no harm in that. However, he must not sublease it for more than what he rented it for.
وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع[5] عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَرْضاً مِنْ أَرْضِ الْخَرَاجِ
Hadith.3902 - Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who rented land from the kharaj lands for a specified amount of dirhams or a specified quantity of food. He then subleased it, piece by piece or plot by plot, for a known price, and gained a profit over what he rented it for from the authorities without spending any
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَانَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ إِذَا بِيعَ الْحَائِطُ وَ فِيهِ النَّخْلُ وَ الشَّجَرُ سَنَةً وَاحِدَةً فَلَا يُبَاعَنَّ حَتَّى يَبْلُغَ ثَمَرَتُهُ وَ إِذَا بِيعَ سَنَتَيْنِ أَوْ ثَلَاثاً فَلَا بَأْسَ بِبَيْعِهِ بَعْدَ أَنْ يَكُونَ فِيهِ شَيْءٌ مِنَ الْخَضِرِ[4].
Hadith.3903 - It is narrated from Abu Al-Rabi' who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) used to say: If an orchard containing palm trees and other trees is sold for one year, it should not be sold until its fruits have ripened. However, if it is sold for two or three years,
لَا يُسَمِّي بَقَراً وَ لَا بَذْراً وَ لَكِنْ يَقُولُ لِصَاحِبِ الْأَرْضِ أُزَارِعُكَ فِي أَرْضِكَ وَ لَكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا مِمَّا أَخْرَجَ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فِيهَا.
Hadith.3904 - It is narrated from Abu Al-Rabi', from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding a man who cultivates another man's land on the condition that one-third is allocated for the oxen, one-third for the seeds, and one-third for the landowner. Imam (as) said: "He should not specify shares for the oxen or the seeds. Instead,
قَالَ أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ وَ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي رَجُلٍ يَأْتِي أَهْلَ قَرْيَةٍ وَ قَدِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْهِمُ السُّلْطَانُ فَضَعُفُوا عَنِ الْقِيَامِ بِخَرَاجِهَا وَ الْقَرْيَةُ فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ لَا يُدْرَى لَهُمْ هِيَ أَمْ لِغَيْرِهِمْ فِيهَا شَيْءٌ فَيَدْفَعُونَهَا إِلَيْهِ عَلَى أَنْ يُؤَدِّيَ خَرَاجَهَا فَيَأْخُذُهَا مِنْهُمْ وَ يُؤَدِّي خَرَاجَهَا وَ يَفْضُلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْءٌ كَثِيرٌ فَقَالَ لَا
Hadith.3905 - Abu Al-Rabi' said that Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who comes to the people of a village that has been overburdened by the authorities, making them unable to pay its taxes. The village remains in their possession, but it is unclear whether it fully belongs to them or if others have a share in i
لَا بَأْسَ قَدْ قَبَّلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص- أَهْلَ خَيْبَرَ[1] أَعْطَاهَا الْيَهُودَ حِينَ فُتِحَتْ عَلَيْهِ بِالْخَبْرِ وَ الْخَبْرُ هُوَ النِّصْفُ[2].
I asked Imam (as) about farming partnerships with the people of kharaj lands based on a quarter, a third, or half of the yield. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it. Indeed, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) made an agreement with the Jews of Khaybar when it was conquered,
لَهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَسْمَعُ قَوْماً يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ الزِّرَاعَةَ مَكْرُوهَةٌ فَقَالَ ازْرَعُوا وَ اغْرِسُوا فَلَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا عَمِلَ النَّاسُ عَمَلًا أَحَلَّ وَ أَطْيَبَ مِنْهُ وَ اللَّهِ لَيَزْرَعُنَّ الزَّرْعَ وَ النَّخْلَ بَعْدَ خُرُوجِ الدَّجَّالِ[4].
Hadith.3907 - Muhammad bin Khalid narrated from Ibn Sayyabah, from Abu Abdillah (as): A man asked Imam (as): "May I be your ransom! I hear some people saying that farming is disliked." Imam (as) said: "Cultivate and plant! By Allah (swt), people have not engaged in any work more lawful and pure than this. By Allah (swt
لَا تَسْتَأْجِرِ الْأَرْضَ بِحِنْطَةٍ ثُمَّ تَزْرَعُهَا حِنْطَةً[1].
أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَزْرَعُ لَهُ الْحَرَّاثُ الزَّعْفَرَانَ وَ يَضْمَنُ لَهُ[3] عَلَى أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ فِي جَرِيبِ أَرْضٍ يَمْسَحُ عَلَيْهِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا دِرْهَماً[4] فَرُبَّمَا نَقَصَ وَ غَرِمَ وَ رُبَّمَا زَادَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا تَرَاضَيَا.
I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man whose farmer plants saffron for him and guarantees to pay him a specified amount of dirhams for each measured jarib of land. Sometimes the yield is less, causing a loss, and sometimes it is more, yielding a profit. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it if they mutually agree."
أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَتَكَارَى مِنَ الرَّجُلِ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ السَّفِينَةَ سَنَةً وَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَقَلَّ قَالَ الْكِرَى لَازِمٌ إِلَى الْوَقْتِ الَّذِي تَكَارَى إِلَيْهِ وَ الْخِيَارُ فِي أَخْذِ الْكِرَى إِلَى رَبِّهَا إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَ[5].
I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man who rents a house or a boat from another man for a year, more, or less. Imam (as) said: "The lease is binding until the agreed-upon time. As for the payment of the rent, it is up to the owner, if he wishes, he may take it, and if he wishes, he may waive it."
سَأَلَ عَلِيٌّ الصَّائِغُ[6] أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَقَالَ أَتَقَبَّلُ الْعَمَلَ فَأُقَبِّلُهُ مِنَ الْغِلْمَانِ يَعْمَلُونَ مَعِي بِالثُّلُثَيْنِ فَقَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَنْ تُعَالِجَ مَعَهُمْ قُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أُذِيبُهُ لَهُمْ[1] قَالَ ذَلِكَ عَمَلٌ فَلَا بَأْسَ.
Hadith.3911 - Ali the goldsmith asked Abu Abdillah (as): "I take on work and then hire young workers to assist me, giving them two-thirds of the earnings. Is this permissible?" Imam (as) said: "This is not permissible unless you work alongside them." I said: "What if I melt the gold for them?" Imam (as) said: "That is
لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَتَقَبَّلُ الثِّيَابَ أَخِيطُهَا فَأُعْطِيهَا الْغِلْمَانَ بِالثُّلُثَيْنِ قَالَ أَ لَيْسَ تَعْمَلُ فِيهَا قُلْتُ أُقَطِّعُهَا وَ أَشْتَرِي لَهُمُ الْخُيُوطَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.
I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "I take on garments to sew and then give them to young workers, keeping one-third and giving them two-thirds. Is this permissible?" Imam (as) said: "Don't you also work on them?" I said: "I cut the fabric and buy the threads for them." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."
تُكَارِي هَذَا الْبَيْتَ قُلْتُ بَيْنَهُمَا بَابٌ وَ أَنَا شَابٌّ قَالَتْ أَنَا أُغْلِقُ الْبَابَ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ فَحَوَّلْتُ مَتَاعِي فِيهِ وَ قُلْتُ لَهَا أَغْلِقِي الْبَابَ فَقَالَتْ تَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ مِنْهُ الرَّوْحُ دَعْهُ فَقُلْتُ لَا أَنَا شَابٌّ وَ أَنْتِ شَابَّةٌ أَغْلِقِيهِ قَالَتِ اقْعُدْ أَنْتَ فِي بَيْتِكَ فَلَسْتُ آتِيكَ وَ لَا أَقْرَبُكَ وَ أَبَتْ أَنْ تُغْلِقَهُ فَأَتَيْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فَ
I entered Medina looking for a house to rent. I came across a property with two rooms separated by a door, and a woman was living there. She said: "Would you like to rent this room?" I said: "But there is a door between the two rooms, and I am a young man." She said: "I will close the door between me and you." So, I mo
وَ كَتَبَ أَبُو هَمَّامٍ إِلَى أَبِي اَلْحَسَنِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ : فِي رَجُلٍ اِسْتَأْجَرَ ضَيْعَةً مِنْ رَجُلٍ فَبَاعَ اَلْمُؤَاجِرُ تِلْكَ اَلضَّيْعَةَ بِحَضْرَةِ اَلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ وَ لَمْ يُنْكِرِ اَلْمُسْتَأْجِرُ اَلْبَيْعَ وَ كَانَ حَاضِراً لَهُ شَاهِداً عَلَيْهِ فَمَاتَ اَلْمُشْتَرِي وَ لَهُ وَرَثَةٌ هَلْ يَرْجِعُ ذَلِكَ اَلشَّيْءُ فِي مِيرَاثِ اَلْمَيِّتِ أَوْ يَثْبُتُ فِي يَدِ اَلْمُسْتَأْجِرِ إِلَى أَنْ ت
Hadith.3914 - Abu Hammam wrote to Abu Al-Hasan (as) regarding a man who rented a property from another man. The landlord then sold the property in the presence of the tenant, who did not object to the sale and witnessed it. The buyer later died, leaving heirs. The question was whether the property would revert to the h
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ اخْتَارَ لِأَنْبِيَائِهِ ع الْحَرْثَ وَ الزَّرْعَ لِئَلَّا يَكْرَهُوا شَيْئاً مِنْ قَطْرِ السَّمَاءِ[2].
I heard Abu Abdillah (as) say: "Indeed, Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious, chose farming and cultivation for His prophets (peace be upon them) so that they would not dislike anything from the rainfall."