Parents

الْعَسْكَرِيَّ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَوْصَى بِثُلُثِهِ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ فَقَالَ ثُلُثِي بَعْدَ مَوْتِي بَيْنَ مَوَالِيَّ وَ مَوْلَيَاتِي وَ لِأَبِيهِ مَوَالٍ يُدْخَلُونَ مَوَالِي أَبِيهِ فِي وَصِيَّتِهِ بِمَا يُسَمَّوْنَ مَوَالِيَهُ أَمْ لَا يُدْخَلُونَ فَكَتَبَ ع لَا يُدْخَلُونَ‌[2].

"I asked Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as), about a man who bequeathed one-third of his wealth after his death, saying, "My one-third after my death is to be divided among my male and female servants." This man also had servants inherited from his father. Should the servants of his father be included in this bequest, b

هُوَ شَيْ‌ءٌ جَعَلَهُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ لِصَاحِبِ هَذَا الْأَمْرِ[3] قُلْتُ فَهَلْ لِذَلِكَ حَدٌّ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ قُلْتُ وَ مَا هُوَ قَالَ أَدْنَى مَا يَكُونُ ثُلُثُ الثُّلُثِ.

Hadith.5562 - Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Yahya narrated from Muhammad ibn Isa from Muhammad ibn Sinan from Ammar ibn Marwan from Sama'ah ibn Mehran from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious: "The will is for the parents and close relatives in a fair manner; it is an obligation u

إِلَيْهِ‌[3] جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ لَيْسَ لِي وَلَدٌ وَ لِي ضِيَاعٌ وَرِثْتُهَا عَنْ أَبِي وَ بَعْضُهَا اسْتَفَدْتُهَا وَ لَا آمَنُ مِنَ الْحَدَثَانِ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِي وَلَدٌ وَ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَمَا تَرَى جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ أَنْ أَقِفَ بَعْضَهَا عَلَى فُقَرَاءِ إِخْوَانِي وَ الْمُسْتَضْعَفِينَ أَوْ أَبِيعَهَا وَ أَتَصَدَّقَ بِثَمَنِهَا فِي حَيَاتِي عَلَيْهِمْ فَإِنِّي أَتَخَوَّفُ أَنْ لَا يُنْفَذَ الْوَقْفُ بَعْدَ م

I wrote to Imam (as) - may I be your sacrifice - saying, "I have no children, and I possess estates that I inherited from my father and some that I acquired myself. I do not feel secure from unforeseen events. If I remain childless and something happens to me, what do you advise - may I be your sacrifice - should I ded

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ وَقَفَ غَلَّةً لَهُ عَلَى قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ قَرَابَةٍ مِنْ أُمِّهِ‌ وَ أَوْصَى لِرَجُلٍ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ مِنْ تِلْكَ الْغَلَّةِ لَيْسَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُ قَرَابَةٌ بِثَلَاثِمِائَةِ دِرْهَمٍ كُلَّ سَنَةٍ وَ يُقْسَمُ الْبَاقِي عَلَى قَرَابَتِهِ مِنْ أَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ قَالَ جَائِزٌ لِلَّذِي أَوْصَى لَهُ بِذَلِكَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ مِنْ غَلَّةِ الْأَرْضِ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who endowed the yield of his property for his relatives from his father's side and his mother's side. He also made a bequest for a man and his descendants - who had no relation to him - to receive three hundred dirhams annually from that yield, with the remainder to be distributed

إِذَا لَمْ يَقْبِضُوا حَتَّى يَمُوتَ فَهِيَ مِيرَاثٌ فَإِنْ تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَنْ لَمْ يُدْرِكْ مِنْ وُلْدِهِ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ لِأَنَّ الْوَالِدَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَلِي أَمْرَهُمْ‌[1] وَ قَالَ ع لَا يَرْجِعْ فِي الصَّدَقَةِ إِذَا تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ‌[2].

Hadith.5585 - Al-Husayn ibn Sa'id narrated from Al-Nadr, from Al-Qasim ibn Sulayman, from Ubayd ibn Zurara, who reported from Abu Abdullah (as), that he said regarding a man who gave charity to his children who had reached maturity: "If they do not take possession of it before his death, then it becomes inheritance. Bu

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنَّ وَالِدِي تَصَدَّقَ عَلَيَّ بِدَارٍ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِيهَا وَ إِنَّ قُضَاتَنَا يَقْضُونَ لِي بِهَا فَقَالَ نِعْمَ مَا قَضَتْ بِهِ قُضَاتُكُمْ وَ لَبِئْسَ مَا صَنَعَ وَالِدُكَ إِنَّمَا الصَّدَقَةُ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَمَا جُعِلَ لِلَّهِ فَلَا رَجْعَةَ فِيهِ لَهُ‌[5] فَإِنْ أَنْتَ خَاصَمْتَهُ فَلَا تَرْفَعْ عَلَيْهِ صَوْتَكَ وَ إِنْ رَفَعَ صَوْتَهُ‌ فَاخْفِضْ أَنْتَ صَوْ

I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "My father gave me a house in charity, but later he wanted to take it back. However, our judges ruled in my favor." Imam (as) replied: "What your judges ruled is correct, but what your father did was wrong. Charity is for Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, and whatever is given for Allah

وَ رَوَى رِبْعِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ تَصَدَّقَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع بِدَارِهِ الَّتِي فِي الْمَدِينَةِ فِي بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ‌[2] فَكَتَبَ‌ بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمنِ الرَّحِيمِ* هَذَا مَا تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَ هُوَ حَيٌّ سَوِيٌّ تَصَدَّقَ بِدَارِهِ الَّتِي فِي بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ صَدَقَةً لَا تُبَاعُ وَ لَا تُوهَبُ وَ لَا تُورَثُ حَتَّى

"The Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), peace be upon him, donated his house in Medina located in the area of Banu Zurayq. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) wrote: 'In the name of Allah (swt), the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate. This is what Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) donates while He (as) is alive an

لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ أُمِّي تَصَدَّقَتْ عَلَيَّ بِنَصِيبٍ لَهَا فِي دَارٍ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا إِنَّ الْقُضَاةَ لَا يُجِيزُونَ هَذَا وَ لَكِنِ اكْتُبِيهِ شِرًى فَقَالَتْ اصْنَعْ مِنْ ذَلِكَ مَا بَدَا لَكَ وَ كُلَّمَا تَرَى أَنَّهُ يَسُوغُ لَكَ فَتَوَثَّقْتُ‌[6] فَأَرَادَ بَعْضُ الْوَرَثَةِ أَنْ يَسْتَحْلِفَنِي أَنِّي قَدْ نَقَدْتُ هَذَا الثَّمَنَ وَ لَمْ أَنْقُدْهَا شَيْئاً فَمَا تَرَى قَالَ احْلِفْ لَهُ.

I said to Abu Al-Hasan (as): "My mother gave me her share in a house as charity. I told her that the judges do not approve of this, but if you write it as a sale, it would be accepted." She replied: "Do whatever you think is appropriate and whatever seems permissible to you." So, I secured it accordingly. Later, one of

يُقَوَّمُ‌ ذَلِكَ قِيمَةً فَيُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ ثَمَنُهُ‌[1].

Hadith.5590 - Muhammad ibn Sulayman Al-Daylami narrated from his father, who narrated from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as). He said: I asked Imam (as) about a man who donates part of his house to a stranger and then dies. Imam (as) replied: "It should be appraised for its value, and its price should

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ السِّنْدِيِّ عَنْ صَفْوَانَ بْنِ يَحْيَى عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ الْحَجَّاجِ قَالَ‌ أَوْصَى أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع بِهَذِهِ الصَّدَقَةِ هَذَا مَا تَصَدَّقَ بِهِ مُوسَى بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ع تَصَدَّقَ بِأَرْضِهِ فِي مَكَانِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا كُلِّهَا وَ حَدُّ الْأَرْضِ‌

Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) made this endowment: "This is what Musa ibn Jafar (as) has endowed. He (as) has endowed all His (as) land in such and such a place. The boundary of the land is such and such. He (as) has endowed all of it, including its palm trees, land, water channels, water, mills, righ

هِيَ لَهُ وَ لِعَقِبِهِ كَمَا شَرَطَ قُلْتُ فَإِنِ احْتَاجَ إِلَى بَيْعِهَا يَبِيعُهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَيَنْقُضُ بَيْعُهُ الدَّارَ السُّكْنَى قَالَ لَا يَنْقُضُ الْبَيْعُ السُّكْنَى كَذَلِكَ سَمِعْتُ أَبِي ع يَقُولُ قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع لَا يَنْقُضُ الْبَيْعُ الْإِجَارَةَ وَ لَا السُّكْنَى وَ لَكِنَّهُ يَبِيعُهُ عَلَى أَنَّ الَّذِي يَشْتَرِيهِ لَا يَمْلِكُ مَا اشْتَرَى حَتَّى يَنْقَضِيَ السُّكْنَى عَلَى مَا شَ

I asked Imam (as) about a man who granted residence in his house to another man for the duration of his life or made it for him and his descendants after him. Imam (as) said: "It belongs to him and his descendants as stipulated." I asked: "If he needs to sell it, can he sell it?" Imam (as) replied: "Yes." I asked: "Doe

حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ قَالَ‌

My father narrated to me from Muhammad ibn Ishaq, who said: Al-Zuhri narrated from Ubaydullah ibn Abdullah ibn Utbah, who said: I sat with Ibn Abbas, and the topic of inheritance shares was brought up. Ibn Abbas said: "Glory be to Allah (swt) the Almighty! Do you think that the One who has counted the grains of the san

قَالَ الْفَضْلُ وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ الْعَدَنِيُ‌[4] صَاحِبُ سُفْيَانَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ الْكُوفِيُّ صَاحِبُ أَبِي يُوسُفَ عَنْ أَبِي يُوسُفَ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا لَيْثُ بْنُ أَبِي سُلَيْمٍ‌[5] عَنْ أَبِي عَمْرٍو الْعَبْدِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ سُلَيْمَانَ‌[6] عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع أَنَّهُ كَانَ يَقُولُ‌

Layth ibn Abi Sulaym narrated from Abu Amr Al-Abdi, from Ibn Sulayman, from Imam Ali ibn Abi Ṭalib (as), who used to say: "The shares of inheritance are from six portions: two-thirds is four portions, half is three portions, one-third is two portions, one-fourth is one and a half portions, and one-eighth is three-fourt

إِنَّمَا صَارَتْ سِهَامُ الْمَوَارِيثِ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَسْهُمٍ لَا يَزِيدُ عَلَيْهَا لِأَنَّ الْإِنْسَانَ خُلِقَ مِنْ سِتَّةِ أَشْيَاءَ وَ هُوَ قَوْلُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ وَ لَقَدْ خَلَقْنَا الْإِنْسانَ مِنْ سُلالَةٍ مِنْ طِينٍ الْآيَةَ[3]. وَ عِلَّةٌ أُخْرَى[4] وَ هِيَ أَنَّ أَهْلَ الْمَوَارِيثِ الَّذِينَ يَرِثُونَ أَبَداً وَ لَا يُسْقَطُونَ سِتَّةٌ الْأَبَوَانِ وَ الِابْنُ وَ الْبِنْتُ وَ الزَّوْجُ وَ الزَّوْجَةُ

لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ الثَّانِي ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ رَجُلٌ هَلَكَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ عَمَّهُ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ قَالَ وَ قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ ابْنَةً لَهُ وَ أَخاً أَوْ قَالَ ابْنَ أَخِيهِ قَالَ فَسَكَتَ طَوِيلًا[3] ثُمَّ قَالَ الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ.

I said to Abu Ja'far Al-Thani (as): "May I be sacrificed for you! A man has died and left behind his daughter and his paternal uncle." Imam (as) replied: "The entire wealth belongs to the daughter." Al-Bazanti further said: I asked Imam (as), "A man has died and left behind his daughter and a (his) brother", or he said

الْمَالُ لِلِابْنَةِ[5] وَ لَيْسَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ شَيْ‌ءٌ.

Hadith.5609 - It is narrated by Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Zurara from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding a man who passed away and left behind his daughter and his full sister (sister from his father and mother). Imam (as) said: "The wealth belongs to the daughter, and the full si

لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ لِلْأَبِ الثُّلُثَانِ.

Hadith.5611 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Ri'ab from Zurara from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) regarding a man who passed away and left behind his parents. Imam (as) said: "The mother receives one-third, and the father receives two-thirds."

وَ قَرَأْتُ فِيهَا رَجُلٌ تَرَكَ ابْنَتَهُ وَ أَبَاهُ لِلْبِنْتِ النِّصْفُ وَ لِلْأَبِ سَهْمٌ يُقْسَمُ الْمَالُ عَلَى أَرْبَعَةِ أَسْهُمٍ فَمَا أَصَابَ ثَلَاثَةً فَهُوَ لِلِابْنَةِ وَ مَا أَصَابَ سَهْماً فَلِلْأَبِ‌[5] وَ إِنْ تَرَكَ أَبَوَيْنِ وَ ابْناً وَ ابْنَةً أَوْ بَنِينَ وَ بَنَاتٍ فَلِلْأَبَوَيْنِ السُّدُسَانِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْبَنِينَ وَ الْبَنَاتِ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ اب

Hadith.5614 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Umar ibn Udhayna from Muhammad ibn Muslim that Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) had him read the "Scroll of Inheritance Shares," which was dictated by the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and written by Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as

"فِي زَوْجٍ وَ أَبَوَيْنِ وَ اِبْنَةٍ فَلِلزَّوْجِ اَلرُّبُعُ ثَلاَثَةٌ مِنِ اِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ وَ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ اَلسُّدُسَانِ أَرْبَعَةٌ مِنِ اِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ وَ بَقِيَ خَمْسَةُ أَسْهُمٍ فَهِيَ لِلاِبْنَةِ لِأَنَّهَا لَوْ كَانَتْ ذَكَراً لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ كَانَتَا اِبْنَتَيْنِ فَلَيْسَ لَهُمَا غَيْرُ مَا بَقِيَ خَمْسَةٌ".

Hadith.5615 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated that Ibn Udhayna said: I said to Zurara, "I heard Muhammad ibn Muslim and Bukayr narrate from Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (as): 'In the case of a husband, two parents, and a daughter, the husband receives one-fourth, which is three shares out of twelve, and the two parents each

وَ رَوَى مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ قَالَ‌ أَقْرَأَنِي أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع صَحِيفَةَ الْفَرَائِضِ الَّتِي هِيَ إِمْلَاءُ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص وَ خَطُّ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع بِيَدِهِ فَقَرَأْتُ فِيهَا امْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَوَيْهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأَبِ السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ‌[2].

"Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) read to me the 'Book of Inheritance', which was dictated by the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and written in the handwriting of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as). I read in it: A woman passes away, leaving behind her husband and both parents. The in

لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ امْرَأَتَهُ وَ أَبَوَيْهِ قَالَ لِامْرَأَتِهِ الرُّبُعُ وَ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَتِ امْرَأَةٌ زَوْجَهَا وَ أُمَّهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأُمِّ فَإِنْ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ أَبَاهَا فَلِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ فَلِلْأَبِ.

I asked Imam (as) about a man who passed away and left behind his wife and both his parents. Imam (as) replied: "The wife receives one-fourth of the inheritance, the mother receives one-third, and whatever remains goes to the father. If a woman passes away leaving behind her husband and her mother, the husband receives

وَ بَنَاتُ الِابْنِ يَقُمْنَ مَقَامَ الِابْنِ إِذَا لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمَيِّتِ وَلَدٌ وَ لَا وَارِثٌ غَيْرَهُنَ‌[4]. فَإِذَا تَرَكَ الرَّجُلُ ابْنَ ابْنَةٍ وَ ابْنَةَ ابْنٍ فَلِابْنِ الِابْنَةِ الثُّلُثُ وَ لِابْنَةِ الِابْنِ الثُّلُثَانِ- لِأَنَّ كُلَّ ذِي رَحِمٍ يَأْخُذُ نَصِيبَ الَّذِي يَجُرُّهُ.

لِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ ص‌ أَعْيَانُ بَنِي الْأُمِّ أَحَقُّ بِالْمِيرَاثِ مِنْ وُلْدِ الْعَلَّاتِ‌[3]. فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ وَ أَخَوَاتٍ لِأَبٍ وَ ابْنِ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ فَلِلْأَخَوَاتِ لِلْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثَانِ وَ مَا بَقِيَ رَدٌّ عَلَيْهِنَّ لِأَنَّهُنَّ أَقْرَبُ الْأَرْحَامِ فَإِنْ تَرَكَ أَخاً لِأَبٍ وَ ابْنَ أَخٍ لِأَبٍ وَ أُمٍّ فَالْمَالُ كُلُّهُ لِلْأَخِ مِنَ الْأَبِ لِأَنَّهُ أَقْرَبُ بِبَطْ

Hadith.5621 - The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) said: "The full siblings from the same mother are more entitled to inheritance than the paternal half-siblings." [AL SADUQ] If a person leaves behind full sisters (from the same father and mother), paternal sisters (from the same father only), a

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع امْرَأَةٌ مَاتَتْ وَ تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأُمِّهَا وَ إِخْوَتَهَا لِأَبِيهَا[1] فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ لِلْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ الذَّكَرُ وَ الْأُنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَ بَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ وَ الْأَخَوَاتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌.

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman who died and left behind her husband, maternal brothers, and paternal brothers. Imam (as) said: "The husband receives half of the inheritance, which is three shares. The maternal brothers receive one-third, with males and females sharing equally. The remaining share goes to the p

لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ سَهْمَانِ وَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ سَهْمٌ‌[3] فَقَالَ لَهُ الرَّجُلُ فَإِنَّ فَرَائِضَ‌ زَيْدٍ[1] وَ فَرَائِضَ الْعَامَّةِ عَلَى غَيْرِ هَذَا يَا أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ يَقُولُونَ لِلْأُخْتِ مِنَ الْأَبِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ هِيَ مِنْ سِتَّةٍ تَعُولُ إِلَى ثَمَانِيَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع وَ لِمَ قَالُوا هَذَا فَقَالَ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلّ

Hadith.5623 - A man came to Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and asked him about a woman who passed away, leaving behind her husband, maternal brothers, and a paternal sister. Imam (as) said: "The husband receives half of the inheritance, which is three shares. The maternal brothers receive two shares, and

الْجَدُّ وَ الْجَدَّةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأَبِ وَ الْجَدُّ وَ الْجَدَّةُ مِنْ قِبَلِ الْأُمِّ كُلُّهُمْ يَرِثُونَ.

وَ رَوَى الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ أَبِي عُمَيْرٍ عَنْ جَمِيلٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الْأَبِ السُّدُسَ وَ ابْنُهَا حَيٌّ- وَ أَطْعَمَ الْجَدَّةَ أُمَّ الْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ ابْنَتُهَا حَيَّةٌ[1].

"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) granted the paternal grandmother (the father's mother) one-sixth of the inheritance while her son was alive, and he granted the maternal grandmother (the mother's mother) one-sixth while her daughter was alive."

حَدَّثَنِي حَمَّادُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَصْرِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّ ابْنَتِي مَاتَتْ وَ أُمِّي حَيَّةٌ فَقَالَ أَبَانُ بْنُ تَغْلِبَ لَيْسَ لَهَا شَيْ‌ءٌ فَقَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ أَعْطِهَا سَهْماً يَعْنِي السُّدُسَ‌[2].

Hadith.5627 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr Al-Bazanti narrated, saying: Hammad ibn Uthman narrated from Abdur Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah Al-Basri from Abu Abdullah (as). He said: I said to him, "My daughter has passed away while my mother is still alive." Aban ibn Taghlib said: "She (the grandmother) has no share." Ima

لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسُ‌[2] وَ لِلْجَدَّةِ السُّدُسُ وَ مَا بَقِيَ وَ هُوَ الثُّلُثَانِ لِلْأَبِ.

Hadith.5630 - Yaqub ibn Yazid narrated from Yahya ibn Al-Mubarak from Abdullah ibn Jabalah from Abu Jamilah from Ishaq ibn Ammar from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding the case of a deceased person who left behind both parents and a maternal grandmother. Imam (as) said: "The mother receives one-sixth, the grandmother receive

وَ رَوَى أَبَانٌ عَنْ بُكَيْرٍ وَ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع‌[4] قَالَ‌ لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ وَ هُوَ شَرِيكُ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ‌[1].

"The maternal siblings are entitled to one-third of the inheritance along with the grandfather, and the grandfather shares the inheritance with the paternal siblings."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأُمِّهِ وَ لَمْ يَتْرُكْ وَارِثاً غَيْرَهُ فَقَالَ الْمَالُ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ مَعَ الْأَخِ لِلْأُمِّ جَدٌّ فَقَالَ يُعْطَى الْأَخُ لِلْأُمِّ السُّدُسَ وَ يُعْطَى الْجَدُّ الْبَاقِيَ‌[2].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who passed away leaving only his maternal brother as an heir and no other inheritor. Imam (as) said: "The entire estate belongs to him." I then asked: "What if there is also a grandfather along with the maternal brother?" Imam (as) replied: "The maternal brother is given one-sixth,

لِلْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأُمِّ فَرِيضَتُهُمُ الثُّلُثُ مَعَ الْجَدِّ[3].

I asked Imam (as) about the maternal siblings inheriting alongside the grandfather. Imam (as) said: "The prescribed share for the maternal siblings is one-third, even when the grandfather is present."

إِنَّ فِي كِتَابِ عَلِيٍّ ع أَنَّ الْإِخْوَةَ مِنَ الْأُمِّ يَرِثُونَ مَعَ الْجَدِّ الثُّلُثَ.

Hadith.5636 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Khalid ibn Jarir from Abu Al-Rabi from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding the grandfather inheriting alongside maternal siblings. Imam (as) said: "Indeed, in the Book of Ali (as), it is written that 'the maternal siblings inherit one-third along with the grandfather.'"

الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا سَوَاءٌ[4].

I asked Imam (as) about a paternal brother and a grandfather (in matters of inheritance). Imam (as) replied: "The inheritance is divided equally between them."

وَ رَوَى ابْنُ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ خَالِدِ بْنِ جَرِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع يُوَرِّثُ الْأَخَ مِنَ الْأَبِ مَعَ الْجَدِّ يُنَزِّلُهُ بِمَنْزِلَتِهِ‌[1].

"Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) used to make the paternal brother inherit alongside the grandfather, placing him in the same position as the grandfather."

وَ رَوَى ابْنُ أُذَيْنَةَ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ وَ بُكَيْرٍ وَ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ وَ الْفُضَيْلِ وَ بُرَيْدِ بْنِ مُعَاوِيَةَ عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع‌ أَنَّ الْجَدَّ مَعَ الْإِخْوَةِ مِنَ الْأَبِ مِثْلُ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ[2].

"The grandfather, when inheriting alongside the paternal siblings, is considered as one of the brothers."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ أَخَاهُ لِأَبِيهِ وَ أُمِّهِ وَ جَدَّهُ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ أَخَوَيْنِ كَانَا أَوْ مِائَةً فَالْجَدُّ مَعَهُمْ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمْ لِلْجَدِّ مِثْلُ نَصِيبِ وَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ[3].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who died and left behind his full brother (from the same father and mother) and his grandfather. Imam (as) said: "The inheritance is divided among them as if they were two brothers or even a hundred. The grandfather is considered as one of them; he receives a share equal to that of

الْجَدُّ كَوَاحِدٍ مِنَ الْإِخْوَةِ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمْ‌ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ‌.

I asked Imam (as) about a man who passed away and left behind brothers and sisters from both his father and mother, along with a grandfather. Imam (as) said: "The grandfather is considered as one of the brothers, and the inheritance is divided among them with the male receiving the share equal to that of two females."

الْمَالُ لِلْجَدِّ[2].

Hadith.5646 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Riʾab from Abu Ubaydah from Abu Jafar (as) who was asked about a paternal cousin and a grandfather (regarding inheritance). Imam (as) said: "The entire inheritance belongs to the grandfather."

لَهُ ابْنُ أَخٍ وَ جَدٌّ قَالَ الْمَالُ بَيْنَهُمَا نِصْفَانِ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a paternal nephew and a grandfather (regarding inheritance). Imam (as) said: "The inheritance is divided equally between them, half and half."

فِي رَجُلٍ تَرَكَ خَالَتَيْهِ وَ مَوَالِيَهُ قَالَ أُولُوا الْأَرْحامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلى بِبَعْضٍ الْمَالُ بَيْنَ الْخَالَتَيْنِ[3].

سَأَلَ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عُتَيْبَةَ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع‌- عَنِ الصَّبِيِّ يَسْقُطُ مِنْ أُمِّهِ غَيْرَ مُسْتَهِلٍّ أَ يُوَرَّثُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ فَأَعَادَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِذَا تَحَرَّكَ تَحَرُّكاً بَيِّناً وُرِّثَ فَإِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا كَانَ أَخْرَسَ‌[2].

Al-Hakam ibn Utaibah asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a child who is born from his mother without letting out a cry - does he inherit? Imam (as) turned away from him. When he repeated the question, Imam (as) said: "If the child moves with clear movement, he inherits, for it is possible that he

فَمَرَّ بِهَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ع وَ أَصْحَابُهُ وَ هِيَ مَطْرُوحَةٌ وَ وَلَدُهَا عَلَى الطَّرِيقِ قَالَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ عَنْ أَمْرِهَا فَقَالُوا لَهُ إِنَّهَا كَانَتْ حَامِلًا فَفَزِعَتْ حِينَ رَأَتِ الْقِتَالَ وَ الْهَزِيمَةَ فَسَأَلَهُمْ أَيُّهُمَا مَاتَ قَبْلَ صَاحِبِهِ فَقَالُوا إِنَّ ابْنَهَا مَاتَ قَبْلَهَا قَالَ فَدَعَا زَوْجَهَا أَبَا الْغُلَامِ الْمَيِّتِ فَوَرَّثَهُ مِنِ ابْنِهِ ثُلُثَيِ الدِّيَةِ وَ

'When Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) defeated Talhah and Al-Zubayr, the people fled in retreat. As they were fleeing, they passed by a pregnant woman on the roadside. She was frightened by them and miscarried her child, who was born alive but convulsed until he died. The woman herself also passed away shortly after. Imam

"إِذَا كَانَ أَبَوَاهُمَا اَللَّذَانِ زَوَّجَاهُمَا فَنَعَمْ".

He asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a boy being married to a girl - do they inherit from one another? Imam (as) said: "If it was their parents who arranged their marriage, then yes, they do inherit from each other."

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الْغُلَامُ لَهُ عَشْرُ سِنِينَ فَيُزَوِّجُهُ أَبُوهُ فِي صِغَرِهِ أَ يَجُوزُ طَلَاقُهُ وَ هُوَ ابْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ قَالَ فَقَالَ أَمَّا التَّزْوِيجُ فَصَحِيحٌ وَ أَمَّا طَلَاقُهُ فَيَنْبَغِي أَنْ تُحْبَسَ عَلَيْهِ امْرَأَتُهُ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَ فَيُعْلَمَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ قَدْ طَلَّقَ فَإِنْ أَقَرَّ بِذَلِكَ وَ أَمْضَاهُ فَهِيَ وَاحِدَةٌ بَائِنَةٌ وَ هُوَ خَاطِبٌ مِنَ الْخُطَّابِ وَ إِنْ أَنْكَرَ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a boy who is ten years old and his father marries him off while he is still young. Is his divorce valid if he divorces at the age of ten? Imam (as) replied: "As for the marriage, it is valid. However, regarding the divorce, his wife should remain with him until he reaches maturity. Then

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع هُوَ لِأَقْرَبِ النَّاسِ إِلَى أَبِيهِ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a disowned son (makhlooh) whose father publicly renounces him before the authorities and disclaims both his inheritance and responsibility for his actions. I asked: "Who inherits from him (the father)?" Imam (as) replied: "Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled: 'His inheritance goes to the closest r

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ لَا يُوَرَّثُ الْحَمِيلُ إِلَّا بِبَيِّنَةٍ قَالَ وَ الْحَمِيلُ هُوَ الَّذِي تَأْتِي‌ بِهِ الْمَرْأَةُ حُبْلَى قَدْ سُبِيَتْ وَ هِيَ حُبْلَى فَيَعْرِفُهُ بِذَلِكَ بَعْدُ أَبُوهُ أَوْ أَخُوهُ‌[1].

Hadith.5675 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ibn Mihzam, from Talhah ibn Zayd, who said that Abu Abdullah (as) said: "Child in the womb (hamil) will not inherit except with clear evidence." Imam (as) explained: "The hamil is the child carried by a pregnant woman who was captured while pregnant, and later the father

إِنِّي ابْتُلِيتُ بِأَمْرٍ عَظِيمٍ إِنَ‌ لِي جَارِيَةً كُنْتُ أَطَأُهَا فَوَطِئْتُهَا يَوْماً وَ خَرَجْتُ فِي حَاجَةٍ لِي بَعْدَ مَا اغْتَسَلْتُ مِنْهَا وَ نَسِيتُ نَفَقَةً لِي فَرَجَعْتُ إِلَى الْمَنْزِلِ لآِخُذَهَا فَوَجَدْتُ غُلَامِي عَلَى بَطْنِهَا فَعَدَدْتُ لَهَا مِنْ يَوْمِي ذَلِكَ تِسْعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ فَوَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً فَقَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَكَ أَنْ تَقْرَبَهَا وَ لَا أَنْ تَبِيعَهَا وَ لَكِنْ أَنْفِقْ عَلَي

"A man from the Ansar came to my father (as) and said: 'I have been afflicted with a great matter. I had a maid whom I used to have relations with. One day, after being intimate with her, I went out for some of my needs after performing ghusl. I later realized I had forgotten some of my provisions, so I returned home t

أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ أَقَرَّ بِوَلَدِهِ ثُمَّ انْتَفَى مِنْهُ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ ذَلِكَ وَ لَا كَرَامَةَ يُلْحَقُ بِهِ وَلَدُهُ إِذَا كَانَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ أَوْ وَلِيدَتِهِ[1].

لَا يَرِثُهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ لِلْقَاتِلِ ابْنٌ وَرِثَ الْجَدَّ الْمَقْتُولَ.

Hadith.5683 - Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Ibn Abi Umayr, from Jamil, from one of the two Imams (peace be upon them), regarding a man who killed his father. Imam (as) said: "He does not inherit from him. However, if the killer has a son, the son inherits from the murdered grandfather."