Fasting

كُلٌّ وَاسِعٌ مَا لَمْ يُؤْذِ أَحَداً.

Hadith.2842 - Sa'id al-A'raj asked Imam (as) about those who are fast and those who are slow in circumambulation. Imam (as) replied: "Both are permissible as long as no one is harmed."

لَيْسَ لَهُمْ مَا يَذْبَحُونَ عَنْهُ‌[3] قَالَ يُذْبَحُ عَنِ الصِّغَارِ وَ يَصُومُ الْكِبَارُ[4] وَ يُتَّقَى عَلَيْهِمْ‌[5] مَا يُتَّقَى عَلَى الْمُحْرِمِ مِنَ الثِّيَابِ وَ الطِّيبِ فَإِنْ قَتَلَ صَيْداً فَعَلَى أَبِيهِ‌[6].

"If a man takes his young child for Hajj, he instructs him to recite the Talbiyah and obligates the Hajj upon him. If the child cannot recite the Talbiyah properly, the father recites it on his behalf. The child is carried for Tawaf, and prayers are performed on his behalf." I asked: "What if they do not have the means

وَ رَوَى مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ انْظُرُوا مَنْ كَانَ مَعَكُمْ مِنَ الصِّبْيَانِ فَقَدِّمُوهُ إِلَى الْجُحْفَةِ أَوْ إِلَى بَطْنِ مَرٍّ[5] وَ يُصْنَعُ بِهِمْ مَا يُصْنَعُ بِالْمُحْرِمِ وَ يُطَافُ بِهِمْ وَ يُرْمَى عَنْهُمْ وَ مَنْ لَا يَجِدُ الْهَدْيَ مِنْهُمْ فَلْيَصُمْ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَضَعُ السِّكِّينَ فِي يَدِ الصَّبِيِّ ثُمَّ يَقْبِضُ عَلَ

"Look at the children who are with you. Take them to Al-Juhfah or Batn Marr, and treat them as you would treat those in the state of Ihram. Perform Tawaf for them, throw (the pebbles) on their behalf, and if they cannot offer the sacrifice, their guardian should fast on their behalf. Imam Ali ibn Al-Husayn (as) used to

عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُضَحِّيَ‌ عَنْهُمْ‌[1] قُلْتُ فَإِنَّهُ أَعْطَاهُمْ دَرَاهِمَ فَبَعْضُهُمْ ضَحَّى وَ بَعْضُهُمْ أَمْسَكَ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَ صَامَ قَالَ قَدْ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُمْ وَ هُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ تَرَكَهَا[2] قَالَ قَالَ وَ لَوْ أَنَّهُ أَمَرَهُمْ فَصَامُوا كَانَ قَدْ أَجْزَأَ عَنْهُمْ‌[3].

Hadith.2897 - It was narrated that Sama'ah asked Imam (as) about a man who instructed his servants to perform Tamattu‘ (Umrah and Hajj combined). Imam (as) said: "It is incumbent upon him to offer the sacrifice on their behalf." I said: "What if he gave them dirhams, and some of them offered the sacrifice while others

مَنْ حَجَّ مُعْتَمِراً[2] فِي شَوَّالٍ وَ مِنْ نِيَّتِهِ أَنْ يَعْتَمِرَ وَ يَرْجِعَ إِلَى بِلَادِهِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَ إِنْ هُوَ أَقَامَ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَهُوَ مُتَمَتِّعٌ لِأَنَّ أَشْهُرَ الْحَجِّ شَوَّالٌ وَ ذُو الْقَعْدَةِ وَ ذُو الْحِجَّةِ فَمَنِ اعْتَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ وَ أَقَامَ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَهِيَ مُتْعَةٌ وَ مَنْ رَجَعَ إِلَى بِلَادِهِ وَ لَمْ يُقِمْ إِلَى الْحَجِّ فَهِيَ عُمْرَةٌ فَإِنِ اعْتَمَرَ فِي شَهْ

لَا بَلْ عُمْرَةٌ فِي شَهْرِ رَجَبٍ أَفْضَلُ.

Hadith.2949 - Mu'awiyah ibn Ammar narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that he was asked: "Which Umrah is better, an Umrah in the month of Rajab or an Umrah in the Month of Ramadan?" Imam (as) said: "No, an Umrah in the month of Rajab is better."

يُكْتَبُ لَهُ فِي الَّذِي نَوَى وَ قَالَ‌[1] يُكْتَبُ لَهُ فِي أَفْضَلِهَا.

Hadith.2950 - It was narrated from Abdul-Rahman ibn al-Hajjaj, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who enters Ihram in one month and exits Ihram in another month. Imam (as) said: "He will be rewarded according to his intention." And Imam (as) also said: "He will be rewarded for the better of the two months."

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ سِنَانٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ إِذَا أَحْرَمْتَ وَ عَلَيْكَ مِنْ رَجَبٍ يَوْمٌ وَ لَيْلَةٌ فَعُمْرَتُكَ رَجَبِيَّةٌ.

Hadith.2951 - In a narration from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abu Abdullah (as), he said: "If you enter Ihram with one day and night remaining in the month of Rajab, your Umrah will be considered a Rajabi Umrah."

وَ قَالَ ع‌ يَدْخُلُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ فِي قَبْرِهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَ الصَّوْمُ وَ الْحَجُ‌ وَ الصَّدَقَةُ وَ الْعِتْقُ‌[1].

Hadith.2972 - Imam (as) said: "Prayer, fasting, Hajj, charity, and emancipation (of slaves) reach the deceased in their grave."

مَا رَوَاهُ سَيْفُ بْنُ عَمِيرَةَ عَنْ مَنْصُورِ بْنِ حَازِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ : «اَلنَّحْرُ بِمِنًى ثَلاَثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَنْ أَرَادَ اَلصَّوْمَ لَمْ يَصُمْ حَتَّى تَمْضِيَ اَلثَّلاَثَةُ اَلْأَيَّامِ وَ اَلنَّحْرُ بِالْأَمْصَارِ يَوْمٌ فَمَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَصُومَ صَامَ مِنَ اَلْغَدِ ».

"I heard him say: 'The sacrifice (nahr) in Mina is for three days. Whoever wishes to fast must not fast until the three days have passed. The sacrifice in other towns is only one day, so whoever wishes to fast may begin from the next day.'"

رُوِيَ عَنِ الْأَئِمَّةِ ع‌ أَنَّ الْمُتَمَتِّعَ إِذَا وَجَدَ الْهَدْيَ وَ لَمْ يَجِدِ الثَّمَنَ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فِي الْحَجِّ يَوْماً قَبْلَ التَّرْوِيَةِ وَ يَوْمَ التَّرْوِيَةِ وَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ وَ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ إِذَا رَجَعَ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ‌ تِلْكَ عَشَرَةٌ كامِلَةٌ لِجَزَاءِ الْهَدْيِ فَإِنْ فَاتَهُ صَوْمُ هَذِهِ الثَّلَاثَةِ الْأَيَّامِ تَسَحَّرَ لَيْلَةَ الْحَصْبَةِ[3] وَ هِيَ لَيْلَةُ النَّفْرِ وَ

It is narrated from the Imams (as): "If the Mutamatti' (pilgrim performing Hajj Tamattu') finds the sacrificial animal but cannot afford its price, he must fast for three days during Hajj—one day before the Day of Tarwiyah, the Day of Tarwiyah itself, and the Day of Arafah—and seven days when he returns to his family,

وَ رَوَى صَفْوَانُ‌[3] عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ عَمَّارٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قَالَ‌ مَنْ مَاتَ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ هَدْيٌ لِمُتْعَتِهِ فَلْيَصُمْ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ.

"If a person dies and does not have a hady (sacrificial animal) for his Tamattu', his guardian should fast on his behalf."

فَلْيَنْظُرْ مَنْهَلَ أَهْلِ بَلَدِهِ‌[1] فَإِذَا ظَنَّ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ دَخَلُوا بَلَدَهُمْ فَلْيَصُمِ السَّبْعَةَ الْأَيَّامِ‌[2].

I asked him about a man who performed Tamattu' but could not afford a sacrificial animal, so he fasted three days. After completing his rites, he decided to stay for a year. Imam (as) said: "Let him estimate when the people of his hometown are likely to have returned to their homes, and when he assumes they have arrive

«أَنَّهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مُقَامٌ بِمَكَّةَ فَأَرَادَ أَنْ يَصُومَ اَلسَّبْعَةَ تَرَكَ اَلصِّيَامَ بِقَدْرِ سَيْرِهِ إِلَى أَهْلِهِ أَوْ شَهْراً ثُمَّ صَامَ ».

Hadith.3099 - In a narration from Muawiyah ibn Ammar, from Abu Abdullah (as): "If a person resides in Mecca and wishes to fast the seven days, he should delay the fast for a period equivalent to the time it would take to travel to his family or for a month, and then begin fasting."

وَ قَدْ رَوَى زُرَارَةُ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ قَالَ‌ مَنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ ثَمَنَ‌ الْهَدْيِ فَأَحَبَّ أَنْ يَصُومَ الثَّلَاثَةَ الْأَيَّامِ فِي الْعَشْرِ الْأَوَاخِرِ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ‌[1].

يَصُومُ يَوْماً آخَرَ بَعْدَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ بِيَوْمٍ‌[3] قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ مُتَمَتِّعٍ كَانَ مَعَهُ ثَمَنُ هَدْيٍ وَ هُوَ يَجِدُ بِمِثْلِ الَّذِي مَعَهُ هَدْياً فَلَمْ يَزَلْ يَتَوَانَى وَ يُؤَخِّرُ ذَلِكَ‌[4] حَتَّى كَانَ آخِرُ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ وَ غَلَتِ الْغَنَمُ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرْ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ بِالَّذِي مَعَهُ هَدْياً قَالَ يَصُومُ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ بَعْدَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ‌[5].

Hadith.3101 - Yahya al-Azraq asked Abu Ibrahim (as) about a man who entered into Ihram for Tamattu' on the Day of Tarwiyah and did not have a sacrificial animal, so he fasted on the Day of Tarwiyah and the Day of Arafah. Imam (as) said: "He should fast one more day after the Days of Tashriq." He also asked him about a

وَ رَوَى عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَعْيَنَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع قَالَ‌ الصَّبِيُّ يَصُومُ عَنْهُ وَلِيُّهُ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْياً[6].

"A guardian should fast on behalf of a child if the child does not have a sacrificial animal."

يَبْعَثُ بِدَمٍ‌[1].

Hadith.3103 - It is narrated from Imran al-Halabi that Abu Abdullah (as) was asked about a man who forgot to fast the three days required of the Mutamatti' if he could not find a sacrificial animal, until he returned to his family. Imam (as) said: "He should send a sacrificial animal (as compensation)."

«يَنْسُكُ وَ يَرْجِعُ» قِيلَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَجِدْ هَدْياً قَالَ «يَصُومُ ».

Hadith.3106 - Muawiyah ibn Ammar narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding the Mahsur (prevented) who did not bring a sacrificial animal. Imam (as) said: "He performs his rites and returns." It was asked: "What if he cannot find a sacrificial animal?" Imam (as) said: "He should fast."

وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص لِرَجُلٍ‌[2] أَصْبَحْتَ صَائِماً قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَعُدْتَ مَرِيضاً قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَاتَّبَعْتَ جَنَازَةً قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَأَطْعَمْتَ مِسْكِيناً قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَارْجِعْ إِلَى أَهْلِكَ فَأَصِبْهُمْ فَإِنَّهُ مِنْكَ عَلَيْهِمْ صَدَقَةٌ[3].

Hadith.3673 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said to a man: "Did you wake up fasting?" He replied: "No." He (sw) said: "Then did you visit a sick person?" He replied: "No." He (sw) said: "Then did you follow a funeral procession?" He replied: "No." He (sw) said: "Then did you feed a poor person?" He rep

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ لَا رَضَاعَ بَعْدَ فِطَامٍ وَ لَا وِصَالَ فِي صِيَامٍ وَ لَا يُتْمَ بَعْدَ احْتِلَامٍ وَ لَا صَمْتَ يَوْماً إِلَى اللَّيْلِ‌[1] وَ لَا تَعَرُّبَ بَعْدَ الْهِجْرَةِ وَ لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ الْفَتْحِ‌[2] وَ لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ نِكَاحٍ وَ لَا عِتْقَ قَبْلَ مِلْكٍ وَ لَا يَمِينَ لِوَلَدٍ مَعَ وَالِدِهِ وَ لَا لِمَمْلُوكٍ مَعَ مَوْلَاهُ وَ لَا لِلْمَرْأَةِ مَعَ زَوْجِهَا[3] وَ لَا نَذْرَ فِي مَعْصِي

Hadith.4273 - Mansur ibn Hazim narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "There is no breastfeeding after weaning, no continuous fasting without breaking, no orphanhood after reaching puberty, no silence for a day unt

وَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَفِ بِهِ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مُدّاً مُدّاً دَقِيقٍ أَوْ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَوَالِيَةٍ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئاً[1].

I asked him about someone who said: "By Allah (swt)," and then did not fulfill it. Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Its expiation is feeding ten needy people with a measure (mudd) each of flour or wheat, or freeing a slave. If he cannot find any of these, then he must fast for three consecutive days."

يَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ[6].

Hadith.4308 - Muhammad ibn Mansur asked Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a man who made a vow to fast but found fasting to be too difficult for him. Imam (as) said: "He should give charity for each day in the amount of one mudd of wheat."

يُعْطِي مَنْ يَصُومُ عَنْهُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مُدَّيْنِ‌[2].

Hadith.4314 - Abdullah ibn Jabalah narrated from Ishaq ibn Ammar, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding a man who makes fasting obligatory upon himself through a vow but is unable to fulfill it. Imam (as) said: "He should give two mudds of food for each day to someone who will fast on his behalf."

لِلَّهِ عَلَيَّ إِنْ خَرَجْتُ مِنْ حَبْسِي هَذَا أَنْ أَصُومَ سَنَةً فَخَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ مِنَ الْحَبْسِ وَ خَافَ أَنْ لَا يُمْكِنَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ سَنَةً كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يَصُومُ شَهْراً وَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الثَّانِي أَيَّاماً فَيَكُونُ قَدْ صَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ فَمَتَى أَفْطَرَ يَوْماً تَصَدَّقَ بِمُدٍّ وَ مَتَى صَامَ حُسِبَ لَهُ حَتَّى يَتِمَّ لَهُ سَنَةٌ.

Hadith.4321 - Abdullah ibn Muskan narrated from Badr ibn Khalil, who said that Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who was imprisoned and vowed, saying, "It is upon me, for the sake of Allah (swt), that if I am released from this prison, I will fast for a year." The man was then released from prison but feared that

لَهُ رَجُلٌ مَاتَ وَ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمٌ يُصَامُ عَنْهُ أَوْ يُتَصَدَّقُ قَالَ يُتَصَدَّقُ عَنْهُ فَإِنَّهُ أَفْضَلُ‌[2].

Hadith.4322 - It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Isma'il ibn Bazee' that he said: I asked Abu Ja'far al-Thani (as) about a man who died and had fasting obligations upon him. Should fasting be done on his behalf, or should charity be given on his behalf? Imam (as) said: "Charity should be given on his behalf, for it is be

لِلرِّضَا ع يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَدْ رُوِيَ لَنَا عَنْ آبَائِكَ ع فِيمَنْ جَامَعَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ أَفْطَرَ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ وَ رُوِيَ عَنْهُمْ ع أَيْضاً كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَبِأَيِّ الْخَبَرَيْنِ نَأْخُذُ فَقَالَ بِهِمَا جَمِيعاً مَتَى جَامَعَ الرَّجُلُ حَرَاماً أَوْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى حَرَامٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَعَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَي

I asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as): "O son of the Messenger of Allah (swt), it has been narrated to us from your forefathers (peace be upon them) that for someone who has intercourse or breaks their fast in the month of Ramadan, there are three expiations. It has also been narrated from them (peace be upon them) t

قَالَ وَ قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ لَرَكْعَتَانِ يُصَلِّيهِمَا مُتَزَوِّجٌ أَفْضَلُ مِنْ رَجُلٍ عَزَبٍ يَقُومُ لَيْلَهُ وَ يَصُومُ نَهَارَهُ‌[2].

Hadith.4347 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Two units of prayer performed by a married person are better than an unmarried man who spends his nights in prayer and his days fasting."

وَ مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَلَى نِسْوَةٍ فَوَقَفَ عَلَيْهِنَّ ثُمَّ قَالَ يَا مَعَاشِرَ النِّسَاءِ مَا رَأَيْتُ نَوَاقِصَ عُقُولٍ وَ دِينٍ أَذْهَبَ بِعُقُولِ ذَوِي الْأَلْبَابِ مِنْكُنَّ إِنِّي قَدْ رَأَيْتُ أَنَّكُنَّ أَكْثَرُ أَهْلِ النَّارِ- يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَتَقَرَّبْنَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ مَا اسْتَطَعْتُنَّ فَقَالَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْهُنَّ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا نُقْصَانُ دِينِنَا وَ عُقُولِنَا فَقَا

Hadith.4375 - The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) passed by a group of women, stopped, and said: "O assembly of women! I have not seen those who are deficient in intellect and religion more capable of taking away the reasoning of men of understanding than you. Indeed, I have observed that yo

جَاءَتِ امْرَأَةٌ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا حَقُّ الزَّوْجِ عَلَى الْمَرْأَةِ فَقَالَ لَهَا تُطِيعُهُ وَ لَا تَعْصِيهِ وَ لَا تَصَدَّقُ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا شَيْئاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ وَ لَا تَصُومُ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ وَ لَا تَمْنَعُهُ نَفْسَهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ عَلَى ظَهْرِ قَتَبٍ‌[1] وَ لَا تَخْرُجُ مِنْ بَيْتِهَا إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ فَإِنْ خَرَجَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِهِ لَعَنَتْهَا مَلَ

A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) and said: "O Messenger of Allah (swt), what is the right of a husband over his wife?" Imam (as) said: "She must obey him and not disobey him. She must not give anything in charity from his house except with his permission, and

إِذَا صَلَّتِ الْمَرْأَةُ خَمْسَهَا وَ صَامَتْ شَهْرَهَا وَ حَجَّتْ بَيْتَ رَبِّهَا وَ أَطَاعَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَ عَرَفَتْ حَقَّ عَلِيٍّ ع فَلْتَدْخُلْ مِنْ أَيِّ أَبْوَابِ الْجِنَانِ شَاءَتْ‌[5].

"If a woman performs her five daily prayers, fasts during her month (Ramadan), performs Hajj to the House of her Lord (azj), obeys her husband, and acknowledges the right of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as), then she may enter Paradise through whichever gate she wishes."

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ أَوَّلَ لَيْلَةٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ لِقَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- أُحِلَّ لَكُمْ لَيْلَةَ الصِّيامِ الرَّفَثُ إِلى‌ نِسائِكُمْ‌ وَ الرَّفَثُ الْمُجَامَعَةُ.

Hadith.4653 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "It is recommended for a man to approach his wife on the first night of the month of Ramadan because of the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic: 'It has been made lawful for you to be intimate with your wives during the nights of fasting' (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:18

"كَانَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَوْسُ بْنُ اَلصَّامِتِ وَ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ اَلْمُنْذِرِ فَقَالَ لَهَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي ثُمَّ نَدِمَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ وَ قَالَ لَهَا أَيَّتُهَا اَلْمَرْأَةُ مَا أَظُنُّكِ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ حَرُمْتِ عَلَيَّ فَجَاءَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ

"During the time of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family), there was a man named Aws ibn Al-Samit who was married to a woman named Khawlah bint Tha'labah. One day, he said to her: 'You are to me as the back of my mother.' He immediately regretted his words and said to her: 'O woman, I think yo

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً قَالَ إِذَا هُوَ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَدْ بَطَلَ الظِّهَارُ وَ هَدَمَ الطَّلَاقُ الظِّهَارَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ فَإِنْ رَاجَعَهَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا[2] قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى يَحِلَّ أَجَلُهَا وَ تَمْلِكَ نَفْس

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who declared ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) against his wife and then divorced her with one divorce. Imam (as) said: "If he divorces her with one divorce, the ẓihar becomes nullified, and the divorce cancels the ẓihar." I asked: "Can he take he

إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَ امْرَأَتَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ طَلَّقَهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يُوَاقِعَهَا أَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ فَقَالَ لَا سَقَطَتِ الْكَفَّارَةُ عَنْهُ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ صَامَ فَمَرِضَ فَأَفْطَرَ أَ يَسْتَقْبِلُ أَوْ يُتِمُّ مَا بَقِيَ عَلَيْهِ فَقَالَ إِنْ صَامَ شَهْراً ثُمَّ مَرِضَ اسْتَقْبَلَ فَإِنْ زَادَ عَلَى الشَّهْرِ يَوْماً أَوْ يَوْمَيْنِ‌ بَنَى عَلَيْهِ‌[1] قَالَ وَ قَالَ الْحُرُّ وَ الْمَمْلُوكُ سَوَاءٌ غَ

Hadith.4835 - Jamil ibn Darraj asked Imam (as) about ẓihar and when the obligation of expiation becomes due upon the one who declares it. Imam (as) replied: "When he intends to have intercourse with his wife." I asked: "If he divorces her before having intercourse with her, is expiation still required of him?" Imam (as

قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنْ ظَاهَرَ رَجُلٌ فِي شَعْبَانَ وَ لَمْ يَجِدْ مَا يُعْتِقُ قَالَ يَنْتَظِرُ حَتَّى يَصُومَ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ يَصُومُ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ فَإِنْ ظَاهَرَ وَ هُوَ مُسَافِرٌ يَنْظُرُ حَتَّى يَقْدَمَ وَ إِنْ صَامَ فَأَصَابَ مَالًا فَلْيَمْضِ فِي الَّذِي ابْتَدَأَ فِيهِ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as): "If a man performs ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) in the month of Sha'ban and cannot find something to free (as expiation), what should he do?" He (as) replied: "He should wait until he fasts the month of Ramadan and then fast two consecutive months afterward. If he performs ẓihar while he i

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ظَاهَرْتُ مِنِ امْرَأَتِي فَقَالَ اذْهَبْ فَأَعْتِقْ رَقَبَةً فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي فَقَالَ اذْهَبْ فَصُمْ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ فَقَالَ لَا أَقْوَى فَقَالَ اذْهَبْ فَأَطْعِمْ‌ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً قَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص أَنَا أَتَصَدَّقُ عَنْكَ قَالَ فَأَعْطَاهُ تَمْراً لِإِطْعَامِ سِتِّ

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "A man came to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and said: 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), I have performed ẓihar (declared my wife as unlawful to me).' The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: 'Go and free a slave.' The man replied: 'I do not have one.' The Prophet

الْمُظَاهِرُ إِذَا صَامَ شَهْراً وَ صَامَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الْآخَرِ يَوْماً فَقَدْ وَاصَلَ فَإِنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَقْضِ مُتَفَرِّقاً[4] وَ إِنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُعْطِ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدّاً مِنْ طَعَامٍ‌[5].

"If a man who has performed ẓihar fasts for one full month and then fasts a day from the second month, he has fulfilled the condition of consecutive fasting. After that, if he wishes, he may make up the remaining fasts in a non-consecutive manner, or if he wishes, he may give a mudd (a specific measure) of food for eac

لِامْرَأَتِهِ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ- فَقَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع يُطِيقُ لِكُلِّ مَرَّةٍ عِتْقَ نَسَمَةٍ فَقَالَ لَا قَالَ يُطِيقُ إِطْعَامَ‌ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَيُطِيقُ صِيَامَ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ مِائَةَ مَرَّةٍ قَالَ لَا قَالَ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا[2].

Hadith.4842 - Ziyad ibn al-Mundhir narrated from Abu al-Ward that Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) was asked, while I was present, about a man who said to his wife, "You are to me like the back of my mother" a hundred times. Abu Jafar Imam Al-Baqir (as) said: "Is he able to free a slave for each time?" The

عَلَيْهِ نِصْفُ مَا عَلَى الْحُرِّ مِنْ صَوْمِ شَهْرٍ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ كَفَّارَةٌ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ وَ لَا عِتْقٍ.

Hadith.4849 - Muhammad ibn Humran asked Abu Abdullah (as) about whether a slave is obligated to perform ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison). Imam (as) replied: "He is required to fulfill half of what is required of a free man, which is fasting for one month. However, he is not obligated to offer expiation through c

قَالَتْ فَاطِمَةُ ع فِي خُطْبَتِهَا فِي مَعْنَى فَدَكَ‌[2] لِلَّهِ فِيكُمْ عَهْدٌ قَدَّمَهُ إِلَيْكُمْ وَ بَقِيَّةٌ اسْتَخْلَفَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ‌[3]- كِتَابُ اللَّهِ بَيِّنَةٌ بَصَائِرُهُ وَ آيٌ مُنْكَشِفَةٌ سَرَائِرُهُ وَ بُرْهَانٌ مُتَجَلِّيَةٌ ظَوَاهِرُهُ مُدِيمٌ لِلْبَرِيَّةِ اسْتِمَاعُهُ وَ قَائِدٌ إِلَى الرِّضْوَانِ أَتْبَاعَهُ مُؤَدِّياً إِلَى النَّجَاةِ أَشْيَاعَهُ فِيهِ تِبْيَانُ حُجَجِ اللَّهِ الْمُنَوَّرَةِ و

Hadith.4940 - It is narrated from Isma'il ibn Mihran, from Ahmad ibn Muhammad, from Jabir, from Sayyidah Zaynab bint Ali {s.a}, who said that Sayyidah Fatimah {s.a}, peace be upon them all stated in her sermon regarding Fadak: "Allah (swt) has placed upon you a covenant that He (swt) advanced to you and a successor He

نَهَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص عَنِ الْأَكْلِ عَلَى الْجَنَابَةِ[3] وَ قَالَ إِنَّهُ يُورِثُ الْفَقْرَ وَ نَهَى عَنْ تَقْلِيمِ‌ الْأَظْفَارِ بِالْأَسْنَانِ وَ عَنِ السِّوَاكِ فِي الْحَمَّامِ وَ التَّنَخُّعِ فِي الْمَسَاجِدِ وَ نَهَى عَنْ أَكْلِ سُؤْرِ الْفَأْرَةِ وَ قَالَ لَا تَجْعَلُوا الْمَسَاجِدَ طُرُقاً حَتَّى تُصَلُّوا فِيهَا رَكْعَتَيْنِ‌[1] وَ نَهَى أَنْ يَبُولَ أَحَدٌ تَحْتَ شَجَرَةٍ مُثْمِرَةٍ[2] أَوْ عَلَى قَارِعَ

"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) forbade eating while in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah)" and said: "It leads to poverty." He (sw) also forbade trimming the nails with teeth, using the miswak (tooth-stick) in the bathhouse, and spitting in the mosques. He (sw) forbade eating (

فِي الْحَدِّ فِي السَّفَرِ الَّذِي إِذَا زَنَى لَمْ يُرْجَمْ إِذَا كَانَ مُحْصَناً قَالَ إِذَا قَصَّرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ فَلَيْسَ بِمُحْصَنٍ‌[3].

Regarding the prescribed punishment (hadd) in travel, in which if one commits adultery, he is not stoned if he is married, it was said: "If he shortens the prayer and breaks his fast, then he is not considered married (muhsan)."

يَا أَمِيرَ اَلْمُؤْمِنِينَ ضَرَبْتَنِي ثَمَانِينَ سَوْطاً فِي شُرْبِ اَلْخَمْرِ فَهَذِهِ اَلْعِشْرُونَ مَا هِيَ فَقَالَ "هَذَا لِجُرْأَتِكَ عَلَى شُرْبِ اَلْخَمْرِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ".

Hadith.5089 - In the narration of Amr ibn Shimr from Jabir, who attributed it to the Prophet: Commander of the Faithful (as) was presented with Al-Najashi Al-Harithiyy, the poet, who had consumed alcohol during the month of Ramadan. Imam (as) flogged him eighty lashes, then imprisoned him for a night. The next day, Ima

سُئِلَ عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِ يَقْتُلُ الْمُؤْمِنَ مُتَعَمِّداً لَهُ تَوْبَةٌ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ قَتَلَهُ لِإِيمَانِهِ فَلَا تَوْبَةَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَتَلَهُ لِغَضَبٍ أَوْ لِسَبَبِ شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ أَمْرِ الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّ تَوْبَتَهُ أَنْ يُقَادَ مِنْهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ عَلِمَ بِهِ أَحَدٌ انْطَلَقَ إِلَى أَوْلِيَاءِ الْمَقْتُولِ فَأَقَرَّ عِنْدَهُمْ بِقَتْلِ صَاحِبِهِمْ فَإِنْ عَفَوْا عَنْهُ فَلَمْ يَقْتُلُوهُ أَعْطَاه

Hadith.5164 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan and Ibn Bukayr from Abu Abdullah (as), who was asked about a believer who intentionally kills another believer - does he have repentance? Imam (as) said: "If he killed him because of his faith, then there is no repentance for him. But if he killed him o

يُغَرَّمُ قِيمَتَهُ وَ يُضْرَبُ ضَرْباً شَدِيداً[4] وَ قَالَ فِي رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ مَمْلُوكَهُ قَالَ يُعْتِقُ رَقَبَةً[5] وَ يَصُومُ‌ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتابِعَيْنِ‌ وَ يُطْعِمُ سِتِّينَ مِسْكِيناً ثُمَّ التَّوْبَةُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ‌[6].

Hadith.5167 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who intentionally kills another man's slave. Imam (as) said: "He must pay the value of the slave and be severely beaten." And regarding a man who kills his own slave, Imam (as) said: "He must free a slave, fast for two consecutive month

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع يَقُولُ‌ إِذَا قَتَلَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرٍ حَرَامٍ صَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ أَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ‌[2].

I heard Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) say, "If a man kills during a sacred month (haram month), he must fast for two consecutive months from the sacred months."

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ رَجُلًا خَطَأً فِي أَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ قَالَ عَلَيْهِ الدِّيَةُ وَ صَوْمُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ مِنْ أَشْهُرِ الْحُرُمِ قُلْتُ إِنَّ هَذَا يَدْخُلُ فِيهِ الْعِيدُ وَ أَيَّامُ التَّشْرِيقِ فَقَالَ يَصُومُهُ فَإِنَّهُ حَقٌّ لَزِمَهُ‌[2].

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who accidentally killed another man during the sacred months (Ashhur Al-Hurum). Imam (as) said: "He must pay the blood money (diyyah) and fast for two consecutive months from the sacred months." I said: "But this period includes Eid and the days of Tashr

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ قَتَلَ عَبْداً خَطَأً قَالَ عَلَيْهِ قِيمَتُهُ وَ لَا يُجَاوَزُ بِقِيمَتِهِ عَشَرَةَ آلَافِ دِرْهَمٍ قُلْتُ وَ مَنْ يُقَوِّمُهُ وَ هُوَ مَيِّتٌ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لِمَوْلَاهُ شُهُودٌ أَنَّ قِيمَتَهُ يَوْمَ قَتَلَهُ كَذَا وَ كَذَا أُخِذَ بِهَا قَاتِلُهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِمَوْلَاهُ شُهُودٌ كَانَتِ الْقِيمَةُ عَلَى الَّذِي قَتَلَهُ مَعَ يَمِينِهِ يَشْهَدُ أَرْبَعَ مَرَّاتٍ بِاللَّ

I asked Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who accidentally killed a slave. Imam (as) said: "He must pay the slave's value, and his value should not exceed ten thousand dirhams." I asked: "Who will appraise his value when he is dead?" Imam (as) replied: "If the master has witnesses that his value

دِيَةُ الْجَنِينِ إِذَا ضُرِبَتْ أُمُّهُ فَسَقَطَ مِنْ بَطْنِهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ تُنْشَأَ فِيهِ الرُّوحُ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ وَ هِيَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ وَ دِيَةُ الْمَيِّتِ إِذَا قُطِعَ رَأْسُهُ وَ شُقَّ بَطْنُهُ فَلَيْسَتْ هِيَ لِوَرَثَتِهِ إِنَّمَا هِيَ لَهُ دُونَ الْوَرَثَةِ فَقُلْتُ وَ مَا الْفَرْقُ بَيْنَهُمَا فَقَالَ إِنَّ الْجَنِينَ أَمْرٌ مُسْتَقْبِلٌ يُرْجَى نَفْعُهُ وَ إِنَّ هَذَا قَدْ مَضَى وَ ذَهَبَتْ مَنْفَعَتُهُ فَل

"The diyyah (blood money) for a fetus, if its mother is struck and it is miscarried before the soul is breathed into it, is one hundred dinars, and this belongs to its heirs. As for the diyyah of a deceased person whose head is severed and whose abdomen is cut open, it does not go to his heirs; rather, it belongs to hi