Poverty & Hardship

كَتَبَ يُونُسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ إِلَى الرِّضَا ع‌ أَنَّهُ كَانَ لِي عَلَى رَجُلٍ عَشَرَةُ دَرَاهِمَ وَ إِنَّ السُّلْطَانَ أَسْقَطَ تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمَ وَ جَاءَ بِدَرَاهِمَ أَعْلَى مِنْ تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمِ وَ فِي تِلْكَ الدَّرَاهِمِ الْأُولَى الْيَوْمَ وَضِيعَةٌ فَأَيُّ شَيْ‌ءٍ لِي عَلَيْهِ الدَّرَاهِمُ الْأُولَى الَّتِي أَسْقَطَهَا السُّلْطَانُ أَوِ الدَّرَاهِمُ الَّتِي أَجَازَهَا السُّلْطَانُ فَكَتَبَ لَكَ ال

Hadith.3716 - Yunus ibn Abdul Rahman wrote to Al-Ridha (as), saying: "I had ten dirhams owed to me by a man, but the ruler invalidated those dirhams and introduced new dirhams that are higher in value than the previous ones. The earlier dirhams are now devalued. What is my right upon him-the original dirhams that the r

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ طَعَامِ قَرْيَةٍ بِعَيْنِهِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ خَرَجَ فَهُوَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ كَانَ دَيْناً عَلَيْهِ‌[1].

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who purchased food specifically from a village. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. If the food is delivered, it belongs to him. But if it is not delivered, then it remains a debt upon the seller."

نَعَمْ‌[4].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who has a debt and holds collateral along with it, can he purchase it? Imam (as) said: "Yes."

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ يَكُونُ لَهُ مَالٌ عَلَى رَجُلٍ فَيَتَقَاضَاهُ وَ لَا يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ مَا يَقْضِيهِ فَيَقُولُ هُوَ عِنْدَكَ مُضَارَبَةً قَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ حَتَّى يَقْبِضَهُ مِنْهُ‌[4].

Hadith.3845 - Al-Sakooni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers (peace be upon them) who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said regarding a man who is owed money by another man and demands repayment, but the debtor does not have

أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ أَعْطِنِي رَأْسَ الْمَالِ وَ الرِّبْحُ لَكَ وَ مَا تَوِيَ فَعَلَيَّ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِذَا اشْتَرَطَا[4] وَ إِنْ كَانَ شَرْطاً يُخَالِفُ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ رُدَّ إِلَى كِتَابِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.3848 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding two men who entered into partnership with wealth, made a profit, and the wealth included both debt and cash. One of them said to the other, "Give me the principal amount, and the profit will be yours, and any loss will be my responsibility.

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ فِي الْحِنْطَةِ أَوِ التَّمْرِ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ فَيَأْتِي صَاحِبُهُ- حِينَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ الدَّيْنُ فَيَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا عِنْدِي إِلَّا نِصْفُ الَّذِي لَكَ فَخُذْ مِنِّي إِنْ شِئْتَ بِنِصْفِ الَّذِي لَكَ حِنْطَةً وَ نِصْفاً وَرِقاً فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِذَا أَخَذَ مِنْهُ الْوَرِقَ كَمَا أَعْطَاهُ-[5] قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ جُلَّةٌ مِنْ بُسْرٍ

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who makes an advance payment of 100 dirhams for wheat or dates. When the debt becomes due, the seller says, "By Allah (swt), I only have half of what is owed to you. Take half in wheat and the other half in cash if you wish." Imam (as) said: "There is n

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَرَاهِمُ مِنْ ثَمَنِ غَنَمٍ اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْهُ فَأَتَى الطَّالِبُ الْمَطْلُوبَ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَطْلُوبُ أَبِيعُكَ هَذِهِ الْغَنَمَ بِدَرَاهِمِكَ الَّتِي لَكَ عِنْدِي فَرَضِيَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.

I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "A man owed another man dirhams for the price of sheep he had bought from him. The creditor came to demand payment, and the debtor said: 'I will sell you these sheep for the dirhams I owe you.' The creditor agreed." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْلَفَ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ يُسْلِفُ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنَ الثِّمَارِ فَذَهَبَ ثِمَارُهَا[5] وَ لَمْ يَسْتَوْفِ سَلَفَهُ قَالَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ رَأْسَ مَالِهِ أَوْ لِيُنْظِرْهُ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who made an advance payment (salam) for something that people typically make advance payments for, such as fruits, but the fruits were destroyed, and he did not receive what was due. Imam (as) said: "Let him take back his principal amount, or he may grant the debtor more time."

نَعَمْ يُسَمِّي كَذَا وَ كَذَا بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا صَاعاً[6].

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who had advanced dirhams to another man for wheat. When the due date arrived, the debtor did not have any food but had animals, slaves, and goods. I asked: "Is it permissible for him to take these items in place of the wheat owed to him?" Imam (as) said: "Yes, he may specify such a

لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الزَّعْفَرَانِ يُسْلِفُ فِيهِ الرَّجُلُ دَرَاهِمَ فِي عِشْرِينَ مِثْقَالًا أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الزَّعْفَرَانُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ نِصْفَ حَقِّهِ أَوْ ثُلُثَهُ أَوْ ثُلُثَيْهِ وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ حَقِّهِ دَرَاهِمَ‌[5].

Hadith.3945 - Ubaydullah bin Ali Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdillah (as): Imam (as) was asked about a man who lent dirhams in advance for five measures of wheat or barley until a specified time. When the payment became due, the debtor was unable to repay the full amount of wheat or barley. The creditor wanted to take

لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْغَنَمُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ صَاحِبُ الْغَنَمِ نِصْفَهَا أَوْ ثُلُثَهَا أَوْ ثُلُثَيْهَا وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ دَرَاهِمَ وَ يَأْخُذَ[1] دُونَ شَرْطِهِمْ وَ لَا يَأْخُذْ فَوْقَ شَرْطِهِمْ‌[2] قَالَ وَ الْأَكْسِيَةُ أَيْضاً مِثْلُ الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ الزَّعْفَرَانِ وَ الْغَنَمِ.

Hadith.3946 - Imam (as) was asked about a man who lends in advance for sheep, both two-year-olds and younger ones, until a specified time. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm if the debtor cannot deliver all the sheep he owes. The creditor may take half, a third, or two-thirds of the sheep, and receive the remaining valu

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ الْحُكْرَةُ فِي الْخِصْبِ أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْماً[2] وَ فِي الشِّدَّةِ وَ الْبَلَاءِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً فِي الْخِصْبِ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ وَ مَا زَادَ فِي الْعُسْرَةِ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ‌[3].

Hadith.3963 - Al-Sakooni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), peace be upon him, who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, stated: "Hoarding during times of abundance is permitted for forty days, and during hardship and distress, for three days. Anything

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ يَا أَبَا الصَّبَّاحِ شِرَاءُ الدَّقِيقِ ذُلٌّ وَ شِرَاءُ الْحِنْطَةِ عِزٌّ وَ شِرَاءُ الْخُبْزِ فَقْرٌ فَتَعَوَّذُوا بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ[1].

Hadith.3971 - It is narrated from Abu Al-Sabbah Al-Kinani that Abu Abdullah (as), said: "O Abu Al-Sabbah! Buying flour is humiliation, buying wheat is honor, and buying bread is poverty. So seek refuge with Allah (swt) from poverty."

لَا تُمَانِعُوا قَرْضَ الْخَمِيرِ وَ الْخُبْزِ فَإِنَّ مَنْعَهُمَا يُورِثُ الْفَقْرَ[3].

وَ دَخَلَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع‌[6] سُوقَ التَّمَّارِينَ فَإِذَا امْرَأَةٌ تَبْكِي وَ هِيَ تُخَاصِمُ رَجُلًا تَمَّاراً فَقَالَ لَهَا مَا لَكِ فَقَالَتْ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اشْتَرَيْتُ مِنْ هَذَا تَمْراً بِدِرْهَمٍ فَخَرَجَ أَسْفَلُهُ رَدِيّاً وَ لَيْسَ مِثْلَ هَذَا الَّذِي رَأَيْتُ فَقَالَ لَهُ رُدَّ عَلَيْهَا فَأَبَى حَتَّى قَالَ لَهُ ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ فَأَبَى فَعَلَاهُ بِالدِّرَّةِ حَتَّى رَدَّ عَلَيْهَا و

Hadith.3978 - Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, entered the market of the date sellers. There, He (as) saw a woman crying while disputing with a date seller. Imam (as) said to her: "What is the matter?" She replied: "O Commander of the Faithful, I bought dates from this man for one dirham, but the bottom of

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنَّ النَّاسَ يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّ الرِّبْحَ عَلَى الْمُضْطَرِّ حَرَامٌ وَ هُوَ مِنَ الرِّبَا فَقَالَ وَ هَلْ رَأَيْتَ أَحَداً اشْتَرَى غَنِيّاً أَوْ فَقِيراً[5] إِلَّا مِنْ ضَرُورَةٍ يَا عُمَرُ قَدْ أَحَلَّ اللَّهُ الْبَيْعَ وَ حَرَّمَ الرِّبا فَارْبَحْ وَ لَا تُرْبِهِ‌[6] قُلْتُ وَ مَا الرِّبَا قَالَ دَرَاهِمُ بِدَرَاهِمَ مِثْلَانِ بِمِثْلٍ‌[7].

I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "May I be your ransom! People claim that making a profit from someone in distress is forbidden and is considered usury." Imam (as) said: "Have you ever seen anyone, whether rich or poor, buy something except out of necessity, O Umar? Indeed, 'Allah (swt) has permitted trade and forbidden us

فَأَيُّ مَحْقٍ أَمْحَقُ مِنْ دِرْهَمٍ رِبًا يَمْحَقُ الدِّينَ فَإِنْ تَابَ مِنْهُ ذَهَبَ مَالُهُ وَ افْتَقَرَ[1].

Hadith.4005 - A man asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic: "Allah (swt) destroys usury and gives increase for charities." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:276). He asked: "Yet I see those who consume usury, and their wealth increases." Imam (as) replied: "Is there any

لَهُ بِعْنِي مَتَاعاً حَتَّى أَبِيعَهُ وَ أَقْضِيَكَ الَّذِي لَكَ عَلَيَّ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

Hadith.4035 - It is narrated from Bakkar ibn Abi Bakr, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who has a debt owed to him by another man. When the debt becomes due, the debtor says to him, "Sell me some goods so that I may sell them and repay you what I owe." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."

نَعَمْ- قَالَ وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَقُولُ هِيَ لِأَهْلِهَا لَا تَمَسُّوهَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ‌[3] عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُ دِرْهَماً أَوْ ثَوْباً أَوْ دَابَّةً كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يُعَرِّفُهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ‌[4] جَعَلَهَا فِي عَرْضِ مَالِهِ حَتَّى يَجِي‌ءَ طَالِبُهَا فَيُعْطِيَهَا إِيَّاهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ أَوْصَى بِهَا وَ هُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ‌[5].

Hadith.4049 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a lost item found by a poor person, whether he is in the same position regarding it as a wealthy person. Imam (as) said: "Yes." Imam (as) further said: " Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as) used to say, 'It belongs to its owner, do not tou

إِنْ تَرَكَهَا فِي كَلَإٍ وَ مَاءٍ وَ أَمْنٍ فَهِيَ لَهُ يَأْخُذُهَا حَيْثُ أَصَابَهَا وَ إِنْ تَرَكَهَا فِي خَوْفٍ وَ غَيْرِ مَاءٍ وَ لَا كَلَإٍ فَهِيَ لِمَنْ أَصَابَهَا[1].

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled regarding a man who abandoned his animal due to hardship. Imam (as) said: "If he left it in a place with grass, water, and safety, it remains his, and he may reclaim it wherever he finds it. But if he left it in a place with danger, without water or grass, then it belongs to whoever fi

لَهُ الرَّجُلُ الْفَقِيرُ يُهْدِي إِلَيَّ الْهَدِيَّةَ يَتَعَرَّضُ لِمَا عِنْدِي فَآخُذُهَا وَ لَا أُعْطِيهِ شَيْئاً أَ يَحِلُّ لِي قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ لَكَ حَلَالٌ وَ لَكِنْ لَا تَدَعْ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a poor man who gives me a gift, hoping to receive something from me in return. Is it permissible for me to accept it without giving him anything? Imam (as) said: "Yes, it is permissible for you, and it is lawful for you. However, do not neglect giving him something."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ رَهَنَ بِمَالِهِ أَرْضاً أَوْ دَاراً لَهُمَا غَلَّةٌ كَثِيرَةٌ فَقَالَ عَلَى الَّذِي ارْتَهَنَ الْأَرْضَ وَ الدَّارَ بِمَالِهِ أَنْ يَحْسُبَ لِصَاحِبِ الْأَرْضِ وَ الدَّارِ مَا أَخَذَ مِنَ الْغَلَّةِ وَ يَطْرَحَهُ عَنْهُ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ لَهُ‌[3].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who took a piece of land or a house as collateral (rahn) for his money, and both the land and the house produced abundant yield. Imam (as) said: "It is upon the one who took the land and the house as collateral for his money to calculate what he has taken from the yield and deduct

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَفْلَسَ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ لِقَوْمٍ وَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِهِمْ رُهُونٌ وَ لَيْسَ عِنْدَ بَعْضِهِمْ فَمَاتَ وَ لَا يُحِيطُ مَالُهُ بِمَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الدَّيْنِ قَالَ يُقْسَمُ جَمِيعُ مَا خَلَّفَ مِنَ الرُّهُونِ وَ غَيْرِهَا عَلَى أَرْبَابِ الدَّيْنِ بِالْحِصَصِ‌[5].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who became bankrupt and owed debts to some people, some of whom held collateral (ruhun) while others did not. The man then died, and his remaining wealth was insufficient to cover his debts. Imam (as) said: "All that he left behind, including the collateral and other possessions, s

يَرْجِعُ عَلَيْهِ بِفَضْلِ مَا رَهَنَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ أَنْقَصَ مِمَّا رَهَنَهُ عَلَيْهِ رَجَعَ عَلَى الرَّاهِنِ بِالْفَضْلِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الرَّهْنُ يَسْوَي مَا رَهَنَهُ عَلَيْهِ فَالرَّهْنُ بِمَا فِيهِ.

Hadith.4101 - He (narrator) said: I asked him about a man who deposited collateral (rahn) with another man against a debt of one thousand dirhams, while the value of the collateral was two thousand dirhams, but the collateral was lost. Imam (as) said: "The creditor shall reclaim from the debtor the surplus value of wha

إِنْ رَهَنَ رَجُلٌ أَرْضاً فِيهَا ثَمَرَةٌ فَإِنَّ ثَمَرَتَهَا مِنْ حِسَابِ مَالِهِ وَ لَهُ حِسَابُ مَا عَمِلَ فِيهَا وَ أَنْفَقَ فِيهَا فَإِذَا اسْتَوْفَى مَالَهُ فَلْيَدْفَعِ الْأَرْضَ إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا.

قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع‌ فِي رَهْنٍ اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ الرَّاهِنُ وَ الْمُرْتَهِنُ فَقَالَ الرَّاهِنُ هُوَ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا وَ قَالَ الْمُرْتَهِنُ هُوَ بِأَكْثَرَ إِنَّهُ يُصَدَّقُ الْمُرْتَهِنُ حَتَّى يُحِيطَ بِالثَّمَنِ لِأَنَّهُ أَمِينٌ‌[2].

Hadith.4104 - Isma'il ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) (peace be upon them), who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) stated: "In a case of dispute over a pledged item (rahn) between the pledger (rahin) and the pledgee (murtahin), where

إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ وَ لَمْ يُخَلِّفْ شَيْئاً إِلَّا رَهْناً فِي يَدِ بَعْضِهِمْ وَ لَا يَبْلُغُ ثَمَنُهُ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُرْتَهِنِ أَ يَأْخُذُهُ بِمَالِهِ أَوْ هُوَ وَ سَائِرُ الدُّيَّانِ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ فَكَتَبَ ع جَمِيعُ الدُّيَّانِ فِي ذَلِكَ سَوَاءٌ يُوَزِّعُونَهُ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحِصَصِ‌[4] قَالَ وَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ لَهُ وَرَثَةٌ فَجَاءَ رَجُلٌ

I wrote to Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a man who died and had a debt, leaving nothing except a pledged item in the possession of someone. The value of the pledge did not exceed the creditor's due amount. I asked whether the creditor could take it for his claim or if all creditors shared in it. Imam (as) wrote: "All credito

قَضَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي الرَّهْنِ إِذَا كَانَ أَكْثَرَ مِنْ مَالِ الْمُرْتَهِنِ فَهَلَكَ أَنْ يُؤَدَّى الْفَضْلُ إِلَى صَاحِبِ الرَّهْنِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الرَّهْنُ أَقَلَّ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَهَلَكَ الرَّهْنُ أَدَّى إِلَيْهِ صَاحِبُهُ فَضْلَ مَالِهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ الرَّهْنُ يَسْوَى مَا رَهَنَهُ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ[2].

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ الْوُضُوءُ قَبْلَ الطَّعَامِ وَ بَعْدَهُ يَذْهَبَانِ بِالْفَقْرِ[1].

Hadith.4263 - Safwan al-Jammal narrated from Abi Ghurrah al-Khurasani who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Performing ablution before and after eating removes poverty."

نِعْمَ الْإِدَامُ الْخَلُّ مَا أَقْفَرَ بَيْتٌ فِيهِ خَلٌ[4]

وَ اللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَفِ بِهِ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع كَفَّارَتُهُ إِطْعَامُ عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ مُدّاً مُدّاً دَقِيقٍ أَوْ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ أَوْ صِيَامُ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ مُتَوَالِيَةٍ إِذَا لَمْ يَجِدْ شَيْئاً[1].

I asked him about someone who said: "By Allah (swt)," and then did not fulfill it. Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Its expiation is feeding ten needy people with a measure (mudd) each of flour or wheat, or freeing a slave. If he cannot find any of these, then he must fast for three consecutive days."

عَلَيَّ بَدَنَةٌ وَ لَمْ يُسَمِّ أَيْنَ يَنْحَرُهَا قَالَ إِنَّمَا النَّحْرُ بِمِنًى يَقْسِمُهَا بَيْنَ الْمَسَاكِينِ‌[4].

"I am obligated to offer a camel," but did not specify where it should be slaughtered. Imam (as) said: "The slaughtering is to be done at Mina, and it should be distributed among the needy."

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ‌[2] إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع‌ رَجُلٌ حَلَفَ بِالْبَرَاءَةِ مِنَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ مِنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَحَنِثَ مَا تَوْبَتُهُ وَ مَا كَفَّارَتُهُ فَوَقَّعَ ع يُطْعِمُ عَشَرَةَ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.4330 - Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ali (as) asking about a man who swore an oath of disassociation from Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, or from the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and then broke his o

لِلرِّضَا ع يَا ابْنَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ قَدْ رُوِيَ لَنَا عَنْ آبَائِكَ ع فِيمَنْ جَامَعَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ أَفْطَرَ فِيهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ وَ رُوِيَ عَنْهُمْ ع أَيْضاً كَفَّارَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَبِأَيِّ الْخَبَرَيْنِ نَأْخُذُ فَقَالَ بِهِمَا جَمِيعاً مَتَى جَامَعَ الرَّجُلُ حَرَاماً أَوْ أَفْطَرَ عَلَى حَرَامٍ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَعَلَيْهِ ثَلَاثُ كَفَّارَاتٍ عِتْقُ رَقَبَةٍ وَ صِيَامُ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَي

I asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as): "O son of the Messenger of Allah (swt), it has been narrated to us from your forefathers (peace be upon them) that for someone who has intercourse or breaks their fast in the month of Ramadan, there are three expiations. It has also been narrated from them (peace be upon them) t

كُلُّ ذَنْبٍ يُكَفِّرُهُ الْقَتْلُ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الدَّيْنَ لَا كَفَّارَةَ لَهُ إِلَّا الْأَدَاءُ أَوْ يُرْضَى صَاحِبُهُ أَوْ يَعْفُوَ الَّذِي لَهُ الْحَقُ[4].

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَنْ تَرَكَ التَّزْوِيجَ مَخَافَةَ الْفَقْرِ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ الظَّنَّ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- إِنْ يَكُونُوا فُقَراءَ يُغْنِهِمُ اللَّهُ مِنْ فَضْلِهِ‌[2].

Hadith.4353 - It is narrated from Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, from Hariz, from al-Walid, who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Whoever avoids marriage out of fear of poverty has thought poorly of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious. Indeed, Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious, says: 'If they are poor, Allah (swt) wi

قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص‌ مَنْ سَرَّهُ أَنْ يَلْقَى اللَّهَ طَاهِراً مُطَهَّراً فَلْيَلْقَهُ بِزَوْجَةٍ وَ مَنْ تَرَكَ التَّزْوِيجَ مَخَافَةَ الْعَيْلَةِ فَقَدْ أَسَاءَ الظَّنَّ بِاللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ.

Hadith.4354 - The Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Whoever desires to meet Allah (swt) in a state of purity and purification, let him meet Him with a spouse. And whoever avoids marriage out of fear of poverty has thought poorly of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious."

قَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ سَيِّدُ الْعَابِدِينَ ع‌ مَنْ تَزَوَّجَ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَ لِصِلَةِ الرَّحِمِ تَوَّجَهُ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِتَاجِ الْمُلْكِ وَ الْكَرَامَةِ.

إِذَا تَرَكَهَا أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ كَانَ آثِماً بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ بِإِذْنِهَا[2].

Hadith.4415 - Safwan ibn Yahya asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as), about a man who has a young wife and refrains from approaching her for months or even a year, not intending to harm her but due to some hardship or difficulty they are facing. Is he considered sinful for this? The Imam (as) replied: "If he refrains f

إِنَّ ضُرَيْساً كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ ابْنَةُ حُمْرَانَ فَجَعَلَ لَهَا أَنْ لَا يَتَزَوَّجَ عَلَيْهَا وَ لَا يَتَسَرَّى عَلَيْهَا أَبَداً فِي حَيَاتِهَا وَ لَا بَعْدَ مَوْتِهَا عَلَى أَنْ جَعَلَتْ هِيَ أَنْ لَا تَتَزَوَّجَ بَعْدَهُ وَ جَعَلَا عَلَيْهِمَا مِنَ الْحَجِّ وَ الْهَدْيِ وَ النُّذُورِ وَ كُلَّ مَالٍ لَهُمَا يَمْلِكَانِهِ فِي الْمَسَاكِينِ وَ كُلَّ مَمْلُوكٍ لَهُمَا حُرّاً إِنْ لَمْ يَفِ كُلُّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا ل

Durais had married the daughter of Humran, and he made a condition for her that he would neither marry another wife nor take a concubine over her, neither during her lifetime nor after her death. In return, she made a condition that she would not marry anyone after him. They also pledged that if either of them failed t

سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَمَرَ رَجُلًا أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ امْرَأَةً بِالْمَدِينَةِ وَ سَمَّاهَا لَهُ وَ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ بِالْعِرَاقِ فَخَرَجَ الْمَأْمُورُ فَزَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ‌[3] ثُمَّ قَدِمَ إِلَى الْعِرَاقِ فَوَجَدَ الَّذِي أَمَرَهُ قَدْ مَاتَ قَالَ يُنْظَرُ فِي ذَلِكَ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَأْمُورُ زَوَّجَهَا إِيَّاهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَمُوتَ الْآمِرُ ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْآمِرُ بَعْدَهُ فَإِنَّ الْمَهْرَ فِي جَ

Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who instructed another man to marry a woman for him in Medina, specifying her by name, while the one giving the instruction was in Iraq. The one instructed went and married her to him. Then he returned to Iraq and found that the one who had given the instruction had died. Imam (a

يُعْطِيهَا سَيِّدُهُ مِنْ ثَمَنِهِ نِصْفَ مَا فَرَضَ لَهَا إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ دَيْنٍ اسْتَدَانَهُ بِإِذْنِ سَيِّدِهِ‌[1].

Hadith.4574 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Ali ibn Abi Hamzah, from Abu al-Hasan (as) regarding a man who married his slave to a free woman for a dowry of one hundred dirhams. Then, before the slave consummated the marriage with her, the master sold him. Imam (as) said: "The master must give her half of the agreed

النَّبِيُّ ص مَا لَكَ قَالَ خَيْرٌ قَالَ قُلْ قَالَ خَرَجْتُ وَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَمْخَضُ فَأُخْبِرْتُ أَنَّهَا وَلَدَتْ جَارِيَةً فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ص الْأَرْضُ تُقِلُّهَا وَ السَّمَاءُ تُظِلُّهَا وَ اللَّهُ يَرْزُقُهَا وَ هِيَ رَيْحَانَةٌ تَشَمُّهَا ثُمَّ أَقْبَلَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فَقَالَ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنَةٌ وَاحِدَةٌ فَهُوَ مَقْرُوحٌ‌[1] وَ مَنْ كَانَ لَهُ ابْنَتَانِ فَيَا غَوْثَاهْ بِاللَّهِ وَ مَنْ كَانَ لَ

Hadith.4697 - Hamzah ibn Humran narrated through his chain of transmission that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family) while another man was sitting with Him (sw). The man informed the Prophet (sw) about the birth of his child, and the color of the man's face changed. The Prophet (pe

الْعَقِيقَةُ لَازِمَةٌ لِمَنْ كَانَ غَنِيّاً وَ مَنْ كَانَ فَقِيراً إِذَا أَيْسَرَ فَعَلَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَعُقَّ عَنْهُ حَتَّى ضَحَّى عَنْهُ فَقَدْ أَجْزَأَتْهُ الْأُضْحِيَّةُ وَ كُلُّ مَوْلُودٍ مُرْتَهَنٌ بِعَقِيقَتِهِ وَ قَالَ فِي الْعَقِيقَةِ يُذْبَحُ عَنْهُ كَبْشٌ فَإِنْ لَمْ يُوجَدْ كَبْشٌ أَجْزَأَهُ مَا يُجْزِي فِي الْأُضْحِيَّةِ وَ إِلَّا فَحَمَلٌ أَعْظ

"Aqiqah is obligatory for those who are wealthy. As for the poor, when they become financially capable, they should perform it. If they are unable to do so, then nothing is required of them. If Aqiqah was not done for a person until a sacrifice (Udhiyyah) was offered on their behalf, the sacrifice suffices for them. Ev

"يَقُولُ: اَللَّهُمَّ هَذِهِ سُنَّتُكَ وَ سُنَّةُ نَبِيِّكَ صَلَوَاتُكَ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ وَ اِتِّبَاعٌ مِنَّا لَكَ وَ لِنَبِيِّكَ بِمَشِيَّتِكَ وَ بِإِرَادَتِكَ وَ قَضَائِكَ لِأَمْرٍ أَنْتَ أَرَدْتَهُ وَ قَضَاءٍ حَتَمْتَهُ وَ أَمْرٍ أَنْفَذْتَهُ فَأَذَقْتَهُ حَرَّ اَلْحَدِيدِ فِي خِتَانِهِ وَ حِجَامَتِهِ لِأَمْرٍ أَنْتَ أَعْرَفُ بِهِ مِنِّي اَللَّهُمَّ فَطَهِّرْهُ مِنَ اَلذُّنُوبِ وَ زِدْ فِي عُمُرِهِ وَ اِدْفَعِ اَ

Hadith.4726 - It was narrated from Murazim ibn Hakim Al-Azdi that Abu Abdullah (as) said regarding the circumcision of a child: "One should say: O Allah (swt), this is Your (swt) Sunnah and the Sunnah of Your Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him and his family), and it is our following of You (swt) and Your Prophet

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ بِهَا فَلَهَا نِصْفُ مَهْرِهَا وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَمَّى لَهَا مَهْراً فَ مَتاعٌ بِالْمَعْرُوفِ‌- .. عَلَى الْمُوسِعِ قَدَرُهُ وَ عَلَى الْمُقْتِرِ قَدَرُهُ‌ وَ لَيْسَ لَهَا عِدَّةٌ تَتَزَوَّجُ مَنْ شَاءَتْ مِنْ سَاعَتِهَا[2].

Hadith.4773 - Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl narrated from Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani, who reported from Abu Abdullah (as) that he said: "If a man divorces his wife before consummating the marriage, she is entitled to half of her dowry. However, if he had not specified a dowry for her, then 'provision must be made for her in a fa

رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّ الْغَنِيَّ يُمَتِّعُ بِدَارٍ أَوْ خَادِمٍ وَ الْوَسَطَ يُمَتِّعُ بِثَوْبٍ وَ الْفَقِيرَ بِدِرْهَمٍ أَوْ خَاتَمٍ‌[3].

Hadith.4776 - It is narrated: "The wealthy man should provide a house or a servant as a parting gift, the middle-income man should provide clothing, and the poor man should provide a silver coin or a ring."

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَهْجُرُ امْرَأَتَهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ طَلَاقٍ وَ لَا يَمِينٍ سَنَةً فَلَا يَأْتِي فِرَاشَهَا قَالَ لِيَأْتِ أَهْلَهُ وَ قَالَ ع أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ آلَى مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ وَ الْإِيلَاءُ أَنْ يَقُولَ وَ اللَّهِ لَا أُجَامِعُكِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا[3] وَ اللَّهِ لَأَغِيظَنَّكِ ثُمَّ يُغَايِظَهَا فَإِنَّهُ يُتَرَبَّصُ بِهِ أَرْبَعَةَ أَشْهُرٍ ثُمَّ يُؤْخَذُ بَعْدَ الْأَرْبَعَةِ الْأَشْهُرِ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who abandons his wife without divorcing her or taking an oath, leaving her for a year without approaching her bed. Imam (as) said: "He must return to his wife." Imam (as) also said: "Any man who swears an oath (ilaʾ) against his wife-ilaʾ being when he says, 'By Allah (swt), I will

"كَانَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى عَهْدِ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ يُقَالُ لَهُ أَوْسُ بْنُ اَلصَّامِتِ وَ كَانَتْ تَحْتَهُ اِمْرَأَةٌ يُقَالُ لَهَا خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ اَلْمُنْذِرِ فَقَالَ لَهَا ذَاتَ يَوْمٍ أَنْتِ عَلَيَّ كَظَهْرِ أُمِّي ثُمَّ نَدِمَ مِنْ سَاعَتِهِ وَ قَالَ لَهَا أَيَّتُهَا اَلْمَرْأَةُ مَا أَظُنُّكِ إِلاَّ وَ قَدْ حَرُمْتِ عَلَيَّ فَجَاءَتْ إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ

"During the time of the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family), there was a man named Aws ibn Al-Samit who was married to a woman named Khawlah bint Tha'labah. One day, he said to her: 'You are to me as the back of my mother.' He immediately regretted his words and said to her: 'O woman, I think yo

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ ظَاهَرَ مِنِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً قَالَ إِذَا هُوَ طَلَّقَهَا تَطْلِيقَةً فَقَدْ بَطَلَ الظِّهَارُ وَ هَدَمَ الطَّلَاقُ الظِّهَارَ فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ امْرَأَتُهُ فَإِنْ رَاجَعَهَا وَجَبَ عَلَيْهِ مَا يَجِبُ عَلَى الْمُظَاهِرِ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَتَمَاسَّا[2] قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَرَكَهَا حَتَّى يَحِلَّ أَجَلُهَا وَ تَمْلِكَ نَفْس

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who declared ẓihar (a form of divorce by comparison) against his wife and then divorced her with one divorce. Imam (as) said: "If he divorces her with one divorce, the ẓihar becomes nullified, and the divorce cancels the ẓihar." I asked: "Can he take he