Food & Eating

لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يُحْدِثَ فِي مَالِهِ إِلَّا الْأَكْلَةَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ وَ نِكَاحُهُ فَاسِدٌ مَرْدُودٌ قِيلَ فَإِنَّ سَيِّدَهُ عَلِمَ بِنِكَاحِهِ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ شَيْئاً قَالَ إِذَا صَمَتَ حِينَ يَعْلَمُ ذَلِكَ فَقَدْ أَقَرَّ[3] قِيلَ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمُكَاتَبُ أُعْتِقَ أَ فَتَرَى أَنْ يُجَدِّدَ نِكَاحَهُ أَوْ يَمْضِيَ عَلَى النِّكَاحِ الْأَوَّلِ قَالَ يَمْضِي عَلَى نِكَاحِهِ‌[4].

Hadith.3484 - Mu'awiyah ibn Wahb narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a mukatab (a slave under a contract of emancipation) who entered into the contract on behalf of himself and his wealth. He had a female slave and was under a condition that he should not marry. He then freed the female slave and married her. Im

رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ‌[1] وَ صُدِّقَ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ بِلَحْمٍ فَأَهْدَتْهُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَعَلَّقَتْهُ عَائِشَةُ وَ قَالَتْ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص لَا يَأْكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ فَجَاءَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص وَ اللَّحْمُ مُعَلَّقٌ فَقَالَ مَا شَأْنُ هَذَا اللَّحْمِ لَمْ يُطْبَخْ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صُدِّقَ بِهِ عَلَى بَرِيرَةَ وَ أَنْتَ لَا تَأْكُلُ الصَّدَقَةَ فَقَالَ ص هُوَ لَهَا صَد

Hadith.3497 - It is narrated from Ubaydullah ibn Ali al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), who mentioned: Barirah was married to a husband while she was still a slave. Then Aisha bought her and freed her. The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, gave her the choice: if she wished, she

إِنَّمَا هُوَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ بَعِيرٍ يُخَافُ شِرَادُهُ‌[4] فَإِذَا خِفْتَ ذَلِكَ فَاسْتَوْثِقْ مِنْهُ وَ أَشْبِعْهُ وَ اكْسُهُ قُلْتُ وَ كَمْ شِبَعُهُ قَالَ أَمَّا نَحْنُ نَرْزُقُ عِيَالَنَا مُدَّيْنِ تَمْراً.

Hadith.3536 - Zayd al-Shahham narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): He was asked about a man who fears that his slave might run away or that the slave had already run away. Should he restrain him or place a mark on his neck? Imam (as) replied: "He is like a camel you fear might escape. If you fear that, secure him properly,

لَا تُقْتَلُ وَ تُسْتَخْدَمُ خِدْمَةً شَدِيدَةً وَ تُمْنَعُ عَنِ الطَّعَامِ وَ الشَّرَابِ إِلَّا مَا تُمْسِكُ بِهِ نَفْسَهَا وَ تُلْبَسُ أَخْشَنَ الثِّيَابِ وَ تُضْرَبُ عَلَى الصَّلَوَاتِ‌[1].

Hadith.3548 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a person who apostasizes from Islam: "He is not to be killed but is to be subjected to hard labor, denied food and drink except what sustains his life, made to wear coarse clothing, and beaten to perform prayers."

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ عَلَّمْتُ ابْنِي هَذَا الْكِتَابَ فَفِي أَيِّ شَيْ‌ءٍ أُسْلِمُهُ فَقَالَ أَسْلِمْهُ لِلَّهِ أَبُوكَ وَ لَا تُسْلِمْهُ فِي خَمْسٍ لَا تُسْلِمْهُ سَيَّاءً وَ لَا صَائِغاً وَ لَا قَصَّاباً وَ لَا حَنَّاطاً وَ لَا نَخَّاساً فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَ مَا السَّيَّاءُ[4] قَالَ الَّذِي يَبِيعُ الْأَكْفَانَ وَ يَتَمَنَّى مَوْتَ أُمَّتِي وَ لَلْمَوْلُودُ مِنْ أُمَّتِي أَحَبُّ إِلَيَّ مِمَّا طَلَعَ

A man came to the Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, and said: "O Messenger of Allah (swt), I have taught my son to read and write. In what profession should I place him?" The Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, replied:"Entrust him to Allah (swt) and do not place him in five professions: Do not make him

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي جَعْفَرٍ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ حَدِيثٌ بَلَغَنِي عَنِ اَلْحَسَنِ اَلْبَصْرِيِّ فَإِنْ كَانَ حَقّاً فَ‍ "إِنّٰا لِلّٰهِ وَ إِنّٰا إِلَيْهِ رٰاجِعُونَ" قَالَ "وَ مَا هُوَ" قُلْتُ بَلَغَنِي أَنَّ اَلْحَسَنَ كَانَ يَقُولُ لَوْ غَلَى دِمَاغُهُ مِنْ حَرِّ اَلشَّمْسِ مَا اِسْتَظَلَّ بِحَائِطِ صَيْرَفِيٍّ وَ لَوْ تَفَرَّثَتْ كَبِدُهُ مَاءً وَ هُوَ عَمَلِي وَ تِجَارَتِي وَ عَلَيْهِ نَبَتَ لَحْمِي وَ دَمِي وَ مِن

Hadith.3583 - Sadir al-Sayrafi narrated: I said to Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "A report has reached me about Hasan al-Basri, and if it is true, then 'Indeed, we belong to Allah (swt) and to Him we shall return.'" Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) asked: "What is it?" I said: "I have hear

يُكْرَهُ كُلُّ مَالٍ يُنْتَهَبُ‌[4].

"I asked him about scattered treats such as sugar, almonds, and similar items-whether it is permissible to eat them. Imam (as) replied: 'It is disliked to consume anything that is seized unlawfully.'"

هُوَ سُحْتٌ.

Hadith.3588 - It is narrated from Al-Sakuni, from Abu Abdillah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that: "He (as) used to forbid eating the walnuts that children bring from gambling, and He (as) said it is unlawful (suht)."

فَبَكَى دَاوُدُ ع فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ إِلَى الْحَدِيدِ أَنْ لِنْ لِعَبْدِي دَاوُدَ فَلَانَ‌ فَأَلَانَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى لَهُ الْحَدِيدَ[1] فَكَانَ يَعْمَلُ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ دِرْعاً فَيَبِيعُهَا بِأَلْفِ دِرْهَمٍ فَعَمِلَ ع ثَلَاثَمِائَةٍ وَ سِتِّينَ دِرْعاً فَبَاعَهَا بِثَلَاثِمِائَةٍ وَ سِتِّينَ أَلْفاً وَ اسْتَغْنَى عَنْ بَيْتِ الْمَالِ.

Hadith.3594 - It is narrated from Sharif ibn Sabiq Al-Taflisi, from Al-Fadl ibn Abi Qurrah Al-Samandi Al-Kufi, from Abu Abdullah (as), that Commander of the Faithful (as) said: "Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic, revealed to Dawud (as): 'You are an excellent servant, except that you eat from the public treasury an

"أَنَا أَفْعَلُهُ".

Hadith.3620 - Mu'ammar ibn Khallad asked Abu al-Hasan Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) about storing food for a year. Imam (as) replied: "I do it myself."

إِنَّ آكِلَ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ سَيَلْحَقُهُ وَبَالُ ذَلِكَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَ الْآخِرَةِ أَمَّا فِي الدُّنْيَا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- وَ لْيَخْشَ الَّذِينَ لَوْ تَرَكُوا مِنْ خَلْفِهِمْ ذُرِّيَّةً ضِعافاً خافُوا عَلَيْهِمْ فَلْيَتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَ أَمَّا فِي الْآخِرَةِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَقُولُ- إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ أَمْوالَ الْيَتامى ظُلْماً إِنَّما يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ ناراً

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا تَرَى فِي الرَّجُلِ يَلِي أَعْمَالَ السُّلْطَانِ لَيْسَ لَهُ مَكْسَبٌ إِلَّا مِنْ أَعْمَالِهِمْ وَ أَنَا أَمُرُّ بِهِ وَ أَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِ فَيُضِيفُنِي وَ يُحْسِنُ إِلَيَّ وَ رُبَّمَا أَمَرَ لِي بِالدَّرَاهِمِ وَ الْكِسْوَةِ وَ قَدْ ضَاقَ صَدْرِي مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ لِي خُذْ وَ كُلْ مِنْهُ فَلَكَ الْمَهْنَأُ وَ عَلَيْهِ الْوِزْرُ[3].

I said to Abu Abdullah (as), 'What do you think about a man who holds positions in the service of the Sultan and has no means of livelihood except through his work for them? I pass by him, and he hosts me, treats me kindly, and sometimes gives me dirhams and clothing. I feel uneasy about this.' Imam (as) said to me: 'T

مَنْ مَرَّ بِبَسَاتِينَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَأْكُلَ مِنْ ثِمَارِهَا وَ لَا يَحْمِلْ مَعَهُ مِنْهَا شَيْئاً[4]

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع إِنِّي دَفَعْتُ إِلَى أَخِي جَعْفَرٍ مَالًا فَهُوَ يُعْطِينِي مَا أُنْفِقُهُ وَ أَحُجُّ مِنْهُ وَ أَتَصَدَّقُ وَ قَدْ سَأَلْتُ مَنْ عِنْدَنَا فَذَكَرُوا أَنَّ ذَلِكَ فَاسِدٌ لَا يَحِلُّ وَ أَنَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَنْتَهِيَ فِي ذَلِكَ إِلَى قَوْلِكَ فَقَالَ أَ كَانَ يَصِلُكَ قَبْلَ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ إِلَيْهِ مَالَكَ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ خُذْ مِنْهُ مَا يُعْطِيكَ وَ كُلْ وَ اشْرَبْ وَ حُجَّ وَ تَصَدَّقْ

I said to Abu Abdillah (as), "I gave my brother Ja'far some money, and he gives me from it what I spend, perform Hajj with, and give in charity. I asked the people around us, and they said that this is invalid and not permissible. I wish to follow your guidance in this matter." Imam (as) said: "Did he use to give to yo

نَعَمْ يَأْكُلُ مِنْ طَعَامِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ وَ لَا يَأْكُلُ بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ شَيْئاً[2].

Hadith.3705 - Sama'ah asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who stays with another man to whom he owes a debt. Is it permissible for him to eat from his food? Imam (as) said: "Yes, he may eat from his food for three days, but after that, he should not eat anything."

لِلرَّجُلِ انْطَلِقْ فَاسْتَوْفِ حَقَّكَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[2].

Hadith.3773 - Abd Al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah narrated from Abu Abdillah (as): I asked him about a man who owed a kurr (a measure) of food and then purchased a kurr from another man. He said to the seller, "Go and take your right (measure) from the food I owe." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."

إِنْ كَانَ يَوْمَ ابْتَاعَهُ سَاعَرَهُ بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا فَهُوَ ذَاكَ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ سَاعَرَهُ فَإِنَّمَا لَهُ سِعْرُ يَوْمِهِ‌[3] قَالَ وَ قَالَ فِي الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ لَوْنَانِ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَاحِدٍ قَدْ سَعَّرَهُمَا بِشَيْ‌ءٍ وَ أَحَدُهُمَا خَيْرٌ مِنَ الْآخَرِ فَيَخْلِطُهُمَا جَمِيعاً ثُمَّ يَبِيعُهُمَا بِسِعْرٍ وَاحِدٍ قَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ يَغُشَّ بِهِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى يُبَيِّنَه

Hadith.3774 - Abdullah ibn Muskan narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as): Regarding a man who purchased food with dirhams from another man, took half of it, and then returned later - after the price of the food had either increased or decreased. Imam (as) said: "If, on the day he purchased it, they agreed on a

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ يَشْتَرِي الطَّعَامَ فَيَتَغَيَّرُ سِعْرُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهُ قَالَ إِنِّي لَأُحِبُّ أَنْ يَفِيَ لَهُ كَمَا أَنَّهُ لَوْ كَانَ فِيهِ فَضْلٌ أَخَذَهُ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who purchases food, and its price changes before he takes possession of it. Imam (as) said: "I prefer that he honors the agreement (at the original price), just as he would have taken the benefit if there had been an increase in value."

سَأَلَهُ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ الْحَنَّاطُ فَقَالَ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ أَبِيعُ الطَّعَامَ مِنَ الرَّجُلِ إِلَى أَجَلٍ فَأَجِي‌ءُ وَ قَدْ تَغَيَّرَ الطَّعَامُ مِنْ سِعْرِهِ فَيَقُولُ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي دَرَاهِمُ قَالَ خُذْ مِنْهُ بِسِعْرِ يَوْمِهِ قَالَ أَفْهَمُ أَصْلَحَكَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ طَعَامِيَ الَّذِي اشْتَرَاهُ مِنِّي‌[1] قَالَ لَا تَأْخُذْ مِنْهُ حَتَّى يَبِيعَ وَ يُعْطِيَكَ قَالَ أَرْغَمَ اللَّهُ أَنْفِي رَخَّص

Hadith.3777 - It is narrated from Abd Al-Samad ibn Bashir, from Abu Abdillah (as): Muhammad ibn Al-Qasim Al-Hannat asked him, "May Allah (swt) keep you well. I sell food to a man on credit, and when I go to collect payment, the price of the food has changed, and he says, 'I do not have dirhams.' What should I do?" Imam

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَشْتَرِي طَعَاماً فَيَكُونُ أَحْسَنَ لَهُ وَ أَنْفَقَ أَنْ يَبُلَّهُ‌[3] مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَلْتَمِسَ زِيَادَةً فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ لَا يُصْلِحُهُ إِلَّا ذَلِكَ وَ لَا يُنْفِقُهُ غَيْرُهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ يَلْتَمِسَ فِيهِ الزِّيَادَةَ فَلَا بَأْسَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ إِنَّمَا يَغُشُّ بِهِ الْمُسْلِمِينَ فَلَا يَصْلُحُ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who buys food and finds it more suitable and marketable if he moistens it, without intending to increase its weight. Imam (as) said: "If it cannot be preserved or sold without doing that, and there is no intention of increasing its weight, then there is no harm. But if the purpose

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْقَوْمِ يَدْخُلُونَ السَّفِينَةَ يَشْتَرُونَ الطَّعَامَ فَيُسَاوِمُونَ مِنْهُ‌[4] ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيهِ رَجُلٌ مِنْهُمْ فَيَسْأَلُونَهُ فَيُعْطِيهِمْ مَا يُرِيدُونَ مِنَ الطَّعَامِ فَيَكُونُ صَاحِبُ الطَّعَامِ هُوَ الَّذِي يَدْفَعُهُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَ يَقْبِضُ الثَّمَنَ‌[5] قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ مَا أَرَاهُمْ إِلَّا وَ قَدْ شَارَكُوهُ فَقُلْتُ إِنَّ صَاحِبَ الطَّعَامِ يَدْعُو الْكَيَّالَ فَيَكِيلُهُ

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a group of people who board a ship to purchase food. They negotiate the price, and one of them buys it. Then the others request portions of the food from him, and he provides it to them while the seller handles the weighing and receives the payment. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in t

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَشْتَرِي طَعَاماً إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَيَطْلُبُهُ التُّجَّارُ مِنِّي بَعْدَ مَا اشْتَرَيْتُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ أَقْبِضَهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَبِيعَ إِلَى أَجَلٍ كَمَا اشْتَرَيْتَهُ وَ لَيْسَ لَكَ أَنْ تَدْفَعَ أَوْ تَقْبِضَ‌[3] قُلْتُ فَإِذَا قَبَضْتُهُ جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ فَلِي أَنْ أَدْفَعَهُ بِكَيْلِهِ‌[4] قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ إِذَا رَضُوا وَ قَالَ ع كُلُّ طَعَامٍ اشْتَرَيْتَهُ مِنْ ب

I asked Abu Abdillah (as): "I buy food on deferred payment until a specified time, and then merchants request to buy it from me before I take possession of it." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in selling it on deferred payment, as you purchased it, but you are not allowed to hand it over or take possession of it befo

لِلْمُشْتَرِي ابْتَعْ‌ مِنِّي هَذَا الْعِدْلَ الْآخَرَ بِغَيْرِ كَيْلٍ فَإِنَّ فِيهِ مَا فِي الْآخَرِ الَّذِي ابْتَعْتَهُ قَالَ لَا يَصْلُحُ إِلَّا بِكَيْلٍ‌[1] قَالَ وَ مَا كَانَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ سَمَّيْتَ فِيهِ كَيْلًا فَإِنَّهُ لَا يَصْلُحُ مُجَازَفَةً[2] هَذَا مِمَّا يُكْرَهُ مِنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ.

Hadith.3781 - Ibn Muskan narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as): Regarding a man who purchased a measured amount of food from another man, and then the seller said to the buyer, "Buy this other sack without measuring it, for it contains the same amount as the one you already purchased." Imam (as) said: "This i

لَا بَأْسَ وَ لَكِنْ لَا تَبِعْهُ حَتَّى تَكِيلَهُ‌[3].

Hadith.3782 - Abd Al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdillah asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who buys food and then sells it back to the same seller based on the original measurement, trusting him regarding the quantity. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in this, but do not sell it until you measure it."

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى مِنْ طَعَامِ قَرْيَةٍ بِعَيْنِهِ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ خَرَجَ فَهُوَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَخْرُجْ كَانَ دَيْناً عَلَيْهِ‌[1].

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who purchased food specifically from a village. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. If the food is delivered, it belongs to him. But if it is not delivered, then it remains a debt upon the seller."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع قُلْتُ إِنَّا نَشْتَرِي الطَّعَامَ مِنَ السُّفُنِ ثُمَّ نَكِيلُهُ فَيَزِيدُ[2] قَالَ وَ رُبَّمَا نَقَصَ عَلَيْكُمْ قُلْتُ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَإِذَا نَقَصَ يَرُدُّونَ عَلَيْكُمْ قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as): "We buy food from ships, and then we measure it, sometimes finding an excess." Imam (as) said: "And perhaps it might sometimes be less for you?" I said: "Yes." Imam (as) said: "If it is less, do they compensate you?" I said: "No." Imam (as) said: "Then there is no harm."

وَ كَمْ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا فِي كُلِّ عَشَرَةِ آلَافٍ أَلْفَيْنِ قَالَ فَإِنِّي أَبِيعُكُمْ هَذَا الْمَتَاعَ بِاثْنَيْ عَشَرَ أَلْفاً[3].

Hadith.3800 - Ubaydullah ibn Ali al-Halabi and Muhammad al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): Goods arrived for Abu Abdullah (as) from Egypt. Imam (as) prepared food and invited the merchants. They said: "We will take it at dah dawazdah (a price of twelve)." Imam (as) asked: "And how much does that amount to?" The

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ قَوْمٍ اشْتَرَوْا بَزّاً[4] فَاشْتَرَكُوا فِيهِ جَمِيعاً وَ لَمْ يَقْتَسِمُوهُ أَ يَصْلُحُ لِأَحَدٍ مِنْهُمْ بَيْعَ بَزِّهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْبِضَهُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ وَ قَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا لَيْسَ بِمَنْزِلَةِ الطَّعَامِ لِأَنَّ الطَّعَامَ يُكَالُ.

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a group of people who bought cloth and jointly owned it without dividing it among themselves. Is it permissible for any one of them to sell his share of the cloth before taking possession of it? The Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that." Then Imam (as) added: "This is not like food

مَا كَانَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ سَمَّيْتَ فِيهِ كَيْلًا فَلَا يَصْلُحُ بَيْعُهُ مُجَازَفَةً هَذَا مِمَّا يُكْرَهُ مِنْ بَيْعِ الطَّعَامِ[5].

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى تِبْنَ بَيْدَرٍ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُدَاسَ تِبْنَ كُلِّ كُرٍّ بِشَيْ‌ءٍ مَعْلُومٍ فَيَأْخُذُ التِّبْنَ وَ يَبِيعُهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُكَالَ الطَّعَامُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[2].

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who purchased straw from a threshing floor before it was threshed, each load of straw for a specified amount, and he took the straw and sold it before the grain was measured. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."

قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ مَا كَانَ مِنْ طَعَامٍ سَمَّيْتَ فِيهِ كَيْلًا فَلَا يَصْلُحُ مُجَازَفَةً[5].

Hadith.3838 - Ibn Muskan narrated from Al-Halabi who said that Abu Abdillah (as) said: "Any food for which a specific measure has been stipulated cannot be sold without measurement."

لَهُ خُذْ مِنِّي نِصْفَ بَذْرِكَ وَ نِصْفَ نَفَقَتِكَ فِي هَذِهِ الْأَرْضِ لِأُشَارِكَكَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ‌[5].

Hadith.3868 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who cultivates one hundred jaribs of crops, whether food or other plants, using his own seeds. Then another man comes to him and says, "Take half of my seeds and half of my expenses for this land so that I may share the partnership with you." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm

يَشْتَرِيهِ بِالْوَرِقِ فَإِنَّ أَصْلَهُ طَعَامٌ‌[5].

Hadith.3881 - Sama'ah asked him about a man who entered into a farming partnership with a Muslim or a covenant holder (Mu'ahid) and spent on it, but then decided to sell it. Imam (as) said: "He may sell it for silver coins, for its origin is food."

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌[5] عَنْ رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَرْضاً مِنْ أَرْضِ الْخَرَاجِ‌

Hadith.3902 - Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who rented land from the kharaj lands for a specified amount of dirhams or a specified quantity of food. He then subleased it, piece by piece or plot by plot, for a known price, and gained a profit over what he rented it for from the authorities without spending any

قَدْ ذَهَبَ أَوْ أُهْرِقَ أَوْ قُطِعَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّرِيقُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ عَلَيْهِ بِبَيِّنَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ أَنَّهُ قُطِعَ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ ذَهَبَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْ‌ءٌ وَ إِلَّا ضَمِنَ‌[1] وَ فِي رَجُلٍ حَمَلَ مَعَهُ رَجُلٌ فِي سَفِينَتِهِ طَعَاماً فَنَقَصَ قَالَ هُوَ ضَامِنٌ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا زَادَ قَالَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ زَادَ فِيهِ شَيْئاً قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ هُوَ لَكَ.

Hadith.3920 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding a camel driver who carries oil and claims that it was lost, spilled, or taken by robbers. Imam (as) said: "If he brings trustworthy evidence that it was stolen, lost, or taken, then he is not liable. Otherwise, he is responsible for compens

اشْتَرِ لِنَفْسِكَ طَعَاماً وَ اسْتَوْفِ حَقَّكَ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ تُوَلِّيَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَكَ وَ تَقُومَ مَعَهُ حَتَّى تَقْبِضَ الَّذِي لَكَ وَ لَا تَوَلَّ أَنْتَ شِرَاءَهُ‌[4].

Hadith.3934 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as): Imam (as) was asked about a man to whom I had lent dirhams in advance for food. When the time came for me to receive the food, he sent me dirhams and said: "Buy food for yourself and settle your due." Imam (as) said: "I think you should appoint someo

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ فِي الْحِنْطَةِ أَوِ التَّمْرِ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ فَيَأْتِي صَاحِبُهُ- حِينَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ الدَّيْنُ فَيَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا عِنْدِي إِلَّا نِصْفُ الَّذِي لَكَ فَخُذْ مِنِّي إِنْ شِئْتَ بِنِصْفِ الَّذِي لَكَ حِنْطَةً وَ نِصْفاً وَرِقاً فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِذَا أَخَذَ مِنْهُ الْوَرِقَ كَمَا أَعْطَاهُ-[5] قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ جُلَّةٌ مِنْ بُسْرٍ

I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who makes an advance payment of 100 dirhams for wheat or dates. When the debt becomes due, the seller says, "By Allah (swt), I only have half of what is owed to you. Take half in wheat and the other half in cash if you wish." Imam (as) said: "There is n

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ فِي غَيْرِ زَرْعٍ وَ لَا نَخْلٍ قَالَ يُسَمِّي كَيْلًا مَعْلُوماً إِلَى‌ أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ‌[1] قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ‌[2] عَنِ السَّلَمِ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ وَ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَرْتَهِنَ الرَّجُلُ بِمَالِهِ رَهْناً قَالَ نَعَمْ اسْتَوْثِقْ مِنْ مَالِكَ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who makes a forward contract (salam) for something other than crops or dates. Imam (as) said: "He should specify a known measure and set a fixed time for delivery." I also asked Imam (as) about making a forward contract for livestock or food and whether the creditor can take collat

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَرَاهِمُ مِنْ ثَمَنِ غَنَمٍ اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْهُ فَأَتَى الطَّالِبُ الْمَطْلُوبَ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَطْلُوبُ أَبِيعُكَ هَذِهِ الْغَنَمَ بِدَرَاهِمِكَ الَّتِي لَكَ عِنْدِي فَرَضِيَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.

I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "A man owed another man dirhams for the price of sheep he had bought from him. The creditor came to demand payment, and the debtor said: 'I will sell you these sheep for the dirhams I owe you.' The creditor agreed." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْلَفَ فِي شَيْ‌ءٍ يُسْلِفُ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنَ الثِّمَارِ فَذَهَبَ ثِمَارُهَا[5] وَ لَمْ يَسْتَوْفِ سَلَفَهُ قَالَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ رَأْسَ مَالِهِ أَوْ لِيُنْظِرْهُ.

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who made an advance payment (salam) for something that people typically make advance payments for, such as fruits, but the fruits were destroyed, and he did not receive what was due. Imam (as) said: "Let him take back his principal amount, or he may grant the debtor more time."

نَعَمْ يُسَمِّي كَذَا وَ كَذَا بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا صَاعاً[6].

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who had advanced dirhams to another man for wheat. When the due date arrived, the debtor did not have any food but had animals, slaves, and goods. I asked: "Is it permissible for him to take these items in place of the wheat owed to him?" Imam (as) said: "Yes, he may specify such a

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ‌ يَشْتَرِي الْجُلُودَ مِنَ الْقَصَّابِ فَيُعْطِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ شَيْئاً مَعْلُوماً[1] فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.

I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "A man buys hides from a butcher and pays him a fixed amount every day." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."

لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[2].

Hadith.3941 - It is narrated from Aban that Imam (as) said regarding a man who advances dirhams to another man and pays him in another land. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."

لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَسْتَوْثِقَ مِنْ مَالِكَ‌[3].

Hadith.3942 - Sama'ah asked him about a pledge (rahn) that a man gives as security in a salam transaction when he advances payment for food, goods, or animals. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in securing your wealth."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ السَّلَمِ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ فَقُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ فِي أَسْنَانٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ أَوْ شَيْ‌ءٍ مَعْلُومٍ مِنَ الرَّقِيقِ فَأَعْطَاهُ دُونَ شَرْطِهِ أَوْ فَوْقَهُ بِطِيبَةِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[5].

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about salam transactions involving animals. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." I then asked: "What if he specifies particular ages or certain characteristics of slaves and delivers something less or more than the condition agreed upon, with mutual consent?" Imam (as) said: "There is no

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَاعَ طَعَاماً بِدَرَاهِمَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْأَجَلُ تَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي دَرَاهِمُ خُذْ مِنِّي طَعَاماً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّمَا لَهُ دَرَاهِمُ يَأْخُذُ بِهَا مَا شَاءَ[2].

I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who sold food for dirhams. When the payment became due, he demanded his money, but the buyer said: "I do not have dirhams; take food instead." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. He is entitled to dirhams, and he may take whatever he wishes in exchange for them."

لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الزَّعْفَرَانِ يُسْلِفُ فِيهِ الرَّجُلُ دَرَاهِمَ فِي عِشْرِينَ مِثْقَالًا أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الزَّعْفَرَانُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ نِصْفَ حَقِّهِ أَوْ ثُلُثَهُ أَوْ ثُلُثَيْهِ وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ حَقِّهِ دَرَاهِمَ‌[5].

Hadith.3945 - Ubaydullah bin Ali Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdillah (as): Imam (as) was asked about a man who lent dirhams in advance for five measures of wheat or barley until a specified time. When the payment became due, the debtor was unable to repay the full amount of wheat or barley. The creditor wanted to take

لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْغَنَمُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ صَاحِبُ الْغَنَمِ نِصْفَهَا أَوْ ثُلُثَهَا أَوْ ثُلُثَيْهَا وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ دَرَاهِمَ وَ يَأْخُذَ[1] دُونَ شَرْطِهِمْ وَ لَا يَأْخُذْ فَوْقَ شَرْطِهِمْ‌[2] قَالَ وَ الْأَكْسِيَةُ أَيْضاً مِثْلُ الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ الزَّعْفَرَانِ وَ الْغَنَمِ.

Hadith.3946 - Imam (as) was asked about a man who lends in advance for sheep, both two-year-olds and younger ones, until a specified time. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm if the debtor cannot deliver all the sheep he owes. The creditor may take half, a third, or two-thirds of the sheep, and receive the remaining valu

سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ‌ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ إِسْلَافُ السَّمْنِ بِالزَّيْتِ وَ لَا الزَّيْتِ بِالسَّمْنِ‌[4].

I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "It is not proper for a man to lend ghee in exchange for oil, nor oil in exchange for ghee."

لَا تَقْرَبَنَّهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُعْطِيكَ مَرَّةً السَّمِينَ وَ مَرَّةً التَّاوِيَ‌[6] وَ مَرَّةً الْمَهْزُولَ فَاشْتَرِهِ مُعَايَنَةً يَداً بِيَدٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ السَّلَفِ فِي رَوَايَا الْمَاءِ[7] فَقَالَ لَا فَإِنَّهُ يُعْطِيكَ مَرَّةً نَاقِصَةً وَ مَرَّةً كَامِلَةً وَ لَكِنِ اشْتَرِهَا مُعَايَنَةً فَهَذَا أَسْلَمُ لَكَ وَ لَهُ‌[8].

Hadith.3948 - Amr ibn Shimr narrated from Jabir, who reported: Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) was asked about lending meat in advance. Imam (as) said: "Do not approach it, for sometimes he may give you fat meat, sometimes lean meat, and sometimes emaciated meat. Instead, buy it through direct observatio