Book of Fasting

"سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الصَّلَاةِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ، فَقَالَ: ثَلَاثَ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً، مِنْهَا الْوِتْرُ وَرَكْعَتَانِ قَبْلَ صَلَاةِ الْفَجْرِ، وَلَوْ كَانَ فَضْلًا كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ أَعْمَلَ بِهِ وَأَحَقَّ".

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the prayer during the Month of Ramadan. Imam (as) said: 'Thirteen rak'ahs, including the witr prayer and two rak'ahs before the Fajr prayer. If there were any additional merit, the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) would have been more diligent in performing it

كَمَا يُصَلَّى فِيهِ قَالَ كَمَا يُصَلَّى فِي غَيْرِهِ إِلَّا أَنَّ لِشَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عَلَى سَائِرِ الشُّهُورِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ مَا يَنْبَغِي لِلْعَبْدِ أَنْ يَزِيدَ فِي تَطَوُّعِهِ فَإِنْ أَحَبَّ وَ قَوِيَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَزِيدَ فِي أَوَّلِ الشَّهْرِ إِلَى عِشْرِينَ لَيْلَةً كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ عِشْرِينَ رَكْعَةً سِوَى مَا كَانَ يُصَلِّي قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ يُصَلِّي مِنْ هَذِهِ الْعِشْرِينَ اثْنَتَيْ عَشْرَةَ رَكْعَةً بَيْنَ

Hadith.1967 – Imam (as) was asked about the prayer during the Month of Ramadan and said: "It is prayed as in other months. However, Month of Ramadan holds additional merit over other months, so it is appropriate for a servant to increase their voluntary prayers. If one desires and has the strength, they may add twenty

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْخُرُوجِ إِذَا دَخَلَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ لَا إِلَّا فِيمَا أُخْبِرُكَ بِهِ خُرُوجٌ إِلَى مَكَّةَ أَوْ غَزْوٌ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ مَالٌ تَخَافُ هَلَاكَهُ أَوْ أَخٌ تَخَافُ هَلَاكَهُ وَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ بِأَخٍ مِنَ الْأَبِ وَ الْأُمِ‌[1].

"I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about traveling once the Month of Ramadan has begun. Imam (as) said: 'Do not [travel], except in cases I will inform you of: traveling to Mecca, waging battle in the way of Allah (swt) Almighty, preserving wealth you fear will perish, or saving a brother you fear will face destruction—and he

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَدْخُلُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ مُقِيمٌ لَا يُرِيدُ بَرَاحاً[2] ثُمَّ يَبْدُو لَهُ بَعْدَ مَا يَدْخُلُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ أَنْ يُسَافِرَ فَسَكَتَ فَسَأَلْتُهُ غَيْرَ مَرَّةٍ فَقَالَ يُقِيمُ أَفْضَلُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ حَاجَةٌ لَا بُدَّ لَهُ مِنَ الْخُرُوجِ فِيهَا أَوْ يَتَخَوَّفَ عَلَى مَالِهِ.

Hadith.1969 - Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): "I asked him about a man who begins the Month of Ramadan while residing [at home] without any intention to travel. Then, after the month has started, he decides to travel. Imam (as) remained silent. I asked him multiple times, and Imam (as) finally said: 'Staying

أَنَّهُ سُئِلَ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَعْرِضُ لَهُ اَلسَّفَرُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ هُوَ مُقِيمٌ وَ قَدْ مَضَى مِنْهُ أَيَّامٌ فَقَالَ «لاَ بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يُسَافِرَ وَ يُفْطِرَ وَ لاَ يَصُومَ ».

Hadith.1970 - Al-Ala' narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far (as): "He was asked about a man who encounters the need to travel during the Month of Ramadan while he is residing, and some days have already passed. Imam (as) said: 'There is no harm if he travels, breaks his fast, and does not fast.'"

إِنْ كَانَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ فَسُئِلَ أَيُّهُمَا أَفْضَلُ يُقِيمُ وَ يَصُومُ أَوْ يُشَيِّعُهُ قَالَ يُشَيِّعُهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ وَضَعَ الصَّوْمَ عَنْهُ إِذَا شَيَّعَهُ.

Hadith.1971 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about a man who sets out to accompany his brother on a journey for two or three days. Imam (as) said: "If it is during the Month of Ramadan, let him break his fast." He was then asked: "Which is better, for him to stay and fast or to accompany his brother?"

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِي قَدْ جَاءَنِي خَبَرُهُ مِنَ الْأَعْوَصِ‌[3] وَ ذَلِكَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَتَلَقَّاهُ‌[4] وَ أُفْطِرُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قُلْتُ أَتَلَقَّاهُ وَ أُفْطِرُ أَوْ أُقِيمُ وَ أَصُومُ قَالَ تَلَقَّاهُ وَ أَفْطِرْ.

I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "A man from among my companions has sent me news that he is coming from Al-A‘was, and this is during the Month of Ramadan. Should I go to meet him and break my fast?" Imam (as) replied: "Yes." I asked: "Should I go to meet him and break my fast, or should I stay and continue fasting?" Imam

الصَّائِمُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ كَالْمُفْطِرِ فِيهِ فِي الْحَضَرِ ثُمَّ قَالَ إِنَّ رَجُلًا أَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَقَالَ لَا فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ عَلَيَّ يَسِيرٌ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَ تَعَالَى تَصَدَّقَ عَلَى مَرْضَى أُمَّتِي وَ مُسَافِرِيهَا بِالْإِفْطَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَ يُحِبُّ

"A fasting person in the Month of Ramadan while traveling is like one who breaks his fast in the Month of Ramadan while at home." Imam (as) then added: "A man came to the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) and said, 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), should I fast during the Month of Ramadan while tr

مَا أَبْيَنَهَا مَنْ شَهِدَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَ مَنْ سَافَرَ فَلَا يَصُمْهُ.

Hadith.1974 - Ubayd ibn Zurara asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the verse of Allah (swt), the Exalted: "So whoever among you witnesses the month, let him fast it." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:185) Imam (as) replied: "How clear it is! Whoever is present (not traveling) should fast it, and whoever is traveling should not fast it."

لَوْ أَنَّ رَجُلًا مَاتَ صَائِماً فِي السَّفَرِ لَمَا صَلَّيْتُ عَلَيْهِ.

Hadith.1975 - Muhammad ibn Hakim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that he said: "If a man were to die while fasting during travel, I would not perform the funeral prayer for him."

سَمَّى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص قَوْماً صَامُوا حِينَ أَفْطَرَ وَ قَصَّرَ الْعُصَاةَ قَالَ وَ هُمُ الْعُصَاةُ إِلَى يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ إِنَّا لَنَعْرِفُ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ وَ أَبْنَاءَ أَبْنَائِهِمْ إِلَى يَوْمِنَا هَذَا.

"The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) called a group of people who fasted when he broke his fast and shortened his prayer as 'disobedient.' He (sw) said: 'They are disobedient until the Day of Judgment, and we recognize their children and the children of their children up to this day of ours.

إِذَا خَرَجَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مُسَافِراً أَفْطَرَ وَ قَالَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص خَرَجَ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ إِلَى مَكَّةَ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ مَعَهُ النَّاسُ وَ فِيهِمُ الْمُشَاةُ فَلَمَّا انْتَهَى إِلَى كُرَاعِ الْغَمِيمِ‌[2] دَعَا بِقَدَحٍ مِنْ مَاءٍ فِيمَا بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَ الْعَصْرِ فَشَرِبَ وَ أَفْطَرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ النَّاسُ مَعَهُ وَ تَمَّ أُنَاسٌ عَلَى صَوْمِهِمْ فَسَمَّاهُمُ الْعُصَاةَ وَ إِ

"When a man travels during the Month of Ramadan, he breaks his fast." Imam (as) continued: "The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) departed from Medina to Mecca during Month of Ramadan, accompanied by people among whom were pedestrians. When he reached Kurāʿ al-Ghamīm, between noon and afternoo

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ خِيَارُ أُمَّتِيَ الَّذِينَ إِذَا سَافَرُوا أَفْطَرُوا وَ قَصَّرُوا وَ إِذَا أَحْسَنُوا اسْتَبْشَرُوا وَ إِذَا أَسَاءُوا اسْتَغْفَرُوا وَ شِرَارُ أُمَّتِيَ الَّذِينَ وُلِدُوا فِي النَّعِيمِ وَ غُذُّوا بِهِ يَأْكُلُونَ طَيِّبَ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَلْبَسُونَ لَيِّنَ الثِّيَابِ وَ إِذَا تَكَلَّمُوا لَمْ يَصْدُقُوا.

The Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "The best among my nation are those who break their fast and shorten their prayers when traveling, rejoice when they do good, and seek forgiveness when they commit wrongs. The worst among my nation are those who are born into luxury, nurtured in it,

سَمِعْتُهُ يَقُولُ‌ مَنْ سَافَرَ قَصَّرَ وَ أَفْطَرَ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ رَجُلًا سَفَرُهُ إِلَى صَيْدٍ[1] أَوْ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ رَسُولًا لِمَنْ يَعْصِي اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ أَوْ طَلَبِ عَدُوٍّ أَوْ شَحْنَاءَ أَوْ سِعَايَةٍ[2] أَوْ ضَرَرٍ عَلَى قَوْمٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ.

"I heard Imam (as) say: Whoever travels must shorten their prayers and break their fast, except in the case of a person whose travel is for hunting, committing a sin against Allah (swt) the Almighty, acting as a messenger for someone disobedient to Allah (swt), pursuing an enemy, fostering enmity, engaging in slander,

وَ قَالَ ع‌ لَا يُفْطِرُ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا بِسَبِيلِ حَقٍ‌[3].

Hadith.1980 - Imam (as) said: "A man should not break his fast in the Month of Ramadan except for a rightful cause."

فَقَدْ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع‌ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْبِرِّ الصَّوْمُ فِي السَّفَرِ.

[Regarding fasting voluntarily while traveling] Hadith.1981 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Fasting while traveling is not an act of righteousness."

إِنْ خَرَجَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَنْتَصِفَ النَّهَارُ فَلْيُفْطِرْ وَ لْيَقْضِ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ وَ إِنْ خَرَجَ بَعْدَ الزَّوَالِ فَلْيُتِمَّ يَوْمَهُ‌[5].

Hadith.1982 - Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): He was asked about a man who leaves his house intending to travel while fasting. The Imam (as) replied: "If he departs before the middle of the day, let him break his fast and make up that day. But if he departs after midday, let him complete his day."

إِذَا سَافَرَ الرَّجُلُ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَخَرَجَ بَعْدَ نِصْفِ النَّهَارِ فَعَلَيْهِ صِيَامُ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ وَ يَعْتَدُّ بِهِ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ إِذَا دَخَلَ أَرْضاً قَبْلَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ وَ هُوَ يُرِيدُ الْإِقَامَةَ بِهَا فَعَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ ذَلِكَ‌ الْيَوْمِ وَ إِنْ دَخَلَ بَعْدَ طُلُوعِ الْفَجْرِ فَلَا صِيَامَ عَلَيْهِ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ‌[1].

Hadith.1983 - Al-‘Ala’ narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): "If a man travels during the Month of Ramadan and departs after midday, he must fast that day, and it will be counted as part of his Month of Ramadan fast. However, if he enters a place before dawn with the intention of staying there

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنْ رَجُلٍ يُقْبِلُ‌[2] فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ مِنْ سَفَرٍ حَتَّى يَرَى أَنَّهُ سَيَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ ضَحْوَةً[3] أَوِ ارْتِفَاعَ النَّهَارِ قَالَ إِذَا طَلَعَ الْفَجْرُ وَ هُوَ خَارِجٌ لَمْ يَدْخُلْ فَهُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ صَامَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَفْطَرَ.

Hadith.1984 - Rifa‘ah ibn Musa narrated from Imam Abu Abdullah (as): "I asked him about a man who returns from a journey during Month of Ramadan, expecting to reach his family by mid-morning or later in the day. Imam (as) said: 'If dawn rises while he is still outside (and has not yet entered his hometown), he has the

فِي الْمُسَافِرِ يَدْخُلُ أَهْلَهُ وَ هُوَ جُنُبٌ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَكَلَ فَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُتِمَّ صَوْمَهُ وَ لَا قَضَاءَ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ‌[4] يَعْنِي إِذَا كَانَتْ جَنَابَتُهُ مِنِ احْتِلَامٍ.

Hadith.1985 - Yunus ibn Abdul-Rahman narrated from Imam Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) that he said regarding a traveler who reaches his home while in a state of ritual impurity (janabah) before noon and has not yet eaten: "He must complete his fast, and there is no requirement to make it up." The Imam (as) clarifi

فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ بِالنَّهَارِ فِي اَلسَّفَرِ فَقَالَ «مَا عَرَفَ هَذَا حَقَّ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّ لَهُ فِي اَللَّيْلِ سَبْحاً طَوِيلاً » قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ أَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْكُلَ وَ يَشْرَبَ وَ يُقَصِّرَ قَالَ «إِنَّ اَللَّهَ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ رَخَّصَ لِلْمُسَافِرِ فِي اَلْإِفْطَارِ وَ اَلتَّقْصِيرِ رَحْمَةً وَ تَخْفِيفاً لِمَوْضِعِ اَلتَّعَبِ وَ اَلنَّصَبِ وَ وَعْثِ اَلسَّفَرِ وَ لَمْ يُرَخِّصْ لَهُ فِي مُجَ

Hadith.1986 - Abdullah ibn Sinan asked Imam Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who engages with his concubine during the day in the Month of Ramadan while traveling. The Imam (as) responded: "This person has not recognized the sanctity of the Month of Ramadan, for he has a long stretch of permissible time at night." The que

قُلْتُ لَهُ رَجُلٌ صَامَ فِي السَّفَرِ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص نَهَى عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَعَلَيْهِ الْقَضَاءُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ بَلَغَهُ فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَيْهِ.

Hadith.1987 - Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that he said: I asked him about a man who fasted while traveling. The Imam (as) replied: "If he was informed that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) prohibited fasting in such a situation, then he must make up for it (qada). However, i

نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَبْلَ الْمَغْرِبِ فَلْتُفْطِرْ وَ عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ تَرَى الطُّهْرَ فِي أَوَّلِ النَّهَارِ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ وَ لَمْ تَغْتَسِلْ وَ لَمْ تَطْعَمْ كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِذَلِكَ الْيَوْمِ قَالَ إِنَّمَا فِطْرُهَا مِنَ الدَّمِ‌[4].

Hadith.1988 - Abu al-Sabbah al-Kinani narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): Regarding a woman who begins her day fasting and then menstruates during the day, whether it is midday or evening. Imam (as) said: "Yes, she must break her fast, and if it is before sunset, she should break her fast." As for a woman who becomes pure

كَتَبْتُ إِلَيْهِ ع‌[5] امْرَأَةٌ طَهُرَتْ‌ مِنْ حَيْضِهَا أَوْ دَمِ نِفَاسِهَا فِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ اسْتَحَاضَتْ فَصَلَّتْ وَ صَامَتْ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ كُلَّهُ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَنْ تَعْمَلَ مَا تَعْمَلُهُ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةُ مِنَ الْغُسْلِ لِكُلِّ صَلَاتَيْنِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ صَوْمُهَا وَ صَلَاتُهَا أَمْ لَا فَكَتَبَ ع تَقْضِي صَوْمَهَا وَ لَا تَقْضِي صَلَاتَهَا لِأَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص كَانَ يَأْمُرُ

Hadith.1989 - Ali ibn Mahziyar narrated: "I wrote to Imam (as) about a woman who became pure from her menstruation or postpartum bleeding at the beginning of the day in the Month of Ramadan, but then experienced istihadha (irregular bleeding). She prayed and fasted the entire Month of Ramadan without performing the req

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمُسْتَحَاضَةِ قَالَ تَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ إِلَّا الْأَيَّامَ الَّتِي كَانَتْ تَحِيضُ فِيهِنَّ ثُمَّ تَقْضِيهَا مِنْ بَعْدِهِ.

Hadith.1990 - It was narrated from Sama'ah: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about the woman experiencing istihadha (irregular bleeding). Imam (as) said: 'She fasts during the Month of Ramadan, except for the days on which she would normally have her menstrual period. She must then make up those days afterward.'"

تُفْطِرُ ثُمَّ تَقْضِي ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ.

Hadith.1991 - It was narrated from Abdul Rahman bin Al-Hajjaj: "I asked Abu Al-Hasan (as) about a woman who gives birth after Asr (afternoon prayer). Should she complete her fast for that day, or should she break it? Imam (as) said: 'She should break her fast and then make up for that day later.'"

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ

Hadith.1992 - It was narrated from Al-Ays bin Al-Qasim: "I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a woman who begins menstruating during Month of Ramadan before sunset. Imam (as) said: 'She should break her fast as soon as she begins menstruating.'"

سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ اِمْرَأَةٍ مَرِضَتْ فِي شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ أَوْ طَمِثَتْ أَوْ سَافَرَتْ فَمَاتَتْ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ هَلْ يُقْضَى عَنْهَا قَالَ «أَمَّا اَلطَّمْثُ وَ اَلْمَرَضُ فَلاَ وَ أَمَّا اَلسَّفَرُ فَنَعَمْ ».

Hadith.1993 - It was narrated by Ali ibn Al-Hakam from Abu Hamza: "I asked Abu Ja'far (as) about a woman who was sick, menstruated, or traveled during Month of Ramadan and then passed away before the end of the month. Should fasting be made up on her behalf? Imam (as) said: 'As for menstruation and illness, no. But as

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع إِنَّ امْرَأَتِي جَعَلَتْ عَلَى نَفْسِهَا صَوْمَ شَهْرَيْنِ فَوَضَعَتْ وَلَدَهَا وَ أَدْرَكَهَا الْحَبَلُ فَلَمْ تَقْدِرْ[2] عَلَى الصَّوْمِ قَالَ فَلْتَصَدَّقْ مَكَانَ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ عَلَى مِسْكِينٍ‌[3].

Hadith.1994 - It was narrated by Ibn Muskan from Muhammad ibn Ja'far: "I said to Abu al-Hasan (as): 'My wife took upon herself to fast for two months, but she gave birth and then became pregnant again, so she was unable to fast.' Imam (as) said: 'She should give in charity for each day a mudd (measure) to a poor person

إِذَا رَجَعَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ‌[4].

Hadith.1995 - It was narrated by Uqbah ibn Khalid from Abu Abdullah (as): "Regarding a man who became ill during the Month of Ramadan and, after recovering, intended to perform Hajj, how should he deal with making up the missed fasts? Imam (as) said: 'When he returns, he should fast them.'"

اقْضِهِ فِي ذِي الْحِجَّةِ وَ اقْطَعْهُ إِنْ شِئْتَ‌[5].

Hadith.1996 - It was narrated that Abdul Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah asked: "About making up the missed fasts of the Month of Ramadan during Dhul-Hijjah and interrupting it (for any reason). Imam (as) said: 'Make it up in Dhul-Hijjah and interrupt it if you wish.'"

إِذَا كَانَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ شَيْ‌ءٌ مِنْ صَوْمِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيَقْضِهِ فِي أَيِّ شَهْرٍ شَاءَ أَيَّاماً مُتَتَابِعَةً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَسْتَطِعْ فَلْيَقْضِهِ كَيْفَ شَاءَ وَ لْيُحْصِ الْأَيَّامَ فَإِنْ فَرَّقَ فَحَسَنٌ وَ إِنْ تَابَعَ فَحَسَنٌ.

Hadith.1997 - Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdullah (as): "If a man has missed fasts from the Month of Ramadan, he may make them up in any month he wishes, in consecutive days. If he is unable to do so, he may make them up as he is able, counting the days. Whether he separates the days or fasts them consecutively, both

لَا بَأْسَ بِتَفْرِقَةِ قَضَاءِ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ إِنَّمَا الصِّيَامُ الَّذِي لَا يُفَرَّقُ صَوْمُ كَفَّارَةِ الظِّهَارِ وَ كَفَّارَةِ الدَّمِ وَ كَفَّارَةِ الْيَمِينِ‌[1].

Hadith.1998 - Sulaiman ibn Ja'far Al-Ja'fari asked Abu Al-Hasan Al-Ridha (as) about a man who has missed days from the Month of Ramadan. Can he make them up non-consecutively? Imam (as) replied: "There is no harm in making up the fasts of the Month of Ramadan separately. The fasting that must not be separated is the fa

فِي اَلرَّجُلِ يَمْرَضُ فَيُدْرِكُهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ وَ يَخْرُجُ عَنْهُ وَ هُوَ مَرِيضٌ فَلاَ يَصِحُّ حَتَّى يُدْرِكَهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرُ قَالَ «يَتَصَدَّقُ عَنِ اَلْأَوَّلِ وَ يَصُومُ اَلثَّانِيَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ صَحَّ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمَا وَ لَمْ يَصُمْ حَتَّى أَدْرَكَهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانٍ آخَرُ صَامَهُمَا جَمِيعاً وَ تَصَدَّقَ عَنِ اَلْأَوَّلِ.

Hadith.1999 - Jameel narrated from Zurara from Abu Ja'far (as) regarding a man who becomes ill and the Month of Ramadan arrives while he is still sick. If he recovers after Month of Ramadan but does not make up the fasts before another Month of Ramadan arrives, what is his duty? Imam (as) replied: "He should give chari

إِنْ كَانَ أَتَى أَهْلَهُ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَلَيْهِ إِلَّا يَوْماً مَكَانَ يَوْمٍ وَ إِنْ أَتَى أَهْلَهُ بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ فَإِنَّ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ عَلَى عَشَرَةِ مَسَاكِينَ لِكُلِّ مِسْكِينٍ مُدٌّ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرْ عَلَيْهِ صَامَ يَوْماً مَكَانَ يَوْمٍ وَ صَامَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ كَفَّارَةً لِمَا صَنَعَ‌[1]. - وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ‌ أَنَّهُ إِنْ أَفْطَرَ قَبْلَ الزَّوَالِ فَلَا شَيْ‌ءَ عَل

Hadith.2000 - Ibn Mahboub narrated from Al-Harith ibn Muhammad from Buraid Al-Ijli from Abu Ja'far (as) regarding a man who engaged with his wife during a day when he was making up a missed fast from Month of Ramadan. Abu Ja'far (as) said: "If he engaged with her before midday, there is nothing upon him except to fast

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْمَرْأَةِ تَقْضِي شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ فَيُكْرِهُهَا زَوْجُهَا عَلَى الْإِفْطَارِ فَقَالَ لَا يَنْبَغِي‌[3] أَنْ يُكْرِهَهَا بَعْدَ زَوَالِ الشَّمْسِ.

I asked Abu ‘Abd Allah (as) about a woman making up missed fasts from Month of Ramadan, and her husband compels her to break her fast. Imam (as) said: "It is not appropriate for him to compel her to break her fast after the sun has passed its zenith."

إِنَّ ذَلِكَ فِي الْفَرِيضَةِ فَأَمَّا فِي النَّافِلَةِ فَلَهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ أَيَّ سَاعَةٍ شَاءَ إِلَى غُرُوبِ الشَّمْسِ.

Hadith.2002 - Sama‘ah asked Abu ‘Abd Allah (as) about the statement: "The fasting person has the option until the sun passes its zenith." Imam (as) replied: "That applies to obligatory fasts. As for voluntary fasts, one may break the fast at any time they wish until sunset."

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلِ يَنْوِي اَلصَّوْمَ فَيَلْقَاهُ أَخُوهُ اَلَّذِي هُوَ عَلَى أَمْرِهِ فَيَسْأَلُهُ أَنْ يُفْطِرَ أَ يُفْطِرُ قَالَ «إِنْ كَانَ تَطَوُّعاً أَجْزَأَهُ وَ حُسِبَ لَهُ وَ إِنْ كَانَ قَضَاءَ فَرِيضَةٍ قَضَاهُ ».

I asked Abu ‘Abd Allah (as) about a man who intends to fast and then meets his brother, who shares his faith, and his brother requests him to break his fast. Should he break his fast? Imam (as) replied: "If it is a voluntary fast, it will suffice, and it will be counted for him. However, if it is a fast making up for a

هُوَ بِالْخِيَارِ مَا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْعَصْرِ، وَإِنْ مَكَثَ حَتَّى الْعَصْرِ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ نَوَى ذَلِكَ، فَلَهُ أَنْ يَصُومَ ذَلِكَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْ شَاءَ". وإذا طهرت المرأة من حيضها وقد بقي عليها بقية يوم صامت ذلك المقدار تأديبا وعليها قضاء ذلك اليوم، وإن حاضت وقد بقي عليها بقية يوم أفطرت وعليها القضاء.

Hadith.2004 – Imam (as) was asked about a voluntary fasting person who encounters a necessity. Imam (as) said: "He is at liberty to decide until the time of ‘Asr (afternoon). If he delays until ‘Asr and then decides to fast, having not initially intended to, he may fast that day if he wishes."

فِي رَجُلٍ عَلَيْهِ‌[1] صَوْمُ شَهْرٍ فَصَامَ مِنْهُ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً ثُمَّ عَرَضَ لَهُ أَمْرٌ فَقَالَ إِنْ كَانَ صَامَ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً فَلَهُ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ مَا بَقِيَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ صَامَ أَقَلَّ مِنْ خَمْسَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْماً لَمْ يُجْزِئْهُ حَتَّى يَصُومَ شَهْراً تَامّاً[2].

Hadith.2005 - Musa ibn Bakr narrated from Al-Fudayl, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man obligated to fast for a month who completed fifteen days of fasting and then was interrupted by some matter. Imam (as) said: "If he has fasted fifteen days, he may make up the remaining days. However, if he has fasted less than

فِي رَجُلٍ صَامَ فِي ظِهَارٍ شَعْبَانَ ثُمَّ أَدْرَكَهُ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ قَالَ يَصُومُ شَهْرَ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ يَسْتَأْنِفُ الصَّوْمَ وَ إِنْ هُوَ صَامَ فِي الظِّهَارِ فَزَادَ فِي النِّصْفِ يَوْماً قَضَى بَقِيَّتَهُ.

Hadith.2006 - Mansur ibn Hazim narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who was fasting as expiation (for zihar) during Sha’ban and then Month of Ramadan began. Imam (as) said: "He should fast the Month of Ramadan and then resume the expiation fast. However, if he was fasting for expiation and completed half a d

يَصُومُ ذَا الْحِجَّةِ كُلَّهُ إِلَّا أَيَّامَ التَّشْرِيقِ ثُمَّ يَقْضِيهَا فِي أَوَّلِ يَوْمٍ مِنَ الْمُحَرَّمِ حَتَّى يُتِمَّ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَيَكُونَ قَدْ صَامَ شَهْرَيْنِ مُتَتَابِعَيْنِ قَالَ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَقْرَبَ أَهْلَهُ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَ ثَلَاثَةَ أَيَّامِ التَّشْرِيقِ الَّتِي لَمْ يَصُمْهَا وَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ صَامَ شَهْراً ثُمَّ صَامَ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ عَرَضَتْ ل

Hadith.2007 - Ibn Mahbub narrated from Abu Ayyub from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who had to fast for two consecutive months as expiation for zihar. He fasted the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah, and then the month of Dhu al-Hijjah began. Imam (as) said: "He should fast the entirety of Dhu al-Hijjah, except for the Days o

إِذَا صَامَ الرَّجُلُ شَيْئاً مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ ثُمَّ لَمْ يَزَلْ مَرِيضاً حَتَّى مَاتَ فَلَيْسَ‌

"If a man fasted part of the Month of Ramadan but then remained ill until he died, there is no obligation to make up the missed fasts. However, if he recovered and then fell ill again before passing away, and he had wealth, charity should be given on his behalf for each day missed in the amount of a mudd. If he did not

إِذَا مَاتَ الرَّجُلُ وَ عَلَيْهِ صَوْمُ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فَلْيَقْضِ عَنْهُ مَنْ شَاءَ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ.

Hadith.2009 - It has been narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that he said: "If a man dies and has unfulfilled fasting from the Month of Ramadan, anyone from his family who wishes may make up the fasts on his behalf."

وَ كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ عَلَيْهِ قَضَاءٌ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ عَشَرَةُ أَيَّامٍ وَ لَهُ وَلِيَّانِ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُمَا

Hadith.2010 - Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) be pleased with him, wrote to Imam Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ali (as): Regarding a man who passed away and had ten days of fasting left from the Month of Ramadan, and he had two heirs. Is it permissible for both heirs to divide the days, with each fasting f

تَصَدَّقَ لِكُلِّ يَوْمٍ مُدّاً مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ بِمُدِّ تَمْرٍ[2].

Hadith.2011 - Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Nasr al-Bazanti narrated from Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ridha (as) regarding: A man who vowed upon himself that if he were to recover from an illness or be released from imprisonment, he would fast every Wednesday—the same day he was released. However, due to an ailment or another re

وَ فِي رِوَايَةِ إِدْرِيسَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ وَ عَلِيِّ بْنِ إِدْرِيسَ عَنِ الرِّضَا ع‌ تَصَدَّقَ عَنْ كُلِّ يَوْمٍ بِمُدٍّ مِنْ حِنْطَةٍ أَوْ شَعِيرٍ[3].

Hadith.2012 - In a narration from Idris ibn Zayd and Ali ibn Idris, it is reported from Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as) that: "He should give charity for each day with a mud (a measure) of wheat or barley."

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ إِذَا دَخَلَ رَجُلٌ بَلْدَةً فَهُوَ ضَيْفٌ عَلَى مَنْ بِهَا مِنْ أَهْلِ دِينِهِ حَتَّى يَرْحَلَ عَنْهُمْ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلضَّيْفِ أَنْ يَصُومَ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِمْ لِئَلَّا يَعْمَلُوا شَيْئاً فَيَفْسُدَ وَ لَا يَنْبَغِي لَهُمْ أَنْ يَصُومُوا- إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ الضَّيْفِ لِئَلَّا يَحْتَشِمَهُمْ‌[1] وَ يَشْتَهِي فَيَتْرُكُهُ لَهُمْ.

Hadith.2013 - It is narrated by al-Fudhayl ibn Yasar from Abu Ja’far (as) that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "When a man enters a town, he is a guest of those among its people who share his faith until he departs. It is not appropriate for the guest to fast without their permissi

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مِنْ فِقْهِ الضَّيْفِ أَنْ لَا يَصُومَ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ صَاحِبِهِ وَ مِنْ طَاعَةِ الْمَرْأَةِ لِزَوْجِهَا أَنْ لَا تَصُومَ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ وَ أَمْرِهِ وَ مِنْ صَلَاحِ الْعَبْدِ وَ طَاعَتِهِ وَ نَصِيحَتِهِ لِمَوْلَاهُ أَنْ لَا يَصُومَ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ مَوْلَاهُ وَ مِنْ بِرِّ الْوَلَدِ بِأَبَوَيْهِ أَنْ لَا يَصُومَ تَطَوُّعاً إِلَّا بِإِذْنِ أَبَوَيْهِ وَ أَمْرِ

Hadith.2014 - Nashit ibn Salih narrated from Hisham ibn al-Hakam from Abu Abdullah (as) that the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him and his family) said: "Among the etiquettes of a guest is that he does not fast voluntarily except with the host's permission. Among the obedience of a wife to her husband is that

يُغْتَسَلُ فِي ثَلَاثِ لَيَالٍ مِنْ شَهْرِ رَمَضَانَ فِي تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَ إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ ثَلَاثٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ وَ أُصِيبَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع فِي تِسْعَ عَشْرَةَ وَ قُبِضَ ع فِي إِحْدَى وَ عِشْرِينَ قَالَ‌ وَ الْغُسْلُ فِي أَوَّلِ اللَّيْلِ وَ هُوَ يُجْزِي إِلَى آخِرِهِ‌[1].