الزَّارِعُونَ.
Hadith.3916 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was asked about the saying of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Glorious: "And upon Allah (swt) let the reliant rely" (Surah Ibrahim 14:12). Imam (as) said: "It refers to the farmers."
كُلُّ عَامِلٍ أَعْطَيْتَهُ أَجْراً عَلَى أَنْ يُصْلِحَ فَأَفْسَدَ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ[3].
Hadith.3917 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding a man who gives a garment to someone to dye it, but the dyer ruins it. Imam (as) said: "Any worker whom you pay to repair or improve something but ends up damaging it is liable."
نَعَمْ غُرِّمَهُ بِمَا جَنَتْ يَدُهُ فَإِنَّكَ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْتَهُ لِيُصْلِحَ وَ لَمْ تُعْطِهِ لِيُفْسِدَ.
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a launderer to whom a garment is given, but he burns or tears it. Should he be held liable? Imam (as) said: "Yes, he is liable for the damage caused by his actions, for you gave it to him to repair or clean, not to ruin."
قَالَ ع كَانَ أَبِي ع يُضَمِّنُ الْقَصَّارَ وَ الصَّوَّاغَ مَا أَفْسَدَا وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَتَفَضَّلُ عَلَيْهِمْ.
Hadith.3919 - Imam (as) said: "My father (as) used to hold the launderer and the goldsmith liable for any damage they caused. But, Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as) would show leniency toward them."
قَدْ ذَهَبَ أَوْ أُهْرِقَ أَوْ قُطِعَ عَلَيْهِ الطَّرِيقُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ عَلَيْهِ بِبَيِّنَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ أَنَّهُ قُطِعَ عَلَيْهِ أَوْ ذَهَبَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِلَّا ضَمِنَ[1] وَ فِي رَجُلٍ حَمَلَ مَعَهُ رَجُلٌ فِي سَفِينَتِهِ طَعَاماً فَنَقَصَ قَالَ هُوَ ضَامِنٌ قُلْتُ لَهُ إِنَّهُ رُبَّمَا زَادَ قَالَ تَعْلَمُ أَنَّهُ زَادَ فِيهِ شَيْئاً قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ هُوَ لَكَ.
Hadith.3920 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding a camel driver who carries oil and claims that it was lost, spilled, or taken by robbers. Imam (as) said: "If he brings trustworthy evidence that it was stolen, lost, or taken, then he is not liable. Otherwise, he is responsible for compens
قَالَ ع فِي الْغُسَّالِ وَ الصُّوَّاغِ[2] مَا سُرِقَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَلَمْ يَخْرُجْ بِبَيِّنَةٍ عَلَى أَمْرٍ بَيِّنٍ أَنَّهُ قَدْ سُرِقَ وَ كُلُّ قَلِيلٍ لَهُ أَوْ كَثِيرٍ[3] فَإِنْ فَعَلَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُقِمْ بَيِّنَةً وَ زَعَمَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ ذَهَبَ الَّذِي ادَّعَى فَقَدْ ضَمِنَهُ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ عَلَى قَوْلِهِ بَيِّنَةٌ[1].
Hadith.3921 - Imam (as) said: "Regarding the washer (ghassal) and the goldsmith (sawwagh), if something is stolen from them and they do not provide clear evidence proving that it was stolen, whether it is little or much, then they are liable. However, if they establish proof with clear evidence, then they are not liabl
قَالَ[2] فِي رَجُلٍ تَكَارَى دَابَّةً إِلَى مَكَانٍ مَعْلُومٍ فَتَضِيعُ الدَّابَّةُ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَ جَازَ الشَّرْطَ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ وَ إِنْ دَخَلَ وَادِياً فَلَمْ يُوثِقْهَا فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ وَ إِنْ سَقَطَتْ فِي بِئْرٍ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ لِأَنَّهُ لَمْ يَسْتَوْثِقْ مِنْهَا[3].
Hadith.3922 - Imam (as) said regarding a man who rents an animal to travel to a specified location, but the animal is lost: "If he exceeded the agreed conditions, he is liable. If he entered a valley and did not secure the animal properly, he is liable. And if it fell into a well, he is liable because he did not take p
إِنَّهُ إِنْ شَاءَ أَخَذَ الزَّيْتَ وَ قَالَ انْخَرَقَ وَ لَكِنْ لَا يُصَدَّقُ إِلَّا بِبَيِّنَةٍ عَادِلَةٍ[5] وَ أَيُّمَا رَجُلٍ تَكَارَى دَابَّةً فَأَخَذَتْهَا الذِّئْبَةُ[6] فَشَقَّتْ عَيْنَهَا فَنَفَقَتْ[7] فَهُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ مُسْلِماً
Hadith.3923 - It is narrated about a camel driver who was hired to transport oil to a certain land. He claimed that some of the oil skins were torn, causing the oil to spill. Imam (as) said: "The owner may take the remaining oil if he wishes." Imam (as) also said: "The camel driver's claim that the skins were torn is n
أَ تَتَّهِمُهُ فَقُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَلَا تُضَمِّنْهُ[3].
My father sent some goods to Syria with a camel driver, and the camel driver claimed that one of the loads was lost. I mentioned this to Abu Abdillah (as). Imam (as) said: "Do you suspect him?" I said: "No." Imam (as) said: "Then do not hold him liable."
عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يُقِيمَ الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ سُرِقَ مِنْ بَيْنِ مَتَاعِهِ وَ لَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ سُرِقَ مَعَ مَتَاعِهِ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ[4].
I asked him about a launderer to whom I gave a garment, and he claimed that it was stolen from among his belongings. Imam (as) said: "He must provide evidence that it was stolen from among his belongings, and if he does so, then he is not liable. Similarly, if it was stolen along with his belongings, he is not liable."
لَهُ إِنَّ جَمَّالًا لَنَا كَانَ يُكَارِينَا فَحَمَلَ عَلَى غَيْرِهِ[5] فَضَاعَ قَالَ ضَمِّنْهُ وَ خُذْ مِنْهُ.
I said to Imam (as): "We had a camel driver who used to work for us. He loaded goods onto someone else's camel, and they were lost." Imam (as) said: "Hold him liable and take compensation from him."
وَ كَانَ[6] أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يُضَمِّنُ الصَّبَّاغَ[7] وَ الْقَصَّارَ وَ الصَّائِغَ- احْتِيَاطاً عَلَى أَمْتِعَةِ النَّاسِ وَ كَانَ لَا يُضَمِّنُ مِنَ الْغَرَقِ وَ الْحَرَقِ وَ الشَّيْءِ الْغَالِبِ[1] وَ إِذَا غَرِقَتِ السَّفِينَةُ وَ مَا فِيهَا فَأَصَابَهُ النَّاسُ فَمَا قَذَفَ بِهِ الْبَحْرُ عَلَى سَاحِلِهِ فَهُوَ لِأَهْلِهِ وَ هُمْ أَحَقُّ بِهِ وَ مَا غَاصَ عَلَيْهِ النَّاسُ وَ تَرَكَهُ صَاحِبُهُ فَهُوَ
Hadith.3927 - Commander of the Faithful (as) used to hold the dyer, launderer, and goldsmith liable as a precaution to protect people's belongings. However, he did not hold them liable for damages caused by drowning, fire, or overwhelming events. And if a ship sinks along with its cargo, and people recover what washes
لَا يُضَمَّنُ الصَّائِغُ وَ لَا الْقَصَّارُ وَ لَا الْحَائِكُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونُوا مُتَّهَمِينَ فَيَجِيئُونَ بِالْبَيِّنَةِ فَيُخَوَّفُ وَ يُسْتَحْلَفُ لَعَلَّهُ يُسْتَخْرَجُ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ[2].
وَ أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ ع[3] بِصَاحِبِ حَمَّامٍ وُضِعَتْ عِنْدَهُ الثِّيَابُ فَضَاعَتْ فَلَمْ يُضَمِّنْهُ وَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا هُوَ أَمِينٌ[4].
Hadith.3929 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was presented with the case of a bathhouse attendant with whom clothes were deposited, but they were lost. Imam (as) did not hold him liable and said: "He is merely a trustee."
وَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً ع ضَمَّنَ رَجُلًا مُسْلِماً أَصَابَ خِنْزِيراً لِنَصْرَانِيٍّ قِيمَتَهُ[5].
Hadith.3930 - Indeed, Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) held a Muslim man liable to pay the value of a pig that belonged to a Christian, which he had harmed.
إِنْ كَانَ مَأْمُوناً فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ شَيْءٌ وَ إِنْ كَانَ غَيْرَ مَأْمُونٍ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ.
Hadith.3931 - Ibn Muskan narrated from Abu Basir, from Abu Abdillah (as), regarding a man who hires a porter, and the porter either breaks what he is carrying or spills it. Imam (as) said: "If he is trustworthy, then he is not liable. But if he is not trustworthy, then he is liable."
رَوَى ابْنُ أَبِي نَصْرٍ[1] عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ سِرْحَانَ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي رَجُلٍ حَمَلَ مَتَاعاً عَلَى رَأْسِهِ فَأَصَابَ إِنْسَاناً فَمَاتَ أَوْ انْكَسَرَ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ فَهُوَ ضَامِنٌ.
Hadith.3932 - Ibn Abi Nasr narrated from Dawood bin Sirhan, from Abu Abdillah (as): "If a man carries goods on his head and accidentally strikes someone, causing their death or breaking something, then he is liable."
كَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى الْفَقِيهِ ع فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ ثَوْباً إِلَى الْقَصَّارِ لِيُقَصِّرَهُ فَدَفَعَهُ الْقَصَّارُ إِلَى قَصَّارٍ غَيْرِهِ لِيُقَصِّرَهُ فَضَاعَ الثَّوْبُ هَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَى الْقَصَّارِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ مَا دَفَعَهُ إِلَى غَيْرِهِ إِنْ كَانَ الْقَصَّارُ مَأْمُوناً فَوَقَّعَ ع هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ ثِقَةً مَأْمُوناً[2] إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.
A man wrote to the 'Jurist' (Imam Hasan ibn Ali Al-Askari (as)) asking about a case where a person gave a garment to a launderer to clean, and the launderer then handed it over to another launderer to clean, but the garment was lost. Should the first launderer be required to compensate for what he entrusted to another?
اشْتَرِ لِنَفْسِكَ طَعَاماً وَ اسْتَوْفِ حَقَّكَ فَقَالَ أَرَى أَنْ تُوَلِّيَ ذَلِكَ غَيْرَكَ وَ تَقُومَ مَعَهُ حَتَّى تَقْبِضَ الَّذِي لَكَ وَ لَا تَوَلَّ أَنْتَ شِرَاءَهُ[4].
Hadith.3934 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, from Abu Abdillah (as): Imam (as) was asked about a man to whom I had lent dirhams in advance for food. When the time came for me to receive the food, he sent me dirhams and said: "Buy food for yourself and settle your due." Imam (as) said: "I think you should appoint someo
أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ فِي الْحِنْطَةِ أَوِ التَّمْرِ مِائَةَ دِرْهَمٍ فَيَأْتِي صَاحِبُهُ- حِينَ يَحِلُّ لَهُ الدَّيْنُ فَيَقُولُ وَ اللَّهِ مَا عِنْدِي إِلَّا نِصْفُ الَّذِي لَكَ فَخُذْ مِنِّي إِنْ شِئْتَ بِنِصْفِ الَّذِي لَكَ حِنْطَةً وَ نِصْفاً وَرِقاً فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِذَا أَخَذَ مِنْهُ الْوَرِقَ كَمَا أَعْطَاهُ-[5] قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ جُلَّةٌ مِنْ بُسْرٍ
I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who makes an advance payment of 100 dirhams for wheat or dates. When the debt becomes due, the seller says, "By Allah (swt), I only have half of what is owed to you. Take half in wheat and the other half in cash if you wish." Imam (as) said: "There is n
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع فِي الرَّجُلِ يُسْلِمُ فِي غَيْرِ زَرْعٍ وَ لَا نَخْلٍ قَالَ يُسَمِّي كَيْلًا مَعْلُوماً إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ[1] قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ[2] عَنِ السَّلَمِ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ وَ الطَّعَامِ وَ يَرْتَهِنَ الرَّجُلُ بِمَالِهِ رَهْناً قَالَ نَعَمْ اسْتَوْثِقْ مِنْ مَالِكَ.
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who makes a forward contract (salam) for something other than crops or dates. Imam (as) said: "He should specify a known measure and set a fixed time for delivery." I also asked Imam (as) about making a forward contract for livestock or food and whether the creditor can take collat
لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ كَانَ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ دَرَاهِمُ مِنْ ثَمَنِ غَنَمٍ اشْتَرَاهَا مِنْهُ فَأَتَى الطَّالِبُ الْمَطْلُوبَ يَتَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ لَهُ الْمَطْلُوبُ أَبِيعُكَ هَذِهِ الْغَنَمَ بِدَرَاهِمِكَ الَّتِي لَكَ عِنْدِي فَرَضِيَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.
I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "A man owed another man dirhams for the price of sheep he had bought from him. The creditor came to demand payment, and the debtor said: 'I will sell you these sheep for the dirhams I owe you.' The creditor agreed." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَسْلَفَ فِي شَيْءٍ يُسْلِفُ النَّاسُ فِيهِ مِنَ الثِّمَارِ فَذَهَبَ ثِمَارُهَا[5] وَ لَمْ يَسْتَوْفِ سَلَفَهُ قَالَ فَلْيَأْخُذْ رَأْسَ مَالِهِ أَوْ لِيُنْظِرْهُ.
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who made an advance payment (salam) for something that people typically make advance payments for, such as fruits, but the fruits were destroyed, and he did not receive what was due. Imam (as) said: "Let him take back his principal amount, or he may grant the debtor more time."
نَعَمْ يُسَمِّي كَذَا وَ كَذَا بِكَذَا وَ كَذَا صَاعاً[6].
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who had advanced dirhams to another man for wheat. When the due date arrived, the debtor did not have any food but had animals, slaves, and goods. I asked: "Is it permissible for him to take these items in place of the wheat owed to him?" Imam (as) said: "Yes, he may specify such a
لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الرَّجُلُ يَشْتَرِي الْجُلُودَ مِنَ الْقَصَّابِ فَيُعْطِيهِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ شَيْئاً مَعْلُوماً[1] فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ.
I said to Abu Abdillah (as): "A man buys hides from a butcher and pays him a fixed amount every day." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."
لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ[2].
Hadith.3941 - It is narrated from Aban that Imam (as) said regarding a man who advances dirhams to another man and pays him in another land. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that."
لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ تَسْتَوْثِقَ مِنْ مَالِكَ[3].
Hadith.3942 - Sama'ah asked him about a pledge (rahn) that a man gives as security in a salam transaction when he advances payment for food, goods, or animals. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in securing your wealth."
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ السَّلَمِ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ بِهِ بَأْسٌ فَقُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَسْلَمَ فِي أَسْنَانٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ أَوْ شَيْءٍ مَعْلُومٍ مِنَ الرَّقِيقِ فَأَعْطَاهُ دُونَ شَرْطِهِ أَوْ فَوْقَهُ بِطِيبَةِ نَفْسٍ مِنْهُمْ فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ[5].
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about salam transactions involving animals. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it." I then asked: "What if he specifies particular ages or certain characteristics of slaves and delivers something less or more than the condition agreed upon, with mutual consent?" Imam (as) said: "There is no
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ بَاعَ طَعَاماً بِدَرَاهِمَ فَلَمَّا بَلَغَ ذَلِكَ الْأَجَلُ تَقَاضَاهُ فَقَالَ لَيْسَ عِنْدِي دَرَاهِمُ خُذْ مِنِّي طَعَاماً قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ إِنَّمَا لَهُ دَرَاهِمُ يَأْخُذُ بِهَا مَا شَاءَ[2].
I asked Abu Abdillah (as) about a man who sold food for dirhams. When the payment became due, he demanded his money, but the buyer said: "I do not have dirhams; take food instead." Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in that. He is entitled to dirhams, and he may take whatever he wishes in exchange for them."
لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ قَالَ وَ سُئِلَ عَنِ الزَّعْفَرَانِ يُسْلِفُ فِيهِ الرَّجُلُ دَرَاهِمَ فِي عِشْرِينَ مِثْقَالًا أَوْ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَوْ أَكْثَرَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الزَّعْفَرَانُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُ جَمِيعَ مَالِهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ نِصْفَ حَقِّهِ أَوْ ثُلُثَهُ أَوْ ثُلُثَيْهِ وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ حَقِّهِ دَرَاهِمَ[5].
Hadith.3945 - Ubaydullah bin Ali Al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdillah (as): Imam (as) was asked about a man who lent dirhams in advance for five measures of wheat or barley until a specified time. When the payment became due, the debtor was unable to repay the full amount of wheat or barley. The creditor wanted to take
لَا بَأْسَ إِنْ لَمْ يَقْدِرِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ الْغَنَمُ عَلَى جَمِيعِ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ صَاحِبُ الْغَنَمِ نِصْفَهَا أَوْ ثُلُثَهَا أَوْ ثُلُثَيْهَا وَ يَأْخُذَ رَأْسَ مَالِ مَا بَقِيَ مِنَ الْغَنَمِ دَرَاهِمَ وَ يَأْخُذَ[1] دُونَ شَرْطِهِمْ وَ لَا يَأْخُذْ فَوْقَ شَرْطِهِمْ[2] قَالَ وَ الْأَكْسِيَةُ أَيْضاً مِثْلُ الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ الزَّعْفَرَانِ وَ الْغَنَمِ.
Hadith.3946 - Imam (as) was asked about a man who lends in advance for sheep, both two-year-olds and younger ones, until a specified time. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm if the debtor cannot deliver all the sheep he owes. The creditor may take half, a third, or two-thirds of the sheep, and receive the remaining valu
سَمِعْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَقُولُ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلرَّجُلِ إِسْلَافُ السَّمْنِ بِالزَّيْتِ وَ لَا الزَّيْتِ بِالسَّمْنِ[4].
I heard Abu Abdullah (as) say: "It is not proper for a man to lend ghee in exchange for oil, nor oil in exchange for ghee."
لَا تَقْرَبَنَّهُ فَإِنَّهُ يُعْطِيكَ مَرَّةً السَّمِينَ وَ مَرَّةً التَّاوِيَ[6] وَ مَرَّةً الْمَهْزُولَ فَاشْتَرِهِ مُعَايَنَةً يَداً بِيَدٍ قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ السَّلَفِ فِي رَوَايَا الْمَاءِ[7] فَقَالَ لَا فَإِنَّهُ يُعْطِيكَ مَرَّةً نَاقِصَةً وَ مَرَّةً كَامِلَةً وَ لَكِنِ اشْتَرِهَا مُعَايَنَةً فَهَذَا أَسْلَمُ لَكَ وَ لَهُ[8].
Hadith.3948 - Amr ibn Shimr narrated from Jabir, who reported: Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) was asked about lending meat in advance. Imam (as) said: "Do not approach it, for sometimes he may give you fat meat, sometimes lean meat, and sometimes emaciated meat. Instead, buy it through direct observatio
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يُسْلَفَ مَا يُوزَنُ فِيمَا يُكَالُ وَ مَا يُكَالُ فِيمَا يُوزَنُ.
Hadith.3949 - Wahb ibn Wahb narrated from Ja'far ibn Muhammad from his father (as): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "There is no harm in advancing payment for what is weighed in exchange for what is measured, and for what is measured in exchange for what is weighed."
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع لَا بَأْسَ بِالسَّلَمِ بِكَيْلٍ مَعْلُومٍ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مَعْلُومٍ وَ لَا يُسْلَمُ إِلَى دِيَاسٍ وَ لَا حَصَادٍ[3].
Hadith.3950 - Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as): "There is no harm in a Salam contract with a specified measure and a fixed time, but it should not be made conditional upon threshing or harvesting."
أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَ يَصْلُحُ أَنْ يُسْلِمَ فِي الطَّعَامِ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ طَعَامٌ وَ لَا حَيَوَانٌ إِلَّا أَنَّهُ إِذَا جَاءَ الْأَجَلُ اشْتَرَاهُ وَ أَوْفَاهُ قَالَ إِذَا ضَمِنَهُ إِلَى أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَلَا بَأْسَ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ أَوْفَانِي بَعْضاً وَ أَخَّرَ بَعْضاً أَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ[5].
I asked Abu Abdullah (as): "Is it permissible to enter into a Salam contract for food with a man who does not currently possess the food or livestock, but promises to purchase it and deliver it when the due date arrives?" Imam (as) replied: "If he guarantees it for a specified term, then there is no harm in it." I then
لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ[1].
Hadith.3952 - Al-Ala narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim who report from one of Imams (as): I asked Imam (as) about pledging collateral (Rahn) and having a guarantor (Kafil) in a deferred payment sale. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."
فِي رِوَايَةِ زُرَارَةَ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ ع[2] قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِالسَّلَمِ فِي الْمَتَاعِ إِذَا وَصَفْتَ الطُّولَ وَ الْعَرْضَ[3] وَ فِي الْحَيَوَانِ إِذَا وَصَفْتَ أَسْنَانَهُ.
Hadith.3953 - In a narration from Zurarah who reported from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "There is no harm in Salam (advance payment) for goods if you describe their length and width, and for animals if you describe their age."
لَيْسَ الْحُكْرَةُ إِلَّا فِي الْحِنْطَةِ وَ الشَّعِيرِ وَ التَّمْرِ وَ الزَّبِيبِ وَ السَّمْنِ وَ الزَّيْتِ[5].
وَ مَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص[6] بِالْمُحْتَكِرِينَ فَأَمَرَ بِحُكْرَتِهِمْ أَنْ تُخْرَجَ إِلَى بُطُونِ الْأَسْوَاقِ وَ حَيْثُ يَنْظُرُ النَّاسُ إِلَيْهَا[7] فَقِيلَ لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص لَوْ قَوَّمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ فَغَضِبَ ع حَتَّى عُرِفَ الْغَضَبُ فِي وَجْهِهِ وَ قَالَ أَنَا أُقَوِّمُ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّمَا السِّعْرُ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ يَرْفَعُهُ إِذَا شَاءَ وَ يَخْفِضُهُ إِذَا شَاءَ.
Hadith.3955 - The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, once passed by some hoarders and commanded that their hoarded goods be brought out into the marketplaces where people could see them. Someone then suggested to the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and hi
إِنَّمَا الْحُكْرَةُ أَنْ تَشْتَرِيَ طَعَاماً وَ لَيْسَ فِي الْمِصْرِ غَيْرُهُ فَتَحْتَكِرَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِي الْمِصْرِ طَعَامٌ أَوْ مَتَاعٌ غَيْرُهُ فَلَا بَأْسَ أَنْ تَلْتَمِسَ بِسِلْعَتِكَ الْفَضْلَ.
Hadith.3956 - Hammad narrated from Al-Halabi, who reported from Abu Abdullah (as), that Imam (as) was asked about hoarding (ḥukrah). Imam (as) said: "Hoarding is when you purchase food, and there is no other food available in the town, and then you hoard it. However, if there is other food or goods available in the tow
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع مَا عَمَلُكَ فَقُلْتُ حَنَّاطٌ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى نَفَاقٍ وَ رُبَّمَا قَدِمْتُ عَلَى كَسَادٍ فَحَبَسْتُهُ[2] قَالَ فَمَا يَقُولُ مَنْ قِبَلَكُمْ فِيهِ قُلْتُ يَقُولُونَ مُحْتَكِرٌ قَالَ يَبِيعُهُ أَحَدٌ غَيْرُكَ قُلْتُ مَا أَبِيعُ أَنَا مِنْ أَلْفِ جُزْءٍ جُزْءاً فَقَالَ لَا بَأْسَ إِنَّمَا كَانَ ذَلِكَ رَجُلٌ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ يُقَالُ لَهُ حَكِيمُ بْنُ حِزَامٍ وَ كَانَ إِذَا دَخَلَ
Hadith.3957 - Safwan ibn Yahya narrated from Salamah al-Hannat, who said that Abu Abdullah (as), asked: "What is your occupation?" I replied: "I am a wheat seller, and sometimes I arrive during a time of demand, and sometimes I arrive during a time of stagnation, so I hold onto it." Imam (as) asked: "What do the people
لَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ.
Hadith.3958 - Al-Nadr narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan that Abu Abdullah (as), said regarding merchants who arrived at a land and agreed among themselves not to sell their goods except at a price they desired: "There is no harm in that."
قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص[5] لَا يَحْتَكِرُ الطَّعَامَ إِلَّا خَاطِئٌ.
Hadith.3959 - The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, said: "No one hoards food except a sinner."
سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ اَلرِّضَا عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنْ حَبْسِ اَلطَّعَامِ سَنَةً قَالَ "أَنَا أَفْعَلُهُ".
Hadith.3960 - It is narrated from Mu'ammar ibn Khallad that a man asked Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as), about storing food for a year. Imam (as) replied: "I do it."
الْجَالِبُ مَرْزُوقٌ وَ الْمُحْتَكِرُ مَلْعُونٌ[6]
وَ نَهَى أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع عَنِ الْحُكْرَةِ فِي الْأَمْصَارِ[1].
Hadith.3962 - Commander of the Faithful (as), peace be upon him, forbade hoarding in the cities.
قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع الْحُكْرَةُ فِي الْخِصْبِ أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْماً[2] وَ فِي الشِّدَّةِ وَ الْبَلَاءِ ثَلَاثَةُ أَيَّامٍ فَمَا زَادَ عَلَى أَرْبَعِينَ يَوْماً فِي الْخِصْبِ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ وَ مَا زَادَ فِي الْعُسْرَةِ فَوْقَ ثَلَاثَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَصَاحِبُهُ مَلْعُونٌ[3].
Hadith.3963 - Al-Sakooni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), peace be upon him, who said that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, stated: "Hoarding during times of abundance is permitted for forty days, and during hardship and distress, for three days. Anything
مَنْ بَاعَ الطَّعَامَ نُزِعَتْ مِنْهُ الرَّحْمَةُ[4].
كِيلُوا طَعَامَكُمْ فَإِنَّ الْبَرَكَةَ فِي الطَّعَامِ الْمَكِيلِ[5]