Work & Livelihood

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلَيْنِ مِنَ الصَّيَارِفَةِ ابْتَاعَا وَرِقاً بِدَنَانِيرَ[4] فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا لِصَاحِبِهِ انْقُدْ عَنِّي وَ هُوَ مُوسِرٌ لَوْ شَاءَ أَنْ يَنْقُدَ نَقَدَ فَيَنْقُدُ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ بَدَا لَهُ أَنْ يَشْتَرِيَ نَصِيبَ صَاحِبِهِ بِرِبْحٍ أَ يَصْلُحُ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[5].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about two moneychangers who bought silver with dinars. One of them said to his companion, "Pay on my behalf," even though he was capable of paying if he wished. So the companion paid for him. Then later, he decided to buy his companion's share with a profit. I asked: "Is this permissible?" Ima

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع الدَّرَاهِمُ‌ بِالدَّرَاهِمِ فِي إِحْدَاهُمَا رَصَاصٌ وَزْناً بِوَزْنٍ قَالَ أَعِدْ فَأَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَعِدْ فَأَعَدْتُ عَلَيْهِ‌[1] فَقَالَ لَا أَرَى بِهِ بَأْساً[2].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about exchanging dirhams for dirhams, where one of them contains lead, but they are equal in weight. Imam (as) said: "Repeat the question." So I repeated it to him. Then Imam (as) said: "Repeat it again." I repeated it again, and Imam (as) said: "I see no harm in it."

لَهُ إِنَّ الرِّفْقَةَ رُبَّمَا عَجِلَتْ فَلَمْ نَقْدِرْ عَلَى الدِّمَشْقِيَّةِ وَ الْبَصْرِيَّةِ وَ إِنَّمَا يَجُوزُ بِنَيْسَابُورَ[3] الدِّمَشْقِيَّةُ وَ الْبَصْرِيَّةُ فَقَالَ وَ مَا الرِّفْقَةُ فَقُلْتُ الْقَوْمُ يَتَرَافَقُونَ وَ يَجْتَمِعُونَ لِلْخُرُوجِ فَإِذَا عَجِلُوا فَرُبَّمَا لَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَى الدِّمَشْقِيَّةِ وَ الْبَصْرِيَّةِ فَبِعْنَاهَا[4] بِالْغِلَّةِ فَصَرَفُوا الْأَلْفَ وَ الْخَمْسِينَ مِنْهَا

I asked Imam (as) about currency exchange, and I said to Imam (as): "Sometimes during travel, the caravan may hurry, and we are unable to find the Damascene and Basran currencies. However, only the Damascene and Basran currencies are accepted in Nishapur. Imam (as) asked: 'What is the caravan?' I said: 'It refers to a

أَبَا إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لِي عَلَيْهِ الْمَالُ فَيَقْضِينِي بَعْضاً دَنَانِيرَ وَ بَعْضاً دَرَاهِمَ فَإِذَا جَاءَ يُحَاسِبُنِي لِيُوَفِّيَنِي جَاءَ وَ قَدْ تَغَيَّرَ سِعْرُ الدَّنَانِيرِ أَيَّ السِّعْرَيْنِ أَحْسُبُ الَّذِي كَانَ يَوْمَ أَعْطَانِي الدَّنَانِيرَ أَوْ سِعْرَ يَوْمَ أُحَاسِبُهُ قَالَ سِعْرَ يَوْمَ أَعْطَاكَ الدَّنَانِيرَ لِأَنَّكَ حَبَسْتَ‌ مَنْفَعَتَهَا عَنْهُ‌[1].

I asked Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)) about a man who owes me money and repays me partially with dinars and partially with dirhams. When he comes to settle the remaining amount, the price of the dinars has changed. I asked: "Which price should I calculate, the price on the day he gave me the dinars o

لَا يَصْلُحُ إِلَّا بِالذَّهَبِ‌[2].

Hadith.4045 - Abdullah ibn Sinan asked Abu Abdullah (as) about buying silver that contains mercury and lead with silver coins, knowing that when it is melted, it decreases by two or three dirhams for every ten. Imam (as) said: "It is not permissible, except with gold."

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ عِنْدِي مِنَ الدَّرَاهِمِ الْوَضَحُ فَيَلْقَانِي فَيَقُولُ أَ لَيْسَ لِي عِنْدَكَ كَذَا وَ كَذَا أَلْفَ دِرْهَمٍ وَضَحٍ‌[3] فَأَقُولُ نَعَمْ فَيَقُولُ حَوِّلْهَا إِلَى دَنَانِيرَ بِهَذَا السِّعْرِ وَ أَثْبِتْهَا لِي عِنْدَكَ فَمَا تَرَى فِي هَذَا قَالَ إِذَا كُنْتَ قَدِ اسْتَقْصَيْتَ لَهُ السِّعْرَ يَوْمَئِذٍ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ قَالَ فَقُلْتُ إِنِّي لَمْ أُوَازِنْهُ وَ ل

Hadith.4046 - Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated: I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "A man has some clear silver dirhams with me. He meets me and says, 'Don't I have such and such amount of clear dirhams with you?' I reply, 'Yes.' Then he says, 'Convert them into dinars at this rate and record them for me as dinars.' What do you thin

رَوَى أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ الْبَرْقِيُّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ عَنْ وَهْبِ‌

"None consume from lost property except those who are themselves lost."

فِي رِوَايَةِ مَسْعَدَةَ بْنِ زِيَادٍ عَنِ الصَّادِقِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع أَنَّ عَلِيّاً صَلَوَاتُ اللَّهِ وَ سَلَامُهُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ‌ إِيَّاكُمْ وَ اللُّقَطَةَ فَإِنَّهَا ضَالَّةُ الْمُؤْمِنِ وَ هِيَ حَرِيقٌ مِنْ حَرِيقِ جَهَنَّمَ‌[2].

Hadith.4048 - In a narration from Mas'adah ibn Ziyad, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), that Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Beware of taking lost property, for it is the loss of a believer, and it is a flame from the flames of Hell."

نَعَمْ- قَالَ وَ كَانَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ع يَقُولُ هِيَ لِأَهْلِهَا لَا تَمَسُّوهَا قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ‌[3] عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُصِيبُ دِرْهَماً أَوْ ثَوْباً أَوْ دَابَّةً كَيْفَ يَصْنَعُ قَالَ يُعَرِّفُهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْ‌[4] جَعَلَهَا فِي عَرْضِ مَالِهِ حَتَّى يَجِي‌ءَ طَالِبُهَا فَيُعْطِيَهَا إِيَّاهُ وَ إِنْ مَاتَ أَوْصَى بِهَا وَ هُوَ لَهَا ضَامِنٌ‌[5].

Hadith.4049 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a lost item found by a poor person, whether he is in the same position regarding it as a wealthy person. Imam (as) said: "Yes." Imam (as) further said: " Imam Ali ibn Al-Hussain (as) used to say, 'It belongs to its owner, do not tou

لَهُ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ فِي بَيْتِهِ دِينَاراً فَقَالَ يَدْخُلُ مَنْزِلَهُ غَيْرُهُ فَقُلْتُ نَعَمْ كَثِيرٌ قَالَ هَذِهِ لُقَطَةٌ قُلْتُ وَ رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ فِي صُنْدُوقِهِ دِينَاراً قَالَ يُدْخِلُ أَحَدٌ يَدَهُ فِي صُنْدُوقِهِ غَيْرُهُ أَوْ يَضَعُ فِيهِ شَيْئاً قُلْتُ لَا قَالَ فَهُوَ لَهُ‌[1].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who found a dinar in his house. Imam (as) said: "Does anyone else enter his house?" I said: "Yes, many people enter." Imam (as) said: "Then it is considered lost property (luqata)." I asked: "What about a man who found a dinar in his locked box?" Imam (as) said: "Does anyone else put their

إِلَى الطَّيِّبِ ع‌[3] إِنِّي كُنْتُ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ فَرَأَيْتُ دِينَاراً فَأَهْوَيْتُ إِلَيْهِ لآِخُذَهُ فَإِذَا أَنَا بِآخَرَ ثُمَّ بَحَثْتُ الْحَصَى فَإِذَا أَنَا بِثَالِثٍ فَأَخَذْتُهَا فَعَرَّفْتُهَا وَ لَمْ يَعْرِفْهَا أَحَدٌ فَمَا تَرَى فِي ذَلِكَ فَكَتَبَ ع إِنِّي قَدْ فَهِمْتُ مَا ذَكَرْتَ مِنْ أَمْرِ الدَّنَانِيرِ فَإِنْ كُنْتَ مُحْتَاجاً فَتَصَدَّقْ بِثُلُثِهَا وَ إِنْ كُنْتَ غَنِيّاً فَتَصَدَّق

I wrote to al-Tayyib Imam Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Hadi (as): "I was in the Sacred Mosque (Masjid al-Haram) and saw a dinar. I reached out to take it, and then I found another one. I searched the pebbles and found a third. I took them and announced them, but no one claimed them. What do you advise regarding this matter?" Im

مَنْ وَجَدَ ضَالَّةً فَلَمْ يُعَرِّفْهَا ثُمَّ وُجِدَتْ عِنْدَهُ فَإِنَّهَا لِرَبِّهَا-

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ وَجَدَ مَالًا فَعَرَّفَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا مَضَتِ السَّنَةُ اشْتَرَى بِهَا خَادِماً فَجَاءَ طَالِبُ الْمَالِ فَوَجَدَ الْجَارِيَةَ الَّتِي اشْتَرَاهَا بِالدَّرَاهِمِ هِيَ ابْنَتُهُ قَالَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ إِلَّا الدَّرَاهِمَ وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ الِابْنَةُ إِنَّمَا لَهُ رَأْسُ مَالِهِ إِنَّمَا كَانَتِ ابْنَتُهُ مَمْلُوكَةَ قَوْمٍ‌[3].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who found some money, announced it for a year, and then used it to buy a servant. Later, the owner of the money came and found that the servant purchased with the money was actually his daughter. Imam (as) said: "He is only entitled to take the money and not the daughter. What he i

مَا لِلْمَمْلُوكِ وَ اللُّقَطَةِ الْمَمْلُوكُ لَا يَمْلِكُ مِنْ نَفْسِهِ شَيْئاً فَلَا يَعْرِضُ لَهَا الْمَمْلُوكُ فَإِنَّهُ يَنْبَغِي لِلْحُرِّ[4] أَنْ يُعَرِّفَهَا سَنَةً فِي مَجْمَعٍ فَإِنْ جَاءَ طَالِبُهَا دَفَعَهَا إِلَيْهِ وَ إِلَّا كَانَتْ مِنْ مَالِهِ فَإِنْ مَاتَ كَانَتْ مِيرَاثاً لِوُلْدِهِ وَ لِمَنْ وَرِثَهُ فَإِنْ جَاءَ طَالِبُهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ دَفَعُوهَا إِلَيْهِ‌[5].

Hadith.4054 - Abu Khadijah Salim ibn Mukram al-Jammal narrated from Abu Abdullah (as) that Dharih asked him about a servant who picks up lost property. Imam (as) said: "What does a servant have to do with lost property? A servant does not own anything for himself, so he should not interfere with it. It is proper for a

لَا يَمَسَّهُ‌[2].

Hadith.4055 - Dawud ibn Abi Yazid asked him about finding a water container, a pair of sandals, or a whip on the road, whether a person may use them. Imam (as) said: "He should not touch them."

قَالَ ع‌[3] لَا بَأْسَ بِلُقَطَةِ الْعَصَا وَ الشِّظَاظِ وَ الْوَتِدِ[4] وَ الْحَبْلِ وَ الْعِقَالِ وَ أَشْبَاهِهِ.

Hadith.4056 - Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in picking up lost items such as a staff, a strap, a peg, a rope, a hobble, and similar things."

لِلسَّائِلِ هِيَ لَكَ أَوْ لِأَخِيكَ أَوْ لِلذِّئْبِ قَالَ وَ مَا أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَمَسَّهَا وَ عَنِ الْبَعِيرِ الضَّالِّ أَيْضاً قَالَ مَا لَكَ وَ لَهُ‌[6] بَطْنُهُ وِعَاؤُهُ وَ خُفُّهُ حِذَاؤُهُ وَ كَرِشُهُ سِقَاؤُهُ خَلِّ عَنْهُ.

Hadith.4057 - Imam (as) was asked about a lost sheep in the wilderness. Imam (as) said to the questioner: "It is either yours, your brother's, or the wolf's." Then Imam (as) said: "I do not like to touch it." And when asked about a lost camel, Imam (as) said: "What do you have to do with it? Its belly is its container,

سَأَلَ رَجُلٌ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَللُّقَطَةِ وَ أَنَا أَسْمَعُ فَقَالَ "تُعَرِّفُهَا سَنَةً فَإِنْ وَجَدْتَ صَاحِبَهَا وَ إِلاَّ فَأَنْتَ أَحَقُّ بِهَا".

A man asked Abu Abdullah (as) about lost property while I was listening. Imam (as) said: "Announce it for one year. If you find its owner, return it to him; otherwise, you are more entitled to keep it."

إِنْ تَرَكَهَا فِي كَلَإٍ وَ مَاءٍ وَ أَمْنٍ فَهِيَ لَهُ يَأْخُذُهَا حَيْثُ أَصَابَهَا وَ إِنْ تَرَكَهَا فِي خَوْفٍ وَ غَيْرِ مَاءٍ وَ لَا كَلَإٍ فَهِيَ لِمَنْ أَصَابَهَا[1].

Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) ruled regarding a man who abandoned his animal due to hardship. Imam (as) said: "If he left it in a place with grass, water, and safety, it remains his, and he may reclaim it wherever he finds it. But if he left it in a place with danger, without water or grass, then it belongs to whoever fi

لَا بَأْسَ.

I asked Imam (as) about the reward for returning a runaway slave or lost property. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in it."

كَانَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع يَقُولُ‌ فِي الضَّالَّةِ يَجِدُهَا الرَّجُلُ فَيَنْوِي أَنْ يَأْخُذَ لَهَا جُعْلًا فَتَنْفُقُ قَالَ هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا[3] فَإِنْ لَمْ يَنْوِ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ لَهَا جُعْلًا فَنَفَقَتْ فَلَا ضَمَانَ عَلَيْهِ.

Commander of the Faithful (as) used to say regarding lost property found by someone who intends to take a reward for returning it, but it dies (or perishes): "He is liable for it. However, if he did not intend to take a reward and it dies (or perishes), then he is not liable for it."

سَأَلْتُهُ ع[4] فِي كِتَابٍ عَنْ رَجُلٍ اشْتَرَى جَزُوراً أَوْ بَقَرَةً أَوْ شَاةً أَوْ غَيْرَهَا لِلْأَضَاحِيِّ أَوْ غَيْرِهَا فَلَمَّا ذَبَحَهَا وَجَدَ فِي جَوْفِهَا صُرَّةً فِيهَا دَرَاهِمُ أَوْ دَنَانِيرُ أَوْ جَوَاهِرُ أَوْ غَيْرُ ذَلِكَ مِنَ الْمَنَافِعِ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ ذَلِكَ وَ كَيْفَ يَعْمَلُ بِهِ فَوَقَّعَ ع عَرِّفْهَا الْبَائِعَ فَإِنْ لَمْ يَعْرِفْهَا فَالشَّيْءُ لَكَ رَزَقَكَ اللَّهُ إِيَّاهُ.

لَهُ رَجُلٌ إِنِّي قَدْ أَصَبْتُ مَالًا وَ إِنِّي قَدْ خِفْتُ فِيهِ عَلَى نَفْسِي فَلَوْ أَصَبْتُ صَاحِبَهُ دَفَعْتُهُ إِلَيْهِ وَ تَخَلَّصْتُ مِنْهُ قَالَ لَهُ فَوَ اللَّهِ لَوْ أَصَبْتَهُ كُنْتَ تَدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ قَالَ إِي وَ اللَّهِ‌ قَالَ ع فَلَا وَ اللَّهِ مَا لَهُ صَاحِبٌ غَيْرِي قَالَ وَ اسْتَحْلَفَهُ أَنْ يَدْفَعَ إِلَى مَنْ يَأْمُرُهُ قَالَ فَحَلَفَ قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَاقْسِمْهُ فِي إِخْوَانِكَ وَ لَكَ الْأَمَان

A man said to Imam (as): "I have come across some wealth, and I fear for my safety because of it. If I were to find its owner, I would return it to him and be free from it." Imam (as) said to him, "By Allah (swt), if you were to find its owner, would you truly return it to him?" The man replied: "Yes, by Allah (swt)."

أَفْضَلُ مَا يَسْتَعْمِلُهُ الْإِنْسَانُ فِي اللُّقَطَةِ إِذَا وَجَدَهَا أَلَّا يَأْخُذَهَا وَ لَا يَتَعَرَّضَ لَهَا فَلَوْ أَنَّ النَّاسَ تَرَكُوا مَا يَجِدُونَهُ لَجَاءَ صَاحِبُهُ فَأَخَذَهُ[2]. وَ إِنْ كَانَتِ اللُّقَطَةُ دُونَ دِرْهَمٍ فَهِيَ لَكَ لَا تُعَرِّفْهَا[3] وَ إِنْ وَجَدْتَ فِي الْحَرَمِ دِينَاراً مُطَلَّساً فَهُوَ لَكَ لَا تُعَرِّفْهُ[4] وَ إِنْ وَجَدْتَ طَعَاماً فِي مَفَازَةٍ فَقَوِّمْهُ عَلَى نَفْسِك

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَوْدَعَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ اللُّصُوصِ دَرَاهِمَ أَوْ مَتَاعاً وَ اللِّصُّ مُسْلِمٌ فَهَلْ يَرُدُّهُ عَلَيْهِ قَالَ لَا يَرُدُّهُ عَلَيْهِ فَإِنْ أَمْكَنَهُ أَنْ يَرُدَّهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ فَعَلَ‌[4] وَ إِلَّا كَانَ فِي يَدِهِ بِمَنْزِلَةِ اللُّقَطَةِ يُصِيبُهَا فَيُعَرِّفُهَا حَوْلًا فَإِنْ أَصَابَ صَاحِبَهَا وَ إِلَّا تَصَدَّقَ بِهَا فَإِنْ جَاءَ صَاحِبُهَا بَعْدَ ذَ

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a Muslim man who was entrusted with dirhams or goods by a thief, and the thief is also a Muslim. Should he return them to him? Imam (as) said: "He should not return them to him. If he is able to return them to their rightful owner, he should do so. Otherwise, he should treat them as lost

الْهَدِيَّةُ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ غَافِرٌ عَيْناً[2]

قَالَ ع‌ تَهَادَوْا تَحَابُّوا[3].

Hadith.4067 - Imam (as) said: "Exchange gifts (with one another), and you will love one another."

قَالَ ع‌ الْهَدِيَّةُ تَسُلُّ السَّخَائِمَ‌[4].

Hadith.4068 - Imam (as) said: "A gift removes grudges (resentments)."

قَالَ ع‌ نِعْمَ الشَّيْ‌ءُ الْهَدِيَّةُ أَمَامَ الْحَاجَةِ.

Hadith.4069 - Imam (as) said: "How excellent is a gift given before making a request."

لَوْ دُعِيتُ إِلَى كُرَاعٍ لَأَجَبْتُ وَ لَوْ أُهْدِيَ إِلَيَّ كُرَاعٌ لَقَبِلْتُ[5]

قَالَ ع‌ عَجِّلُوا رَدَّ ظُرُوفِ الْهَدَايَا فَإِنَّهُ أَسْرَعُ لِتَوَاتُرِهَا.

Hadith.4071 - Imam (as) said: "Hasten to return the gift containers, for it encourages the continuous giving of gifts."

وَ كَانَ ع لَا يَرُدُّ الطِّيبَ وَ الْحَلْوَاءَ.

Hadith.4072 - Imam (as) would not refuse perfume or sweets.

وَ أُتِيَ عَلِيٌّ ع بِهَدِيَّةِ النَّيْرُوزِ فَقَالَ ع مَا هَذَا قَالُوا يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْيَوْمُ النَّيْرُوزُ فَقَالَ ع اصْنَعُوا لَنَا كُلَّ يَوْمٍ نَيْرُوزاً.

Hadith.4073 - Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was presented with a gift on the day of Nayrouz. Imam (as) asked: "What is this?" They replied: "O Commander of the Faithful, today is Nayrouz." Imam (as) said: "Make every day for us a Nayrouz."

رُوِيَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ ع‌ نَيْرُوزُنَا كُلُّ يَوْمٍ.

Hadith.4074 - It is narrated that Imam (as) said: "Our Nayrouz is every day."

أَهْدَى كِسْرَى لِلنَّبِيِّ ص فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُ وَ أَهْدَى قَيْصَرُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ص فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُ وَ أَهْدَتْ لَهُ الْمُلُوكُ فَقَبِلَ مِنْهُمْ[1].

قَالَ ع‌ عُدْ مَنْ لَا يَعُودُكَ‌[2] وَ أَهْدِ إِلَى مَنْ لَا يُهْدِي إِلَيْكَ.

Hadith.4076 - Imam (as) said: "Visit those who do not visit you, and give gifts to those who do not give gifts to you."

الْهَدِيَّةُ ثَلَاثٌ هَدِيَّةُ مُكَافَأَةٍ وَ هَدِيَّةُ مُصَانَعَةٍ[3] وَ هَدِيَّةٌ لِلَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَكُونُ لَهُ الضَّيْعَةُ الْكَبِيرَةُ فَإِذَا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْمِهْرَجَانِ وَ النَّيْرُوزِ أَهْدَوْا إِلَيْهِ الشَّيْ‌ءَ لَيْسَ هُوَ عَلَيْهِمْ يَتَقَرَّبُونَ بِذَلِكَ الشَّيْ‌ءِ إِلَيْهِ فَقَالَ أَ لَيْسَ هُمْ مُصَلِّينَ‌ قُلْتُ بَلَى قَالَ فَلْيَقْبَلْ هَدِيَّتَهُمْ وَ لْيُكَافِهِمْ.

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who owns a large estate, and when the festivals of Mehregan and Nayrouz arrive, people gift him items, not as an obligation, but to seek closeness to him. Imam (as) said: "Are they not Muslims?" I said: "Yes." Imam (as) said: "Then let him accept their gifts and reciprocate them."

قَالَ ع‌ إِذَا أُهْدِيَ إِلَى الرَّجُلِ الْهَدِيَّةُ مِنْ طَعَامٍ وَ عِنْدَهُ قَوْمٌ فَهُمْ شُرَكَاءُ فِيهَا يَعْنِي الْفَاكِهَةَ وَ غَيْرَهَا[1].

Hadith.4079 - Imam (as) said: "If a man is given a gift of food and he has guests with him, then they share in it, this includes fruits and other items."

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَهْدَى إِلَى رَجُلٍ هَدِيَّةً وَ هُوَ يَرْجُو ثَوَابَهَا فَلَمْ يُثِبْهُ صَاحِبُهَا حَتَّى هَلَكَ وَ أَصَابَ الرَّجُلُ هَدِيَّتَهُ بِعَيْنِهَا أَ لَهُ أَنْ يُرَاجِعَهَا إِنْ قَدِرَ عَلَى ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ أَنْ يَأْخُذَهُ‌[2].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as) about a man who gave a gift to another man, hoping for a return, but the recipient did not reciprocate until he passed away. The giver then found his gift in its original form. I asked: "Is it permissible for him to take it back if he is able to?" Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in taking it

لَهُ الرَّجُلُ الْفَقِيرُ يُهْدِي إِلَيَّ الْهَدِيَّةَ يَتَعَرَّضُ لِمَا عِنْدِي فَآخُذُهَا وَ لَا أُعْطِيهِ شَيْئاً أَ يَحِلُّ لِي قَالَ نَعَمْ هِيَ لَكَ حَلَالٌ وَ لَكِنْ لَا تَدَعْ أَنْ تُعْطِيَهُ‌[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a poor man who gives me a gift, hoping to receive something from me in return. Is it permissible for me to accept it without giving him anything? Imam (as) said: "Yes, it is permissible for you, and it is lawful for you. However, do not neglect giving him something."

لَنَا[4] ضِيَاعٌ فِيهَا بُيُوتُ نِيرَانٍ تُهْدِي إِلَيْهَا الْمَجُوسُ الْبَقَرَ وَ الْغَنَمَ وَ الدَّرَاهِمَ فَهَلْ يَحِلُّ لِأَرْبَابِ الْقُرَى أَنْ يَأْخُذُوا ذَلِكَ وَ لِبُيُوتِ نِيرَانِهِمْ قُوَّامٌ يَقُومُونَ عَلَيْهَا فَقَالَ أَبُو الْحَسَنِ ع لِيَأْخُذْ أَصْحَابُ الْقُرَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ‌[5].

Hadith.4082 - Muhammad ibn Isma'il ibn Bazi' narrated from Imam Ali ibn Musa Ar-Ridha (as): I asked him about a question that Muhammad ibn Abdullah al-Qummi al-Ash'ari had written to me. He said: "We have lands where there are fire temples, and the Magians (Majus) offer cattle, sheep, and dirhams as gifts to these temp

ع إِذَا اسْتُعِيرَتْ عَارِيَّةٌ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ صَاحِبِهَا فَهَلَكَتْ فَالْمُسْتَعِيرُ ضَامِنٌ‌[2].

"A borrowed item (ariyyah) is not guaranteed by the borrower unless it is stipulated, except in the case of gold or silver, as these are guaranteed whether stipulated or not." Imam (as) also said: "If an item is borrowed without the owner's permission and it perishes, the borrower is liable for it."

إِذَا كَانَ أَمِيناً فَلَا غُرْمَ عَلَيْهِ‌[3].

I asked him about a borrowed item (ariyyah) that a person borrows, and it either perishes or is stolen. Imam (as) said: "If he is trustworthy, then there is no liability upon him."

يَأْخُذُونَ مَتَاعَهُمْ.

Hadith.4085 - Aban narrated from Hariz, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who borrowed a garment and then intentionally used it as collateral for a loan. Imam (as) said: "The owners of the item have the right to reclaim their property."

أَ غَصْبٌ أَمْ عَارِيَّةٌ يَا أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ فَقَالَ ص لَا بَلْ‌

Hadith.4086 - The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) borrowed seventy coats of mail made of iron from Safwan ibn Umayyah al-Jumahi before he embraced Islam. Safwan asked: "O Abu al-Qasim, is this a seizure or a loan?" The Prophet (may Allah (swt) bless him and his family) replied: "No, it is a loan to b

صَاحِبُ الْوَدِيعَةِ وَ الْبِضَاعَةِ مُؤْتَمَنَانِ.

قَالَ‌[1] فِي رَجُلٍ اسْتَأْجَرَ أَجِيراً فَأَقْعَدَهُ عَلَى مَتَاعِهِ فَسُرِقَ قَالَ هُوَ مُؤْتَمَنٌ‌[2].

Hadith.4088 - Imam (as) was asked about a man who hired a laborer and entrusted him to guard his goods, but the goods were stolen. Imam (as) said: "He is considered trustworthy."

كَتَبَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى الْفَقِيهِ ع[3] فِي رَجُلٍ دَفَعَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ وَدِيعَةً وَ أَمَرَهُ أَنْ يَضَعَهَا فِي مَنْزِلِهِ أَوْ لَمْ يَأْمُرْهُ فَوَضَعَهَا الرَّجُلُ فِي مَنْزِلِ جَارِهِ فَضَاعَتْ هَلْ يَجِبُ عَلَيْهِ إِذَا خَالَفَ أَمْرَهُ أَوْ أَخْرَجَهَا مِنْ مِلْكِهِ فَوَقَّعَ ع هُوَ ضَامِنٌ لَهَا إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى.

لَهُ الرَّجُلُ يَكُونُ عِنْدَهُ الْمَالُ وَدِيعَةً يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ صَاحِبِهِ قَالَ لَا يَأْخُذْ إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ لَهُ وَفَاءٌ[5] وَ قَالَ قُلْتُ أَ رَأَيْتَ إِنْ وَجَدَ مَنْ يَضْمَنُهُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ وَفَاءٌ وَ أَشْهَدَ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ الَّذِي يَضْمَنُهُ‌[6] يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ.

I asked Imam (as) about a man who has wealth in his possession as a deposit (wadi'ah). Can he take from it without the owner's permission? Imam (as) said: "He should not take from it unless he has the means to repay it." I then asked: "What if he finds someone who guarantees it for him, but he himself does not have the