Chapters on Legal Cases and Rulings

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ مَاتَ وَ تَرَكَ امْرَأَةً وَ هِيَ حَامِلٌ فَوَضَعَتْ بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِ غُلَاماً ثُمَّ مَاتَ الْغُلَامُ بَعْدَ مَا وَقَعَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ فَشَهِدَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ الَّتِي قَبِلَتْهَا بِهِ أَنَّهُ اسْتَهَلَ‌[5] وَ صَاحَ حِينَ وَقَعَ إِلَى الْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ مَاتَ بَعْدُ فَقَالَ عَلَى الْإِمَامِ أَنْ يُجِيزَ شَهَادَتَهَا فِي رُبُعِ مِيرَاثِ الْغُلَامِ‌[6].

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who died and left behind a wife who was pregnant. She gave birth to a boy after his death, and then the boy died after falling to the ground. The woman who received him testified that he cried out and screamed when he fell to the ground, and then he died afterward. Imam (as) said:

فِي رِوَايَةٍ أُخْرَى‌ إِنْ كَانَتِ امْرَأَتَيْنِ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُمَا فِي نِصْفِ الْمِيرَاثِ وَ إِنْ كُنَّ ثَلَاثَ نِسْوَةٍ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُنَّ فِي ثَلَاثَةِ أَرْبَاعِ الْمِيرَاثِ وَ إِنْ كُنَّ أَرْبَعاً جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُنَّ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ كُلِّهِ‌[1].

Hadith.3317 - And in another narration: If there are two women, their testimony is valid for half of the inheritance. If there are three women, their testimony is valid for three-fourths of the inheritance. And if there are four women, their testimony is valid for the entire inheritance.

قَضَى رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ بِشَهَادَةِ شَاهِدٍ وَ يَمِينِ اَلْمُدَّعِي وَ قَالَ صَلَّى اَللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَ آلِهِ "نَزَلَ عَلَيَّ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ بِالْحُكْمِ بِشَهَادَةِ شَاهِدٍ وَ يَمِينِ صَاحِبِ اَلْحَقِّ"

Hadith.3318 - The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, ruled based on the testimony of one witness and the oath of the claimant. He (sw), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "Jibril (as) descended upon me with the judgment of the testimony of one witness and the oa

لَوْ كَانَ الْأَمْرُ إِلَيْنَا لَأَجَزْنَا شَهَادَةَ الرَّجُلِ إِذَا عُلِمَ مِنْهُ خَيْرٌ مَعَ يَمِينِ

إِذَا شَهِدَ لِطَالِبِ الْحَقِّ امْرَأَتَانِ وَ يَمِينَهُ فَهُوَ جَائِزٌ[2].

رَوَى حَمَّادٌ عَنِ الْحَلَبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع‌ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص أَجَازَ شَهَادَةَ النِّسَاءِ مَعَ يَمِينِ الطَّالِبِ فِي الدَّيْنِ يَحْلِفُ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّ حَقَّهُ لَحَقٌ‌[3].

Hadith.3321 - Hammad narrated from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), that: "The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, permitted the testimony of women along with the oath of the claimant in matters of debt, where he swears by Allah (swt) that his claim is true."

إِنْ شَاءَ شَهِدَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَشْهَدْ[5].

Hadith.3322 - Al-Ala narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), regarding a man who observes the accounting between two men and is then called to testify. Imam (as) said: "If he wishes, he may testify, and if he wishes, he may abstain from testifying."

يَشْهَدُ[6].

Hadith.3323 - Ibn Faddal narrated from Ahmad ibn Yazid, from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), regarding a man who observes the accounting between two men and is then called to testify. Imam (as) said: "He should testify."

أَبَا الْحَسَنِ ع عَنْ رَجُلٍ طَهُرَتِ امْرَأَتُهُ مِنْ حَيْضِهَا فَقَالَ فُلَانَةُ طَالِقٌ وَ قَوْمٌ يَسْمَعُونَ كَلَامَهُ وَ لَمْ يَقُلْ لَهُمُ اشْهَدُوا أَ يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ عَلَيْهَا قَالَ نَعَمْ هَذِهِ شَهَادَةٌ[2] أَ فَتَتْرُكُهَا مُعَلَّقَةً[3].

Hadith.3324 - Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Ashyam narrated that he asked Abu al-Hasan, peace be upon him, about a man whose wife became pure from her menstruation, and he said: "So-and-so is divorced," while people were listening to his words, but he did not tell them, "Bear witness." Does the divorce take effect upon her? Imam (

فَقَدْ قَالَ الصَّادِقُ ع‌ الْعِلْمُ شَهَادَةٌ إِذَا كَانَ صَاحِبُهُ مَظْلُوماً[2].

Hadith.3325 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), said: "Knowledge is a testimony when its possessor is wronged."

قَالَ الْعَبْدُ الصَّالِحُ ع‌ لَا يَنْبَغِي لِلَّذِي يُدْعَى إِلَى شَهَادَةٍ أَنْ يَتَقَاعَسَ عَنْهَا[4].

Hadith.3326 - It is narrated from Muhammad ibn al-Fudayl who said that the Righteous Servant, peace be upon him, said: "One who is called to bear witness should not refrain from it."

قَبْلَ الشَّهَادَةِ وَ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ مَنْ يَكْتُمْها فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ‌[6] قَالَ بَعْدَ الشَّهَادَةِ[7].

Hadith.3327 - It is narrated from Hisham ibn Salim, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding the words of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Majestic: "And the witnesses should not refuse when they are called" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:282) Imam (as) said: "This refers to before giving testimony." And regarding His (swt) words: "And who

لَهُ يَكُونُ لِلرَّجُلِ مِنْ إِخْوَانِي عِنْدِي الشَّهَادَةُ لَيْسَ كُلُّهَا تُجِيزُهَا الْقُضَاةُ عِنْدَنَا قَالَ إِذَا عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهَا حَقٌّ فَصَحِّحْهَا بِكُلِّ وَجْهٍ حَتَّى يَصِحَّ لَهُ حَقُّهُ‌[1].

Hadith.3328 - It is narrated from Uthman ibn Isa, from some of our companions, from Abu Abdullah (as). I said to Imam (as), "A man from my brothers has a testimony with me, but not all of it is admissible by the judges here." Imam (as) said: "If you know that it is true, then validate it in every possible way so that h

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌ مَنْ كَتَمَ الشَّهَادَةَ أَوْ شَهِدَ بِهَا لِيُهْدِرَ بِهَا دَمَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَوْ لِيُتْوِيَ مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ‌[2] أَتَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لِوَجْهِهِ ظُلْمَةٌ مَدَّ الْبَصَرِ وَ فِي وَجْهِهِ كُدُوحٌ‌[3] تَعْرِفُهُ الْخَلَائِقُ بِاسْمِهِ وَ نَسَبِهِ وَ مَنْ شَهِدَ شَهَادَةَ حَقٍّ لِيُحْيِيَ بِهَا مَالَ امْرِئٍ مُسْلِمٍ أَتَى يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَ لِوَجْهِهِ نُورٌ مَدَّ الْبَصَر

Hadith.3329 - It is narrated from Jabir, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), who said that the Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "Whoever conceals testimony or gives false testimony to shed the blood of a Muslim or to destroy the wealth of a Muslim, will co

قَالَ ع‌ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ- وَ مَنْ يَكْتُمْها فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ‌ قَالَ كَافِرٌ قَلْبُهُ‌[5].

Hadith.3330 - And Imam (as) said regarding the saying of Allah (swt), the Almighty and Glorious: "And whoever conceals it, then indeed his heart is sinful" (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:283) Imam (as) said: "His heart is disbelieving."

إِذَا كَانَ الشَّيْ‌ءُ قَائِماً بِعَيْنِهِ رُدَّ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ‌[2] وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَائِماً ضَمِنَ بِقَدْرِ مَا أَتْلَفَ مِنْ مَالِ الرَّجُلِ‌[3].

Hadith.3331 - Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Jamil ibn Darraj from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding false testimony. Imam (as) said: "If the thing is present in its original form, it is returned to its owner. But if it is no longer present, then the false witness is liable for the value of what he caused to be lost f

قُلْتُ فَإِنْ تَابُوا وَ أَصْلَحُوا أَ تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَتُهُمْ بَعْدُ فَقَالَ إِذَا تَابُوا تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ وَ قُبِلَتْ شَهَادَتُهُمْ بَعْدُ.

"False witnesses are subjected to flogging as a punishment, and its extent is determined by the Imam. They are paraded publicly so that they may be recognized and refrain from repeating the act." I said: "If they repent and reform, will their testimony be accepted afterward?" Imam (as) said: "If they repent, Allah (swt

وَ كَانَ عَلِيٌّ ع إِذَا أَخَذَ شَاهِدَ زُورٍ[5] فَإِنْ كَانَ غَرِيباً[6] بَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى حَيِّهِ وَ إِنْ كَانَ سُوقِيّاً بَعَثَ بِهِ إِلَى سُوقِهِ‌[7] ثُمَّ يُطِيفُ بِهِ ثُمَّ يَحْبِسُهُ أَيَّاماً ثُمَّ يُخَلِّي سَبِيلَهُ.

Hadith.3333 - It is reported that when Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) apprehended a false witness, if the person was a stranger, he would send him back to his tribe. If the person was a tradesman, Imam (as) would send him to his marketplace. Then Imam (as) would parade him publicly, imprison him for a few days, and afterw

لَهَا الْمَهْرُ بِمَا اسْتَحَلَّ مِنْ فَرْجِهَا الْأَخِيرُ وَ يُضْرَبُ الشَّاهِدَانِ الْحَدَّ وَ يُضَمَّنَانِ الْمَهْرَ بِمَا غَرَّا الرَّجُلَ ثُمَّ تَعْتَدُّ[2] وَ تَرْجِعُ إِلَى زَوْجِهَا الْأَوَّلِ.

Hadith.3334 - Ibrahim ibn Abdul Hamid reported from Abu Basir, who narrated from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a woman for whom two witnesses testified that her husband had died. She then remarried, but later her first husband returned. Imam (as) said: "The second husband owes her the dowry because he lawfully enjoyed h

لَا سَبِيلَ لِلْأَخِيرِ عَلَيْهَا وَ يُؤْخَذُ الصَّدَاقُ مِنَ الَّذِي شَهِدَ وَ رَجَعَ فَيُرَدُّ عَلَى الْأَخِيرِ[3] وَ يُفَرَّقُ بَيْنَهُمَا وَ تَعْتَدُّ مِنَ الْأَخِيرِ وَ لَا يَقْرَبُهَا الْأَوَّلُ حَتَّى تَنْقَضِيَ عِدَّتُهَا.

Hadith.3335 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub reported from Al-Ala and Abu Ayyub, who narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from Abu Jafar Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), regarding two men who testified against an absent man in the presence of his wife, claiming that he had divorced her. The woman observed her waiting period (id

بِمَ تُعْرَفُ تَوْبَتُهُ قَالَ يُكَذِّبُ نَفْسَهُ عَلَى رُءُوسِ الْأَشْهَادِ حَيْثُ يُضْرَبُ وَ يَسْتَغْفِرُ رَبَّهُ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ فَإِنْ هُوَ فَعَلَ ذَلِكَ فَثَمَّ ظَهَرَتْ تَوْبَتُهُ.

Hadith.3336 - Ali ibn Matar narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, who reported from Abu Abdullah (as), that Imam (as) said: "False witnesses are subjected to a punishment of flogging, the duration of which is determined by the Imam. They are paraded so that people recognize them." Allah (swt), the Almighty, says: 'And do n

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌[6] لَا يَنْقَضِي كَلَامُ شَاهِدِ زُورٍ مِنْ بَيْنِ يَدَيِ الْحَاكِمِ‌ حَتَّى يَتَبَوَّأَ مَقْعَدَهُ مِنَ النَّارِ[1] وَ كَذَلِكَ مَنْ كَتَمَ الشَّهَادَةَ.

Hadith.3337 - The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "The speech of a false witness does not end before the judge without him having taken his seat in the Hellfire, and the same applies to one who conceals testimony."

مَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَشْهَدُ شَهَادَةَ زُورٍ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مُسْلِمٍ لِيَقْطَعَ مَالَهُ إِلَّا كَتَبَ اللَّهُ لَهُ مَكَانَهُ صَكّاً إِلَى النَّارِ[2].

رَوَى جَمِيلُ بْنُ دَرَّاجٍ عَمَّنْ أَخْبَرَهُ‌[3] عَنْ أَحَدِهِمَا ع‌ فِي الشُّهُودِ إِذَا شَهِدُوا عَلَى رَجُلٍ ثُمَّ رَجَعُوا عَنْ شَهَادَتِهِمْ وَ قَدْ قُضِيَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ ضُمِّنُوا مَا شَهِدُوا بِهِ وَ غُرِّمُوا فَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ قُضِيَ طُرِحَتْ شَهَادَتُهُمْ وَ لَمْ يُغَرَّمِ الشُّهُودُ شَيْئاً[4].

"Regarding witnesses who testify against a man and then retract their testimony-if a judgment has already been passed against the man, the witnesses are held liable for what they testified and must pay compensation. However, if no judgment has been passed, their testimony is discarded, and the witnesses are not require

وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ عَادِلَةٌ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَ إِنْ أَقَامَ بَعْدَ مَا اسْتَحْلَفَهُ بِاللَّهِ خَمْسِينَ قَسَامَةً[1] مَا كَانَ لَهُ حَقٌّ فَإِنَّ الْيَمِينَ قَدْ أَبْطَلَتْ كُلَّ مَا ادَّعَاهُ قَبْلَهُ مِمَّا قَدِ اسْتَحْلَفَهُ عَلَيْهِ‌[2].

"If the claimant is satisfied with the oath of the defendant regarding his claim, and he requests the defendant to swear, and the defendant swears that there is no right due to the claimant upon him, then the oath nullifies the claimant's right, and he no longer has a claim." I said: "What if the claimant has a just an

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص‌[3] مَنْ حَلَفَ لَكُمْ بِاللَّهِ عَلَى حَقٍّ فَصَدِّقُوهُ وَ مَنْ سَأَلَكُمْ بِاللَّهِ فَأَعْطُوهُ ذَهَبَتِ الْيَمِينُ بِدَعْوَى الْمُدَّعِي‌[4] وَ لَا دَعْوَى لَهُ.

Hadith.3341 - The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace and blessings be upon him and his family, said: "Whoever swears to you by Allah (swt) regarding a right, then believe him, and whoever asks you in the name of Allah (swt), then give him. The oath is for the claimant, and there is no claim for him without it."

إِذَا أَقَامَ الْمُدَّعِي الْبَيِّنَةَ فَلَيْسَ عَلَيْهِ يَمِينٌ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يُقِمِ الْبَيِّنَةَ فَرَدَّ عَلَيْهِ الَّذِي ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ الْيَمِينَ فَأَبَى فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُ[1].

لِلشَّيْخِ يَعْنِي مُوسَى بْنَ جَعْفَرٍ ع‌[2] أَخْبِرْنِي عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَدَّعِي قِبَلَ الرَّجُلِ الْحَقَّ فَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُ بَيِّنَةٌ بِمَا لَهُ قَالَ فَيَمِينُ الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ‌[3] فَإِنْ حَلَفَ فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُ- وَ إِنْ رَدَّ الْيَمِينَ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي فَلَمْ يَحْلِفْ فَلَا حَقَّ لَهُ فَإِنْ كَانَ الْمَطْلُوبُ بِالْحَقِّ قَدْ مَاتَ وَ أُقِيمَتْ عَلَيْهِ الْبَيِّنَةُ فَعَلَى الْمُدَّعِي الْيَمِينُ بِاللَّهِ

I asked the Sheikh, meaning Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as), "Inform me about a man who claims a right against another man but has no evidence to prove his claim." Imam (as) said: "The defendant must take an oath. If he swears, then the claimant has no right. However, if the defendant refers the oath back to the cla

رَوَى شُعَيْبٌ‌[3] عَنْ أَبِي بَصِيرٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع أَنَّهُ ذَكَرَ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع أَتَاهُ قَوْمٌ يَخْتَصِمُونَ فِي بَغْلَةٍ فَقَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ لِهَؤُلَاءِ أَنَّهُمْ أَنْتَجُوهَا عَلَى مِذْوَدِهِمْ لَمْ يَبِيعُوا وَ لَمْ يَهَبُوا وَ قَامَتِ الْبَيِّنَةُ لِهَؤُلَاءِ أَنَّهُمْ أَنْتَجُوهَا عَلَى مِذْوَدِهِمْ‌[4] لَمْ يَبِيعُوا وَ لَمْ‌ يَهَبُوا فَقَضَى ع بِهَا لِأَكْثَرِهِمْ بَيِّنَةً وَ اسْتَحْلَفَه

قَالَ أَبُو بَصِيرٍ[2] وَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يَأْتِي الْقَوْمَ فَيَدَّعِي دَاراً فِي أَيْدِيهِمْ وَ يُقِيمُ الْبَيِّنَةَ وَ يُقِيمُ الَّذِي فِي يَدِهِ الدَّارُ الْبَيِّنَةَ أَنَّهَا وَرِثَهَا عَنْ أَبِيهِ وَ لَا يَدْرِي كَيْفَ أَمْرُهَا فَقَالَ أَكْثَرُهُمْ بَيِّنَةً يُسْتَحْلَفُ وَ تُدْفَعُ إِلَيْهِ.

Hadith.3345 - Abu Basir narrated that he asked Abu Abdullah (as), about a man who comes to a group of people and claims ownership of a house in their possession. He provides evidence, and the one in possession of the house also provides evidence that he inherited it from his father but does not know its exact history.

"لاَ بَأْسَ بِالشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى إِقْرَارِ اَلْمَرْأَةِ وَ لَيْسَتْ بِمُسْفِرَةٍ إِذَا عُرِفَتْ بِعَيْنِهَا أَوْ يَحْضُرُ مَنْ عَرَفَهَا ".

"There is no issue with bearing witness to a woman's acknowledgment (confession) without her unveiling her face, as long as she is identified either by her specific features or in the presence of someone who recognizes her."

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع‌ فِي رَجُلٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَلَى امْرَأَةٍ لَيْسَ لَهَا بِمَحْرَمٍ هَلْ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ عَلَيْهَا مِنْ وَرَاءِ السِّتْرِ وَ يَسْمَعَ كَلَامَهَا إِذَا شَهِدَ عَدْلَانِ أَنَّهَا فُلَانَةُ بِنْتُ فُلَانٍ- الَّتِي تُشْهِدُكَ وَ هَذَا كَلَامُهَا أَوْ لَا تَجُوزُ الشَّهَادَةُ عَلَيْهَا حَتَّى ت

Hadith.3347 - It is narrated that Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar (may Allah (swt) be pleased with him) wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ali (as) regarding a man who wanted to testify about a woman who was not his mahram (unmarriageable relative). He asked: "Is it permissible for him to testify about her from behind

الشُّهُودُ إِنَّا لَا نَعْلَمُ‌[4] خَلِ‌

Hadith.3348 - It is narrated by Isma'il ibn Muslim from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that he said: "Testimonies are invalidated in cases of usury (riba) and bias (janaf). If the witnesses say, 'We do not know,' then release them. However, if they are found to

يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أُحِبُّ أَنْ تَشْهَدَ لِي عَلَى نَخْلٍ نَحَلْتُهَا ابْنِي قَالَ مَا لَكَ وَلَدٌ سِوَاهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ فَنَحَلْتَهُمْ كَمَا نَحَلْتَهُ قَالَ لَا قَالَ فَإِنَّا مَعَاشِرَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ لَا نَشْهَدُ عَلَى الْجَنَفِ‌[1].

Hadith.3349 - In a narration from Abdullah ibn Maymun from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), it is stated: "A man from the Ansar came to the Prophet (peace be upon him and his family) and said: 'O Messenger of Allah (swt), I wish for you to bear witness for me re

الصَّادِقُ ع‌ لَا تَشْهَدْ عَلَى مَنْ يُطَلِّقُ لِغَيْرِ السُّنَّةِ[2].

Hadith.3350 - In a narration from Abu al-Husayn Muhammad ibn Ja'far al-Asadi (may Allah (swt) be pleased with him), Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Do not bear witness for one who divorces contrary to the Sunnah."

إِذَا شَهِدَ رَجُلٌ عَلَى شَهَادَةِ رَجُلٍ فَإِنَّ شَهَادَتَهُ تُقْبَلُ وَ هِيَ نِصْفُ شَهَادَةٍ[3] وَ إِنْ شَهِدَ رَجُلَانِ عَدْلَانِ عَلَى شَهَادَةِ رَجُلٍ فَقَدْ ثَبَتَ شَهَادَةُ رَجُلٍ وَاحِدٍ

رَوَى غِيَاثُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ ع‌ أَنَّ عَلِيّاً ع كَانَ لَا يُجِيزُ شَهَادَةَ رَجُلٍ عَلَى شَهَادَةِ رَجُلٍ إِلَّا شَهَادَةَ رَجُلَيْنِ عَلَى شَهَادَةِ رَجُلٍ.

Hadith.3352 - Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): "Indeed, Imam Ali (as) would not validate the testimony of one man based on the testimony of another man, except if there were two men testifying based on testimony of one man."

إِنِّي لَمْ أُشْهِدْهُ قَالَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةُ أَعْدَلِهِمَا وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ عَدَالَتُهُمَا وَاحِدَةً لَمْ تَجُزْ شَهَادَتُهُ‌[2].

Hadith.3353 - It is narrated from Abdullah ibn Sinan, from Abdurrahman ibn Abi Abdullah, from Abu Abdullah (as) regarding a man who testified based on the testimony of another man, and then the original man said: 'I did not make him a witness,' Imam (as) said: "The testimony of the more upright of the two is accepted,

نَعَمْ قُلْتُ فَيَهُودِيٌّ أُشْهِدَ عَلَى شَهَادَةٍ ثُمَّ أَسْلَمَ أَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ‌[3].

Hadith.3354 - Safwan ibn Yahya asked Abu al-Hasan (as): About a man who made his employee a witness to a testimony and then separated from him, would his testimony be valid after their separation? Imam (as) said: "Yes." He further asked: What if a Jew was made a witness to a testimony and then embraced Islam, would his

أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ ع عَنِ الذِّمِّيِّ وَ الْعَبْدِ يُشْهَدَانِ عَلَى شَهَادَةٍ ثُمَّ يُسْلِمُ الذِّمِّيُّ وَ يُعْتَقُ الْعَبْدُ أَ تَجُوزُ شَهَادَتُهُمَا عَلَى مَا كَانَا أُشْهِدَا عَلَيْهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا عُلِمَ مِنْهُمَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُمَا.

Hadith.3355 - Al-Ala narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim: He said: I asked Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a dhimmi (non-Muslim under Islamic protection) and a slave who bore witness to a testimony. Then the dhimmi embraced Islam and the slave was emancipated, would their testimony about what they we

قَالَ‌

Hadith.3356 - Ghiyath ibn Ibrahim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "Testimony upon testimony is not valid in cases involving prescribed punishments (hudud), nor is sponsorship (kafalah) valid in cases involving pre

نَعَمْ وَ لَوْ كَانَ خَلْفَ سَارِيَةٍ وَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ إِذَا كَانَ لَا يُمْكِنُهُ أَنْ يُقِيمَهَا لِعِلَّةٍ تَمْنَعُهُ مِنْ أَنْ يَحْضُرَ وَ يُقِيمَهَا فَلَا بَأْسَ بِإِقَامَةِ الشَّهَادَةِ عَلَى شَهَادَتِهِ‌[2].

Hadith.3357 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Al-Baqir, Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali (as) regarding testimony upon the testimony of a man who is present in the town. Imam (as) said: "Yes, even if he is behind a column. It is permissible if he is unable to present it himself due to some excuse preventing him from

لَا وَ لَكِنْ مَنْ يَحْفَظُهَا عَلَيْكَ‌[3]. وَ لَا تَجُوزُ شَهَادَةٌ عَلَى شَهَادَةٍ عَلَى شَهَادَةٍ[4].

Hadith.3358 - Amr ibn Jumay' narrated from Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): Imam (as) said: "Let someone trustworthy bear witness to your testimony." They asked: 'May Allah (swt) keep you well, how can it increase or decrease?' Imam (as) replied: "

لَا تَشْهَدَنَّ عَلَى شَهَادَةٍ حَتَّى تَعْرِفَهَا كَمَا تَعْرِفُ كَفَّكَ[1].

لِأَبِي الْحَسَنِ الْمَاضِي ع يُشْهِدُنِي هَؤُلَاءِ عَلَى إِخْوَانِي قَالَ نَعَمْ أَقِمِ الشَّهَادَةَ لَهُمْ وَ إِنْ خِفْتَ عَلَى أَخِيكَ ضَرَراً.

I said to Abu al-Hasan al-Madhi (as) (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)): "These people call me to testify against my brothers." Imam (as) said: 'Yes, establish the testimony for them, even if you fear harm for your brother.'"

قُلْتُ لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ رَجُلٌ يُشْهِدُنِي عَلَى اَلشَّهَادَةِ فَأَعْرِفُ خَطِّي وَ خَاتَمِي وَ لاَ أَذْكُرُ مِنَ اَلْبَاقِي قَلِيلاً وَ لاَ كَثِيراً فَقَالَ "إِذَا كَانَ صَاحِبُكَ ثِقَةً وَ مَعَكَ رَجُلٌ ثِقَةٌ فَاشْهَدْ لَهُ".

I said to Abu Abdullah (as): "A man calls me to testify, and I recognize my handwriting and my seal, but I do not remember anything else, whether little or much." Imam (as) said: 'If your companion is trustworthy and you have another trustworthy man with you, then testify for him.'"

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الصَّفَّارُ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ إِلَى أَبِي مُحَمَّدٍ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ ع‌ هَلْ تُقْبَلُ شَهَادَةُ الْوَصِيِّ لِلْمَيِّتِ بِدَيْنٍ لَهُ عَلَى رَجُلٍ مَعَ شَاهِدٍ آخَرَ عَدْلٍ فَوَقَّعَ ع إِذَا شَهِدَ مَعَهُ آخَرُ عَدْلٌ فَعَلَى الْمُدَّعِي يَمِينٌ‌[2] وَ كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ أَ يَجُوزُ لِلْوَصِيِّ أَنْ يَشْهَدَ لِوَارِثِ الْمَيِّتِ صَغِيراً أَوْ كَبِيراً بِحَقٍّ لَهُ عَلَى الْمَيِّتِ

Hadith.3362 - Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Saffar, may Allah (swt) have mercy on him, wrote to Abu Muhammad al-Hasan ibn Ali (as): "Is the testimony of the executor (al-wasi) for the deceased regarding a debt owed to him by a man acceptable along with another just witness?" Imam (as) replied: "If another just witness testi

"لاَ يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ لِعِلَّةِ اَلتَّدْلِيسِ".

Hadith.3363 - Abu Abdillah (as) was asked about a man who has a right over another man, but the latter denies his right and swears that he owes him nothing. The claimant has no evidence to support his claim. Is it permissible for him to revive his right through false testimony if he fears losing it? Imam (as) replied:

إِذَا دَفَنْتَ فِي الْأَرْضِ شَيْئاً فَأَشْهِدْ عَلَيْهَا فَإِنَّهَا لَا تُؤَدِّي إِلَيْكَ شَيْئاً

قَالَ ع‌ أَوَّلُ شَهَادَةٍ شُهِدَ بِهَا بِالزُّورِ فِي الْإِسْلَامِ شَهَادَةُ سَبْعِينَ رَجُلًا حِينَ انْتَهَوْا إِلَى مَاءِ الْحَوْأَبِ فَنَبَحَتْهُمْ كِلَابُهَا فَأَرَادَتْ صَاحِبَتُهُمُ الرُّجُوعَ وَ قَالَتْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ص يَقُولُ لِأَزْوَاجِهِ إِنَّ إِحْدَاكُنَّ تَنْبَحُهَا كِلَابُ الْحَوْأَبِ-[3]

Hadith.3365 - Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "The first false testimony given in Islam was the testimony of seventy men when they reached the water of Haw'ab, and its dogs barked at them. The woman among them intended to return and said: 'I heard the Messenger of Allah (swt) (peace be upon him