Chapters on Legal Cases and Rulings

قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص فِي رَجُلٍ بَاعَ نَخْلَهُ وَ اسْتَثْنَى نَخْلَةً قَضَى لَهُ بِالْمَدْخَلِ إِلَيْهَا وَ الْمَخْرَجِ مِنْهَا وَ مَدَى جَرَائِدِهَا[3].

حَرِيمُ الْبِئْرِ الْعَادِيَّةِ[4] خَمْسُونَ ذِرَاعاً إِلَّا أَنْ يَكُونَ إِلَى عَطَنٍ[5] أَوْ إِلَى طَرِيقٍ فَيَكُونُ أَقَلَّ مِنْ ذَلِكَ إِلَى خَمْسَةٍ وَ عِشْرِينَ ذِرَاعاً.

حَرِيمُ النَّخْلَةِ طُولُ سَعَفَتِهَا[6]

رُوِي‌ أَنَّ حَرِيمَ الْمَسْجِدِ أَرْبَعُونَ ذِرَاعاً مِنْ كُلِّ نَاحِيَةٍ وَ حَرِيمَ الْمُؤْمِنِ فِي الصَّيْفِ بَاعٌ وَ رُوِيَ عَظْمُ الذِّرَاعِ‌[1].

Hadith.3419 - It has been narrated: "The protected area (harim) of a mosque is forty cubits from every side, and the protected area (harim) of a believer in the summer is a span." And it has also been narrated: "The length of a cubit."

يُقَايَسَانِ بِحَقَائِبِ الْبِئْرِ لَيْلَةً لَيْلَةً فَيُنْظَرُ أَيَّتُهَا أَضَرَّتْ بِصَاحِبَتِهَا فَإِنْ كَانَتِ الْأَخِيرَةُ أَضَرَّتْ بِالْأُولَى فَلْيَتَعَوَّرْ[2] وَ قَضَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص بِذَلِكَ وَ قَالَ إِنْ كَانَتِ الْأُولَى أَخَذَتْ مَاءَ الْأَخِيرَةِ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِصَاحِبِ الْأَخِيرَةِ عَلَى الْأُولَى سَبِيلٌ.

Hadith.3420 - Narrated by Uqbah ibn Khalid from Abu Abdullah (as): Regarding a man who dug a water channel from a mountain, and its water flowed for a year. Then another man came to the same mountain and dug another channel, but the second channel diverted the water of the first channel. Imam (as) said: "They should me

مَا كَانَ فِي مَكَانٍ جَلِيدٍ فَلَا يَضُرُّهُ‌[4] وَ مَا كَانَ فِي أَرْضٍ رِخْوَةٍ بَطْحَاءَ فَإِنَّهُ يَضُرُّ.

Hadith.3421 - Imam (as) was asked about a group of people who had springs in a land, with some springs being close to others. One of the men wanted to lower the level of his spring from its original position, but some of the springs, if altered in this way, could harm the others, while some would not cause harm due to

قَالَ ع‌ يَكُونُ بَيْنَ الْبِئْرَيْنِ إِنْ كَانَتْ أَرْضاً صُلْبَةً خَمْسُمِائَةِ ذِرَاعٍ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ رِخْوَةً فَأَلْفُ ذِرَاعٍ‌[1].

Hadith.3422 - Imam (as) said: "There should be a distance of five hundred cubits between two wells if the land is solid, and one thousand cubits if the land is loose."

قَالَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ ع‌ كَانَ لِسَمُرَةَ بْنِ جُنْدَبٍ نَخْلَةٌ فِي حَائِطِ بَنِي فُلَانٍ فَكَانَ إِذَا جَاءَ إِلَى نَخْلَتِهِ نَظَرَ إِلَى شَيْ‌ءٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ الرَّجُلِ يَكْرَهُهُ الرَّجُلُ قَالَ فَذَهَبَ الرَّجُلُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ص فَشَكَاهُ فَقَالَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ سَمُرَةَ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيَّ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِي فَلَوْ أَرْسَلْتَ إِلَيْهِ فَأَمَرْتَهُ أَنْ يَسْتَأْذِنَ حَتَّى تَأْخُذَ أَهْلِي حِذْرَهَا م

Hadith.3423 - Al-Hasan al-Sayqal narrated from Abu Ubaydah al-Hadhdha', who said that Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "Samurah ibn Jundub had a date palm tree in the orchard of a certain man. Whenever he came to his tree, he would see things related to the man's family that the man disliked being s

لَهُ مَنِ الَّذِي أُجْبَرُ عَلَى نَفَقَتِهِ قَالَ الْوَالِدَانِ وَ الْوَلَدُ وَ الزَّوْجَةُ[1] وَ الْوَارِثُ الصَّغِيرُ يَعْنِي الْأَخَ وَ ابْنَ الْأَخِ وَ غَيْرَهُ‌[2].

Hadith.3424 - Muhammad ibn Ali al-Halabi narrated from Abu Abdillah (as): I said to Imam (as): "Who are those whom I am obligated to provide for?" Imam (as) said: "The parents, the child, the wife, and the minor heir - meaning the brother, the brother's son, and others."

جَاءَ أَعْرَابِيٌّ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ص‌[3] فَادَّعَى عَلَيْهِ سَبْعِينَ دِرْهَماً ثَمَنَ‌

Hadith.3425 - A Bedouin came to the Prophet, peace be upon him and his family, and claimed seventy dirhams as the price of a she-camel he had sold to Him (sw). The Prophet (sw) said: "I have paid you." The Bedouin said: "Appoint someone between me and you who will judge between us." Then, a man from Quraysh approached,

حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أَيُّوبَ الْكُوفِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ وَهْبٍ الْعَلَّافُ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ النَّبَّالُ‌ عَنِ ابْنِ جُرَيْجٍ عَنِ الضَّحَّاكِ‌[1] عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ‌ خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ص مِنْ مَنْزِلِ عَائِشَةَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ أَعْرَابِيٌّ وَ مَعَهُ نَاقَةٌ فَقَالَ يَا مُحَمَّدُ تَشْتَرِي هَذِهِ النَّاقَةَ فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ص نَعَمْ بِكَمْ تَبِيعُهَا يَا أَعْرَابِيُّ فَقَالَ بِ

Abu Ayyub al-Kufi narrated to us, who said: Ishaq ibn Wahb al-Allaf narrated to us, who said: Abu Asim al-Nabbal narrated to us, from Ibn Jurayj, from al-Dahhak, from Ibn Abbas, who said: The Messenger of Allah (swt), peace be upon him and his family, came out from the house of Aisha, and a Bedouin approached him with

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى النَّيْسَابُورِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْيَمَانِ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ نَافِعٍ الْحِمْصِيُّ قَالَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعَيْبٌ عَنْ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ الذُّهْلِيِّ قَالَ‌[4] حَدَّثَنِي عُمَارَةُ بْنُ خُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ أَنَّ عَمَّهُ حَدَّثَهُ وَ هُوَ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ص‌ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ص ابْتَاعَ فَرَساً مِنْ أَعْرَابِيٍّ فَأَسْرَعَ النَّبِيُّ ص الْمَشْ

Muhammad ibn Yahya al-Naysaburi narrated to us, who said: Abu al-Yaman al-Hakam ibn Nafi' al-Himsi narrated to us, who said: Shu'ayb narrated from al-Zuhri, from Abdullah ibn Ahmad al-Dhuhli, who said: 'Umara ibn Khuzayma ibn Thabit narrated to me that his uncle, who was one of the companions of the Prophet, peace be u

عَلِيٌّ ع هَذِهِ دِرْعُ طَلْحَةَ أُخِذَتْ غُلُولًا[2] يَوْمَ الْبَصْرَةِ فَقَالَ ابْنُ قُفْلٍ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ اجْعَلْ بَيْنِي وَ بَيْنَكَ قَاضِيَكَ الَّذِي ارْتَضَيْتَهُ لِلْمُسْلِمِينَ فَجَعَلَ بَيْنَهُ وَ بَيْنَهُ شُرَيْحاً فَقَالَ عَلِيٌّ ع هَذِهِ دِرْعُ طَلْحَةَ أُخِذَتْ غُلُولًا يَوْمَ الْبَصْرَةِ فَقَالَ شُرَيْحٌ يَا أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ هَاتِ عَلَى مَا تَقُولُ بَيِّنَةً فَأَتَاهُ بِالْحَسَنِ بْنِ

Hadith.3428 - Muhammad ibn Qays narrated from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as): Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) was in the Mosque of Kufa when Abdullah ibn Qufl al-Taymi passed by him, carrying the armor of Talha. Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "This is Talha's armor, which was taken unlawfully on the day

إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ الْمَرْأَةُ تَمُوتُ فَيَدَّعِي أَبُوهَا أَنَّهُ أَعَارَهَا بَعْضَ مَا كَانَ عِنْدَهَا مِنَ الْمَتَاعِ وَ الْخَدَمِ أَ تُقْبَلُ دَعْوَاهُ بِلَا بَيِّنَةٍ أَمْ لَا تُقْبَلُ دَعْوَاهُ إِلَّا بِبَيِّنَةٍ فَكَتَبَ ع تَجُوزُ بِلَا بَيِّنَةٍ قَالَ وَ كَتَبْتُ إِلَى أَبِي الْحَسَنِ يَعْنِي عَلِيَّ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ ع جُعِلْتُ فِدَاكَ إِنِ ادَّعَى زَوْجُ الْمَرْأَةِ الْمَيِّتَةِ أَوْ أَبُ

I wrote to Abu al-Hasan (as) saying: "May I be your ransom. If a woman dies and her father claims that he had lent her some of the items or servants in her possession, is his claim accepted without evidence, or is it not accepted unless he provides evidence?" Imam (as) wrote in reply: "His claim is accepted without evi

إِذَا طَلَّقَ الرَّجُلُ امْرَأَتَهُ فَادَّعَتْ أَنَّ الْمَتَاعَ لَهَا وَ ادَّعَى أَنَّ الْمَتَاعَ لَهُ كَانَ لَهُ مَا لِلرِّجَالِ وَ لَهَا مَا لِلنِّسَاءِ[2]. وَ قَدْ رُوِيَ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ أَحَقُّ بِالْمَتَاعِ لِأَنَّ مَنْ بَيْنَ لَابَتَيْهَا قَدْ يَعْلَمُ أَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ تَنْقُلُ إِلَى بَيْتِ زَوْجِهَا الْمَتَاعَ[3].

لِلْعَيْنِ مَا رَأَتْ وَ لِلْيَدِ مَا أَخَذَتْ.

Hadith.3431 - Al-Sakuni narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) from his father, Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), from his forefathers, from Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as): He (as) was asked about a man who saw a bird and followed it until it landed on a tree. Then another man came and took it. Imam Ali ib

أَبَا عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع عَنِ الْأَخْرَسِ كَيْفَ يَحْلِفُ إِذَا ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُدَّعِي بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَالَ إِنَّ أَمِيرَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع أُتِيَ بِأَخْرَسَ وَ ادُّعِيَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ فَأَنْكَرَهُ وَ لَمْ يَكُنْ لِلْمُدَّعِي عَلَيْهِ بَيِّنَةٌ فَقَالَ أَمِيرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ ع الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُخْرِجْنِي مِنَ الدُّنْيَا حَتَّى بَيَّنْتُ لِلْأُمَّةِ جَمِيعَ مَا يَحْتَاجُ إِلَيْه

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about an oath for a mute person if a debt is claimed against him and the claimant has no evidence. Imam (as) said: "Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, was once brought a case involving a mute person against whom a debt was claimed. The mute denied it, and the claimant had no eviden

مَنْ أَعْتَقَ مُؤْمِناً أَعْتَقَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوٍ مِنْهُ عُضْواً مِنَ النَّارِ وَ إِنْ كَانَتْ أُنْثَى أَعْتَقَ اللَّهُ بِكُلِّ عُضْوَيْنِ مِنْهَا عُضْواً مِنَ النَّارِ لِأَنَّ الْمَرْأَةَ بِنِصْفِ الرَّجُلِ[2]

يُسْتَحَبُّ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَتَقَرَّبَ عَشِيَّةَ عَرَفَةَ وَ يَوْمَ عَرَفَةَ بِالْعِتْقِ وَ الصَّدَقَةِ.

إِذَا مَلَكَ الرَّجُلُ وَالِدَيْهِ أَوْ أُخْتَهُ أَوْ عَمَّتَهُ أَوْ خَالَتَهُ أَوِ ابْنَةَ أَخِيهِ أَوِ ابْنَةَ أُخْتِهِ وَ ذَكَرَ أَهْلَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ[3] مِنَ النِّسَاءِ عَتَقُوا جَمِيعاً وَ يَمْلِكُ الرَّجُلُ عَمَّهُ وَ ابْنَ

إِنْ كَانَ مُوسِراً كُلِّفَ أَنْ يَضْمَنَ وَ إِنْ كَانَ مُعْسِراً أُخْدِمَتْ بِالْحِصَصِ‌[3].

Hadith.3436 - Hammad narrated from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a bondwoman who was jointly owned by two people, and one of them freed his share. Imam (as) said: "If he is financially capable, he is required to pay and compensate for the remaining share. But if he is financially incapable, she continues

يُقَوَّمُ قِيمَةَ يَوْمٍ حَرَّرَ الْأَوَّلُ وَ أُمِرَ الْمُحَرَّرُ أَنْ يَسْعَى فِي نِصْفِهِ الَّذِي لَمْ يُحَرَّرْ حَتَّى يَقْضِيَهُ.

Commander of the Faithful, peace be upon him, ruled regarding a slave who was jointly owned by two men. One of them freed his half while the slave was still a child, and the other retained ownership of his half. Imam (as) said: "The slave shall be valued based on his worth on the day the first owner freed his share, an

سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ عَنِ اَلرَّجُلَيْنِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمَا اَلْأَمَةُ فَيُعْتِقُ أَحَدُهُمَا نِصْفَهُ فَتَقُولُ اَلْأَمَةُ لِلَّذِي لَمْ يُعْتِقْ نِصْفَهُ لاَ أُرِيدُ أَنْ تُقَوِّمَنِي ذَرْنِي كَمَا أَنَا أَخْدُمْكَ وَ أَنَّهُ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَسْتَنْكِحَ اَلنِّصْفَ اَلْآخَرَ قَالَ "لاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَفْعَلَ إِنَّهُ لاَ يَكُونُ لِلْمَرْأَةِ فَرْجَانِ وَ لاَ يَنْبَغِي لَهُ أَنْ يَس

I asked Abu Abdullah (as), about two men who jointly own a female slave. One of them frees his half, and the slave says to the one who did not free his half, "I do not want to be valued; leave me as I am, and I will continue serving you." Meanwhile, the owner intends to marry the other half of her. Imam (as) said: "He

إِنْ كَانَ مُضَارّاً كُلِّفَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ كُلَّهُ وَ إِلَّا اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ فِي النِّصْفِ الْآخَرِ[2].

Hadith.3439 - Hammad narrated from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), that he was asked about two men who jointly owned a slave, and one of them freed his share. Imam (as) said: "If he did so with the intent of causing harm, he will be required to free the slave completely. Otherwise, the slave must work to pay off the

لِأَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ع رَجُلٌ وَرِثَ غُلَاماً وَ لَهُ فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ فَأَعْتَقَ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ نَصِيبَهُ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ مُضَارَّةً وَ هُوَ مُوسِرٌ ضَمِنَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ وَ إِذَا أَعْتَقَ نَصِيبَهُ لِوَجْهِ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَّ كَانَ الْغُلَامُ قَدْ أُعْتِقَ مِنْهُ حِصَّةُ مَنْ أَعْتَقَ وَ يَسْتَعْمِلُونَهُ عَلَى قَدْرِ مَا لَهُمْ فِيهِ فَإِنْ كَانَ فِيهِ نِصْفُهُ عَمِلَ لَهُمْ يَوْماً وَ لَهُ ي

I said to Abu Abdullah (as), "A man inherited a slave, and there were partners with him in the ownership of the slave. He freed his share for the sake of Allah (swt)." Imam (as) said: "If he freed his share with the intent of causing harm while being financially capable, he must compensate the heirs. But if he freed hi

لَا عِتْقَ إِلَّا مَا أُرِيدَ بِهِ وَجْهُ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَ جَلَ[3]

مَتَى آتِيهَا فَهِيَ حُرَّةٌ ثُمَّ يَبِيعُهَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ ثُمَّ يَشْتَرِيهَا بَعْدَ ذَلِكَ قَالَ لَا بَأْسَ بِأَنْ يَأْتِيَهَا قَدْ خَرَجَتْ مِنْ مِلْكِهِ.

I asked him about a man who owned a bondwoman and said: "Whenever I approach her, she will be free." Then he sold her to another man and later bought her back. Imam (as) said: "There is no harm in approaching her, as she had exited his ownership."

لِثَلَاثَةِ مَمَالِيكَ لَهُ أَنْتُمْ أَحْرَارٌ وَ كَانَ لَهُ أَرْبَعَةٌ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ أَعْتَقْتَ مَمَالِيكَكَ قَالَ نَعَمْ أَ يَجِبُ‌ عِتْقُ الْأَرْبَعَةِ حِينَ أَجْمَلَهُمْ أَوْ هُوَ لِلثَّلَاثَةِ الَّذِينَ أَعْتَقَ قَالَ إِنَّمَا يَجِبُ الْعِتْقُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ.

I asked him about a man who said to three of his slaves, "You are free," while he actually had four slaves. Then someone said to him: "You have freed all your slaves." He replied: "Yes." I asked: "Is the emancipation binding for all four because he generalized them, or is it limited to the three whom he specifically me

بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا إِنَّمَا جَعَلَ ذَلِكَ لِلْأَوَّلِ‌[1] وَ هُوَ فِي الْآخَرِ بِالْخِيَارِ إِنْ شَاءَ أَعْتَقَ وَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَمْسَكَ.

Hadith.3444 - Hammad narrated from al-Halabi, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who married his bondwoman to another man and stipulated that any child she bore would be free. Then her husband either divorced her or died, and she was married to another man. I asked: "What is the status of her child in this case?"

لَا طَلَاقَ قَبْلَ نِكَاحٍ وَ لَا عِتْقَ قَبْلَ مِلْكٍ[2]

لِغُلَامِهِ أُعْتِقُكَ عَلَى أَنْ أُزَوِّجَكَ جَارِيَتِي هَذِهِ فَإِنْ نَكَحْتَ عَلَيْهَا أَوْ تَسَرَّيْتَ فَعَلَيْكَ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ فَأَعْتَقَهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ فَنَكَحَ أَوْ تَسَرَّى أَ عَلَيْهِ مِائَةُ دِينَارٍ وَ يَجُوزُ شَرْطُهُ قَالَ يَجُوزُ عَلَيْهِ شَرْطُهُ‌[3].

Hadith.3446 - Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah asked him about a man who said to his slave, "I will free you on the condition that I marry you to this bondwoman of mine. However, if you marry another woman or take another concubine, you will be liable for one hundred dinars." Then he freed him based on this condition, an

فِي رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكَهُ عَلَى أَنْ يُزَوِّجَهُ ابْنَتَهُ وَ شَرَطَ عَلَيْهِ إِنْ تَزَوَّجَ أَوْ تَسَرَّى عَلَيْهَا فَعَلَيْهِ كَذَا وَ كَذَا قَالَ يَجُوزُ[4]

لَا[1].

Hadith.3448 - Ya'qub ibn Shu'ayb asked him about a man who freed his bondwoman on the condition that she serves him for five years. However, she ran away, and then the man died. Ya'qub asked: "If his heirs find her, do they have the right to make her serve them?" Imam (as) said: "No."

إِنْ كَانَ عَلِمَ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالًا تَبِعَهُ مَالُهُ وَ إِلَّا فَهُوَ لِلْمُعْتِقِ‌[2] وَ فِي رَجُلٍ بَاعَ مَمْلُوكاً وَ لَهُ مَالٌ قَالَ إِنْ عَلِمَ مَوْلَاهُ الَّذِي بَاعَهُ أَنَّ لَهُ مَالًا فَالْمَالُ لِلْمُشْتَرِي وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَعْلَمِ الْبَائِعُ فَالْمَالُ لِلْبَائِعِ.

Hadith.3449 - Jamil narrated from Zurarah, from Abu Ja'far Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and Abu Abdullah Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), regarding a man who freed a slave that had wealth. The Imams (as) said: "If he knew that the slave had wealth, then the wealth belongs to the freed slave. But if he did

إِذَا كَانَ لِلرَّجُلِ مَمْلُوكٌ فَأَعْتَقَهُ وَ هُوَ يَعْلَمُ[3] أَنَّ لَهُ مَالًا وَ لَمْ يَكُنِ اسْتَثْنَى السَّيِّدُ الْمَالَ حِينَ أَعْتَقَهُ فَهُوَ لِلْعَبْدِ.

سَأَلَهُ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ‌[4] عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَعْتَقَ عَبْداً لَهُ وَ

Hadith.3451 - Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah asked him about a man who freed his slave, and the slave had wealth. Then the man who freed the slave passed away. Abd al-Rahman asked: "To whom does the wealth of the slave belong? Does it go to the one who freed the slave, or does it belong to the slave?" Imam (as) said: "

إِنْ كَانَ قِيمَةُ الْعَبْدِ مِثْلَ الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ وَ مِثْلَهُ‌[1] جَازَ عِتْقُهُ وَ إِلَّا لَمْ يَجُزْ[2].

Hadith.3452 - Jamil narrated from Zurarah, from Abu Abdullah (as), regarding a man who freed his slave at the time of his death while he was in debt. Imam (as) said: "If the value of the slave equals the amount of his debt or more, the emancipation is valid. Otherwise, it is not valid."

إِنْ مِتُّ فَعَبْدِي حُرٌّ وَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ دَيْنٌ قَالَ إِنْ تُوُفِّيَ وَ عَلَيْهِ دَيْنٌ قَدْ أَحَاطَ بِثَمَنِ الْعَبْدِ بِيعَ الْعَبْدُ وَ إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ أَحَاطَ بِثَمَنِ الْعَبْدِ اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ فِي قَضَاءِ دَيْنِ مَوْلَاهُ وَ هُوَ حُرٌّ بِهِ إِذَا أَوْفَاهُ‌[1].

"If I die, my slave is free," while the man was in debt. Imam (as) said: "If he dies and his debt equals the value of the slave, the slave shall be sold to pay off the debt. But if the debt does not equal the value of the slave, the slave must work to pay off his master's debt, and he becomes free once the debt is full

إِنَّ أَبِي ع تَرَكَ سِتِّينَ مَمْلُوكاً وَ أَوْصَى بِعِتْقِ ثُلُثِهِمْ فَأَقْرَعْتُ بَيْنَهُمْ فَأَخْرَجْتُ عِشْرِينَ فَأَعْتَقْتُهُمْ[2].

إِنْ كَانَ الشَّاهِدُ مَرْضِيّاً لَمْ يَضْمَنْ وَ جَازَتْ شَهَادَتُهُ فِي نَصِيبِهِ وَ اسْتُسْعِيَ الْعَبْدُ فِيمَا كَانَ لِلْوَرَثَةِ[3].

I asked Imam (as) about a man who left a slave jointly owned by several people, and one of them testified that the deceased had freed the slave. Imam (as) said: "If the witness is trustworthy, he does not have to compensate the others, and his testimony is valid for his share. As for the remaining shares belonging to t

يَبِيعُهُ قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَنْ ثَمَنِهِ غِنًى‌[2] قَالَ إِذَا رَضِيَ الْمَمْلُوكُ فَلَا بَأْسَ.

Hadith.3456 - Ishaq ibn Ammar asked Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim) (as), about a man who frees his slave as a delayed emancipation (to take effect after his death) and then becomes in need of the slave's price. Imam (as) said: "He may sell him." I asked: "What if he is not in need of the price?" Imam (as)

إِنِ احْتَاجَ صَاحِبُهُ إِلَى ثَمَنِهِ وَ رَضِيَ الْمَمْلُوكُ فَلَا بَأْسَ‌[3].

I asked him about a mudabbar (a slave promised freedom after the owner's death). Imam (as) said: "If his owner needs the price and the slave agrees, then there is no harm in selling him."

لَا إِلَّا أَنْ يَشْتَرِطَ عَلَى الَّذِي يَبِيعُهُ إِيَّاهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَهُ عِنْدَ مَوْتِهِ‌[4].

Hadith.3458 - It is narrated by al-Ala', from Muhammad ibn Muslim, from one of the Imams (as), peace be upon them, regarding a man who frees his male or female slave as a mudabbar (to be freed after his death) and then becomes in need of the slave's price. Imam (as) said: "No, he may not sell the slave-unless he stipul

وَ سُئِلَ أَبُو إِبْرَاهِيمَ ع‌[5] عَنِ امْرَأَةٍ دَبَّرَتْ جَارِيَةً لَهَا فَوَلَدَتِ‌

Hadith.3459 - Abu Ibrahim (Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as)) was asked about a woman who made her bondwoman mudabbar (to be freed after her death). The bondwoman later gave birth to a precious daughter, and it was unclear whether the child was also mudabbar like her mother or not. Imam (as) said: "When the pregnancy

إِنْ كَانَ عَلِمَ بِحَبَلِ الْجَارِيَةِ فَمَا فِي بَطْنِهَا بِمَنْزِلَتِهَا وَ إِنْ كَانَ لَمْ يَعْلَمْ فَمَا فِي بَطْنِهَا رِقٌ‌[3] قَالَ وَ سَأَلْتُهُ عَنِ الرَّجُلِ يُدَبِّرُ الْمَمْلُوكَ وَ هُوَ حَسَنُ الْحَالِ ثُمَّ يَحْتَاجُ أَ يَجُوزُ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ قَالَ نَعَمْ إِذَا احْتَاجَ إِلَى ذَلِكَ‌[4].

Hadith.3460 - Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Washsha' asked Abu al-Hasan (as) about a man who made his bondwoman mudabbar (to be freed after his death) while she was pregnant. Imam (as) said: "If he knew about the pregnancy of the bondwoman, then what is in her womb has the same status as her (i.e., it is also mudabbar). But if h

الْمُدَبَّرُ مِنَ الثُّلُثِ وَ لِلرَّجُلِ أَنْ يَرْجِعَ فِي ثُلُثِهِ إِنْ كَانَ أَوْصَى فِي صِحَّةٍ أَوْ مَرَضٍ[5].

نَعَمْ أَيَّ ذَلِكَ شَاءَ فَعَلَ‌[1].

Hadith.3462 - Aban narrated from Abu Maryam, from Abu Abdullah (as), who was asked about a man who made his bondwoman mudabbar (to be freed after his death). Imam (as) was asked: "Can he have relations with her if he wishes, or marry her off, or sell her service during his lifetime?" Imam (as) said: "Yes, he may do any

لِمَوْلَاهُ أَنْ يُكَاتِبَهُ إِنْ شَاءَ[3] وَ لَيْسَ لَهُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ إِلَّا أَنْ يَشَاءَ الْعَبْدُ أَنْ يَبِيعَهُ مُدَّةَ حَيَاتِهِ‌[4] وَ لَهُ أَنْ يَأْخُذَ مَالَهُ إِنْ كَانَ لَهُ مَالٌ‌[5].

I asked him about a male or female slave who had been made mudabbar (to be freed after the master's death). Imam (as) said: "The master may enter into a mukataba (a contract of emancipation in exchange for payment) with the slave if he wishes. However, he cannot sell the slave unless the slave agrees to be sold for the

لَا وَ لَكِنْ لَهَا مِنْ نَفْسِهَا ثُلُثُهَا وَ لِلْوَارِثِ ثُلُثَاهَا يَسْتَخْدِمُهَا بِحِسَابِ الَّذِي لَهُ مِنْهَا وَ يَكُونُ لَهَا مِنْ نَفْسِهَا بِحِسَابِ مَا أُعْتِقَ مِنْهَا.

Hadith.3464 - Abdullah ibn Sinan asked him about a woman who freed one-third of her servant at the time of her death. He asked: "Are her heirs required to enter into a mukataba (a contract of emancipation in exchange for payment) with the servant if they wish, or can they refuse?" Imam (as) said: "No, but the servant o

لِعَبْدِهِ- إِنْ حَدَثَ بِي حَدَثٌ فَهُوَ حُرٌّ وَ عَلَى الرَّجُلِ تَحْرِيرُ رَقَبَةٍ فِي كَفَّارَةِ يَمِينٍ أَوْ ظِهَارٍ أَ لَهُ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ عَبْدَهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَهُ الْعِتْقَ إِنْ حَدَثَ بِهِ حَدَثٌ فِي كَفَّارَةِ تِلْكَ الْيَمِينِ قَالَ لَا يَجُوزُ الَّذِي يَجْعَلُ لَهُ فِي ذَلِكَ‌[1].

I asked him about a man who said to his slave, "If something happens to me, you are free." Meanwhile, the man is obligated to free a slave as an expiation for breaking an oath or zihar (a form of prohibited declaration regarding one's wife). I asked: "Can he use this same slave, whom he had promised freedom upon his de