Congregational Prayer and Its Virtue

Hadith.1091 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated that Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "There is no prayer for the one who does not attend the congregational prayer from among the neighbors of the mosque, except for someone who is ill or preoccupied."

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Hadith.1092 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said to a group of people: "You must attend the mosque, or I will burn down your houses."

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Hadith.1093 – He (as) said: "Whoever prays the five daily prayers in congregation, assume every good about him."

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Hadith.1094 - Imam (as) said: "Two people constitute a congregation."

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Hadith.1095 - Al-Hasan al-Sayqal asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about the minimum number for a congregation. Imam (as) said: "A man and a woman."

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Hadith.1096 - The Prophet said: "A believer alone is a proof (Hujjah), and a believer alone is a congregation."

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Hadith.1097 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) prayed the Fajr (dawn) prayer one day, and after finishing, he turned his face towards his companions and asked about certain people by name, asking if they were present for the prayer. They replied: "No, O’ Messenger of Allah (sw)." He (sw) then said: "Are they absent?" They said: "No, O’ Messenger of Allah (sw)." He (sw) said: "Indeed, there is no prayer heavier on the hypocrites than this prayer (Fajr) and the 'Isha' (night) prayer. If they knew the reward that is in them, they would come to them, even if crawling."

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Hadith.1098 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Whoever prays the morning (Fajr) and the evening ('Isha') prayers in congregation is under the protection of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic. Whoever wrongs him, wrongs Allah (swt), and whoever belittles him, belittles Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic."

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Hadith.1099 - The Prophet (sw) said: "If the sandals are wet, then pray in your dwellings."

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Hadith.1110 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Three people should not be prayed behind: the one who is unknown (al-majhūl), the extremist (al-ghālī) even if he claims to hold your beliefs, and the one who openly commits sinful acts (al-mujāhir bil-fisq) even if he appears moderate."

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Hadith.1101 - Imam (as) said: "If it pleases you to purify and perfect your prayers, then choose the best among you (to lead)."

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Hadith.1102 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "Whoever leads a people in prayer while there is someone among them who is more knowledgeable than him, their affairs will continue to decline until the Day of Judgment."

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Hadith.1103 - Al-Hussain ibn Kathir narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that a man asked him about reciting (Qur'an) behind the Imam (during prayer). Imam (as) said: "No, the Imam is responsible for the recitation, but the Imam does not take responsibility for the prayers of those behind him; he is only responsible for the recitation."

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Hadith.1104 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) who said: "Five people should not lead others in prayer nor should they lead them in a congregational obligatory prayer: the person with leprosy (abrāṣ), the person with a skin disease (majdhūm), the child of adultery (walad al-zina), the Bedouin (a‘rābī) until he migrates, and the person who has been subjected to the legal punishment (al-maḥdūd)."

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Hadith.1105 - The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "None of you should pray behind a person with a mutilated limb (al-ajdham), a person with leprosy (al-abrāṣ), a person with a mental disorder (al-majnūn), a person who has been subjected to a legal punishment (al-maḥdūd), the child of adultery (walad al-zina), or a Bedouin (al-a‘rābī) leading a migrant (al-muhājir)."

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Hadith.1106 - Imam (as) said: "An uncircumcised man (al-aghlaf) should not lead the people in prayer, even if he is the most proficient in reciting the Qur'an among them, because he has neglected one of the greatest aspects of the Sunnah. His testimony is not accepted, and prayers are not performed over him unless he left it (circumcision) out of fear for his life."

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Hadith.1107 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "A person in chains (al-qayd) does not lead those who are free, and a person afflicted with paralysis (al-falij) does not lead those who are healthy."

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Hadith.1108 - Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) and Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "There is no issue for a blind person to lead the prayer if the people (praying behind him) are satisfied with him and he is the best among them in recitation and the most knowledgeable in religious jurisprudence."

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Hadith.1109 - Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "Indeed, the truly blind are those who are blind in their hearts, for it is not the eyes that go blind but the hearts within the chests."

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Hadith.1111 - Imam Ali ibn Muhammad al-Hadi (as) and Imam Muhammad ibn Ali al-Jawad (as) said: "Whoever believes in anthropomorphism (al-jism), do not give them anything from the zakat, and do not pray behind them."

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Hadith.1112 - Abu Abdullah al-Barqi wrote to Abu Ja'far al-Thani (as), asking: "May I be your ransom, is it permissible to pray behind someone who stopped at (only accepted the Imamate of) your father and grandfather (as)?" Imam (as) said: "Do not pray behind him."

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Hadith.1113 - Umar ibn Yazid asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about an Imam who is generally good in all his affairs and knowledgeable, but he raises his voice and speaks harshly to his parents, causing them distress. He asked: "Should I pray behind him?" He (as) replied: "No, do not pray behind him as long as he is not openly defiant and severing ties”.

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Hadith.1114 - Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Halabi narrated from him (as) that He said: "Do not pray behind someone who declares you to be an unbeliever (kafir), and do not pray behind someone whom you have declared to be an unbeliever."

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Hadith.1115 - Saʿd ibn Ismail narrated from his father, who narrated from al-Ridha (as), that He said: "I asked him about a man who commits sins ; should one pray behind him or not?" Imam (as) said: "No."

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Hadith.1116 - It was narrated from Isma'il ibn Muslim that he asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about praying behind a man who denies (or rejects) the decree (Qadar) of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic. He (Al-Sadiq) replied: "He should repeat every prayer he performed behind him”.

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Hadith.1117 - Isma'il al-Ju'fi said to Abu Ja'far: "A man loves The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) but does not dissociate from his enemies, and he says, 'He (Ali) is dearer to me than those who opposed him.'" He (Abu Ja'far) replied: "This person is of mixed (belief) and is an enemy; do not pray behind him, nor is there any respect (to be shown to him) except if you must do so out of precaution."

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Hadith.1118 - Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "The Messenger of Allah (sw) once led his companions in prayer while seated. When he finished, He (sw) said: 'None of you should lead others in prayer while seated after me.'".

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Hadith.1119 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "The Prophet (sw) once fell from a horse, injuring the right side of his body, and he led the people in prayer while seated in the room of Umm Ibrahim”.

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Hadith.1120 - Jamil ibn Salih asked: "Which is better, for a man to pray by himself at the beginning of the time (for prayer) or to delay a little and pray with the people of his mosque if he is their Imam?" He (as) replied: "He should delay and pray with the people of his mosque if he is their Imam."

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Hadith.1121 - A man asked him: "I have a mosque at the entrance of my house. Which is better—should I pray at home where I can make my prayer longer, or should I lead them (in the mosque) and make it lighter?" He (as) wrote: "Lead them in prayer and perform it well, but do not make it too heavy (burdensome)”. 1122 1122 - وَ إِنَّ عَلِيّاً عَلَيْهِ اَلسَّلاَمُ قَالَ: فِي رَجُلَيْنِ اِخْتَلَفَا فَقَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا كُنْتُ إِمَامَكَ وَقَالَ اَلْآخَرُ كُنْتُ إِمَامَكَ قَالَ «صَلاَتُهُمَا تَامَّةٌ» قَالَ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ قَالَ أَحَدُهُمَا كُنْتُ أَئْتَمُّ بِكَ وَقَالَ اَلْآخَرُ كُنْتُ أَئْتَمُّ بِكَ قَالَ «فَصَلاَتُهُمَا فَاسِدَةٌ فَلْيَسْتَأْنِفَا. Hadith.1122 - Imam Ali (as) said regarding two men who disagreed, with one saying, "I was your Imam (leader in prayer)," and the other saying, "I was your Imam," that "their prayers are valid." When asked what if one of them said: "I was following you (as the Imam)," and the other also said: "I was following you," Imam (as) said: "Then their prayers are invalid, and they must repeat the prayer”.

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Hadith.1123 - Jamil ibn Darraj asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about an Imam who becomes ritually impure (junub) and does not have enough water to perform the full ritual bath (ghusl), while the rest of the congregation has water to perform ablution (wudu). He asked whether some of them should perform wudu and then allow the Imam to lead. Abu Abdullah (as) replied: "No, but the Imam should perform tayammum (dry ablution) and lead them, for Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic, has made the earth a purifier just as He has made water a purifier”.

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Hadith.1124 - It is narrated from him by Umar ibn Yazid that Imam (as) said: "None of you prays an obligatory prayer at its prescribed time and then prays with them (in congregation) as an act of precaution (taqiyya) while in a state of wudu, except that Allah (swt) will record for him twenty-five degrees (of reward). So strive for this."

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Hadith.1125 - It is narrated from him by Hammad ibn Uthman that Imam (as) said: "Whoever prays with them in the first row, it is as if he prayed behind the Messenger of Allah (sw) in the first row”.

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Hadith.1126 - It is narrated from him by Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari that Imam (as) said: "It will be counted for you when you join them (in prayer), even if you do not follow them (in intention); it will be counted for you just as it would if you were with someone you follow”.

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Hadith.1127 - Mas’adah ibn Sadaqah narrates that someone said to Jafar ibn Muhammad (as): "May I be your ransom! I pass by a group of Nasibis (those hostile to the AhlulBayt (as)), and their prayer has been established while I am not in a state of wudu (ritual purity). If I do not join them in prayer, they will say whatever they wish about me. Should I then pray with them and perform wudu afterward and pray again?" Jafar ibn Muhammad (as) responded: "Glory be to Allah (swt)! Does he not fear that if he prays without wudu, the earth would swallow him up?"

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Hadith.1128 - It is narrated from Zayd al-Shahham that He said: Imam Ja'far Al-Sadiq (as) said: "O’ Zayd, interact with the people through good character. Pray in their mosques, visit their sick, and attend their funerals. If you can, be the Imams and callers to prayer (mu'adhdhins), then do so. For if you do this, they will say, 'These are the Ja'fariyyah; may Allah (swt) have mercy on Ja'far, how well he trained his companions!' But if you do otherwise, they will say, 'These are the Ja'fariyyah; may Allah (swt) do with Ja'far as he deserves for how badly he trained his companions!'"

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Hadith.1129 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Give the call to prayer (adhan) behind the one you recited the prayer behind”.

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Hadith.1130 - A man said to him (as): "I pray with my family, then I go to the mosque and they ask me to lead them in prayer." Imam (as) said: "Go ahead and lead them; there is no harm in it. Pray with them."

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Hadith.1131 - Hisham ibn Salim narrated from him (as) that He said regarding a man who prays alone and then finds a congregation: "He may pray with them and count it as his obligatory (fardh) prayer if he wishes”.

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Hadith.1132 - It has been narrated: "He will be credited with the better and more complete of the two”.

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Hadith.1133 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a man leading a group in prayer while wearing trousers (sarawil) and a cloak (rida). He (as) replied: "There is no harm in it”.

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Hadith.1134 – Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said: "The last prayer that the Messenger of Allah (sw) led the people in was while wearing a single garment, with its ends crossed over one another. Shall I show you the garment?" I said: "Yes." He then brought out a cloak, and I measured it—it was seven cubits by eight hand spans.

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Hadith.1135 - Umar ibn Yazid asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about the narration that states it is not appropriate to perform supererogatory (nafl) prayers at the time of every obligatory (fardh) prayer. He asked: "What is the limit for this time?" He (as) replied: "When the person giving the iqamah (call immediately preceding the prayer) begins the iqamah." Umar said: "People differ in the timing of the iqamah." He (as) responded: "The one giving the iqamah is the one with whom the prayer is being established”.

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Hadith.1136 - Hafs ibn Salim asked: "When the muezzin (caller to prayer) says 'The prayer has been established' (during the iqamah), should the people stand up or remain seated until their Imam arrives?" He (as) replied: "No, they should stand up. If their Imam arrives, they proceed with him; otherwise, a man from among the congregation should be taken by the hand and brought forward to lead."

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Hadith.1137 – Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said: "When the prayer has been established (by the iqamah), speaking becomes forbidden for the Imam and the people of the mosque, except in the matter of appointing an Imam”.

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Hadith.1138 - It was narrated from Muhammad ibn Muslim that he was asked about a man leading two others in prayer. Imam (as) said: "He should stand in front of them and not between them." And regarding two men praying together in congregation, Imam (as) said: "Yes, he (the one leading) should have the other stand on his right”.

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Hadith.1139 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "Straighten your rows, for I see you from behind me just as I see you from in front of me and from before me. Do not differ, lest Allah (swt) cause discord among your hearts."

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Hadith.1140 - Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) said: "Praying in the first row is like striving (jihad) in the way of Allah (swt), the Mighty and Majestic."

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Hadith.1141 - Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "I see no harm in rows (of prayer) being between the columns (pillars)."

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Hadith.1142 - Imam (as) said: "Complete your rows when you see a gap, and it does not harm you to move back if you find tightness in the first row to the row behind you, walking at an angle."

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Hadith.1143 – Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said: "The rows (in prayer) should be complete and continuous, one row connected to another, and there should not be a gap between the rows that cannot be crossed, such that it should only be the space of a human body when in prostration”.

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Hadith.1144 - Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) said: "If a group prays with a gap between themselves and the Imam that cannot be crossed, then that Imam is not considered an Imam for them. Any row whose members are praying following the prayer of an Imam but are separated from the row before them by a gap that cannot be crossed, that is not a valid prayer for them. If there is a barrier or a wall, their prayer is also invalid unless one is directly aligned with the door." Imam (as) also said: "These enclosures (maqasir) were introduced by tyrants, and there is no valid prayer for anyone who prays behind them, following the prayer of those within." Furthermore, Imam (as) said: "Any woman who prays behind an Imam but with a gap between her and him that cannot be crossed, her prayer is invalid." I (the narrator) asked: "If a person comes and wishes to pray, what should they do if She is beside the man?" Imam (as) replied: "He should enter between her and the man, and She should move slightly."

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In the narration of Abdullah ibn Sinan from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s) said: "The minimum distance that should be between you and the Qibla is the space of a goat's resting place, and the maximum distance is the tethering place of a horse."

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Hadith.1146 - Ammar ibn Musa narrated that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) was asked about an Imam praying while behind him are people at a lower level than where he is praying. Imam (as) said: "If the Imam is on something like a platform or at a significantly higher level than their position, their prayer is invalid. However, if he is elevated by a finger's width or slightly more or less, due to a natural rise, or if the land is even but has a raised spot where the Imam stands while those behind him are at a lower level and the land itself is generally flat but sloped in places, then there is no issue." He was asked about an Imam standing lower than those behind him Imam (as) said: "There is no issue." Imam (as) further said: "If a person is above, on a roof or a platform or any other elevated place while the Imam prays on the ground below, it is permissible for the person to pray behind the Imam and follow his prayer even if the person is significantly higher."

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Hadith.1147 - Musa ibn Bakr asked Abu Al-Hasan Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a man who stands alone in a row during prayer. Imam (as) said: "There is no problem ; indeed, the row is formed one person at a time."

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Hadith.1148 - It was narrated from Abdul Rahman ibn Abi Abdullah that He said: "I heard Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) say: "If you enter the mosque and the Imam is in the bowing position (ruku'), and you think that if you walk towards him, he will raise his head, then pronounce the takbir (opening supplication) and bow. When the Imam raises his head, prostrate in your place. If the Imam then stands, join the row. If he sits, remain seated in your place, and when he stands again, join the row."

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Hadith.1149 - It is narrated: "He should walk during the prayer by dragging his feet and not stepping over (or taking large steps)."

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Hadith.1150 - Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "If you reach the Imam while he is in the bowing position (ruku') and you say the takbir (opening supplication) before the Imam raises his head, then you have caught the rak'ah (unit of prayer). However, if he raises his head before you bow, then you have missed that rak'ah."

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Hadith.1151 - Abu Usamah narrated that he asked about a man who reaches the Imam while he is in the bowing position (ruku'). Imam (as) said: "If he pronounces the takbir and straightens his back (stands up properly) and then bows, he has caught the rak'ah."

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Hadith.1152 - A man said to Imam Abu Ja'far (as), "I am the Imam of the mosque in our neighborhood, and when I bow (in ruku') with them, I hear the sound of their footsteps while I am in ruku'." Imam (as) replied: "Remain in your bowing position for as long as your bowing takes, and if they catch up, (continue); otherwise, stand up straight."

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Hadith.1153 - Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "It is appropriate for the Imam's prayer to be suited to the ability of the weakest among those behind him."

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Hadith.1154 - Mu'adh used to lead prayer in a mosque during the time of the Messenger of Allah (sw) and would make the recitation lengthy. One day, a man passed by while Mu'adh was reciting a long Surah, so the man recited (the prayer) for himself, completed it, and then rode off on his mount. When this incident reached The Prophet (sw), he sent for Mu'adh and said: "O’ Mu'adh, be careful not to be a source of hardship (fitnah). Recite from the shorter Surahs like 'By the sun and its brightness' (Ash-Shams) and similar ones."

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Hadith.1155 - The Prophet (sw) was leading his companions in prayer one day when he heard the crying of a child, so he shortened the prayer.

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Hadith.1156 – Zurarah and Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said: Amir al-Mu'minin (as) used to say: "Whoever recites (aloud) behind an Imam whom he follows (in prayer) and then dies will be resurrected on a different (incorrect) natural disposition (fitra)."

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Hadith.1157 - Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "If you are praying behind an Imam whom you are following, do not recite (the Qur'an) behind him, whether you hear his recitation or not, except in a prayer where the recitation is done aloud and you do not hear it—then you may recite."

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Hadith.1158 - In a narration from Ubayd ibn Zurarah from Imam (as): "If he (the follower) hears a murmur (of the Imam's recitation), he should not recite."

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Hadith.1159 – Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said: "Do not recite anything (from the Qur'an) in the last two rak'ahs of the four obligatory rak'ah prayers, whether you are an Imam or not." I (Zurarah) asked: "So what should I say in them?" Imam (as) said: "If you are an Imam or praying alone, say: 'Subhan Allah (swt) (Glory be to Allah (swt)), Alhamdulillah (Praise be to Allah (swt)), and La ilaha illAllah (swt) (There is no god but Allah (swt))' three times, making a total of nine glorifications. Then say the takbir and bow (for ruku')."

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Hadith.1160 - Wuhayb ibn Hafs narrated from Abu Basir, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as), who said: "The minimum that suffices in the last two rak'ahs is to say three tasbihat (glorifications), by saying: 'Subhan Allah (swt) (Glory be to Allah (swt)), Subhan Allah (swt), Subhan Allah (swt).'"

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1161 - In a narration from Zurarah about Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as), He said: "If you are behind an Imam, do not recite anything during the first two rak'ahs; instead, listen to his recitation and remain silent. Do not recite anything in the last two rak'ahs either, for Allah (swt), the Almighty, says to the believers: 'When the Qur'an is recited, listen to it and be silent that you may receive mercy' (Surah Al-A'raf 7:204). The last two rak'ahs are a continuation of the first two."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1162 - Bakr ibn Muhammad Al-Azdi narrated by Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "I dislike it for a person to pray behind the Imam in a prayer where the recitation is not audible, and he stands there like a donkey." I (Bakr) asked: "May I be your ransom, what should he do then?" Imam (as) replied: "He should engage in tasbih (glorification)."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Umar ibn Udhayna narrated from Zurarah by Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (a.s) that He said: "If a person joins a congregational prayer after some of it has passed but counts their prayer as valid behind the Imam, then what they have caught counts as the beginning of their prayer. For example, if they join the Dhuhr, Asr, or Isha prayers and catch two rak'ahs and miss two, they should recite Surah Al-Fatiha (the Mother of the Book) quietly in each of the two rak'ahs they perform behind the Imam. When the Imam completes the prayer (with taslim), the individual should stand and complete their remaining two rak'ahs, during which they do not recite but engage in tasbih (glorification), tahleel (saying 'La ilaha illa Allah (swt)'), and supplication without recitation. If the person joins and catches one rak'ah, they should recite Surah Al-Fatiha quietly in that rak'ah behind the Imam. When the Imam finishes with taslim, the individual should stand, recite Surah Al-Fatiha, sit for tashahhud, then stand and complete two more rak'ahs without recitation."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1164 - Ubaydullah ibn Ali Al-Halabi narrated from Zurarah from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: I asked him about a person who is behind the Imam, and the Imam prolongs the tashahhud (sitting for testimony). Imam (as) said: "He may perform the taslim (salutation of peace) and leave if he wishes."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1165 - Ishaq ibn Ammar asked Imam (as): "I enter the mosque, and the Imam is already in the bowing position (ruku'), so I bow with him while I am alone and then prostrate. When I lift my head, what should I do next?" Imam (as) replied: "Stand up and go to join them (the congregation). If they are standing, then stand with them, and if they are sitting, then sit with them."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1166 - Sama’a asked the Imam (as) about a man who enters the mosque and finds that the congregation has already prayed. Should he begin with the obligatory (fardh) prayer or offer a voluntary (nafl) prayer? Imam (as) said: "If there is still ample time, there is no harm in offering a voluntary prayer before the obligatory one. However, if he fears that the time for the obligatory prayer will end, he should prioritize the obligatory prayer, as it is the right of Allah (swt), the Almighty. Afterward, he may offer as many voluntary prayers as he wishes."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1167 - Muhammad ibn Muslim narrated from one of the Imams (as) regarding a man who enters the mosque and fears that he will miss the rak'ah (unit of prayer). Imam (as) said: "He should bow (in ruku') before reaching the congregation and then walk while in the bowing position until he joins them."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1168 - Ibrahim ibn Maymun narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) regarding a man leading women in the obligatory prayer, with no other man present. Imam (as) said: "Yes, he may lead them, and if there is a boy present, he should stand beside him."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1169 - Ammar Al-Sabati narrated that he asked Imam (as) about a man who gives the adhan (call to prayer) and iqamah (call to commence the prayer) intending to pray alone. Then another person arrives and asks to pray in congregation. He asked whether they may use the same adhan and iqamah. Imam (as) replied: "No, rather he should give the adhan and iqamah again."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1170 - The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "There is no problem if a young boy (who has not yet reached puberty) gives the adhan (call to prayer), but he should not lead the prayer until he has reached puberty. If he leads, his own prayer is valid, but the prayer of those who follow him is invalid."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1171 - Ammar al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man who arrives at the mosque just as the Imam is concluding the prayer with the taslim (final salutation). Imam (as) replied: "He should give the adhan (call to prayer), make the iqamah (call to commence the prayer), and then begin his prayer."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1172 - A question was asked about a man who enters the mosque while the congregation is already in prayer, and the Imam is ahead of him by one rak'ah. He pronounces the takbir, and then the Imam becomes unable to continue (due to illness or another reason) and takes the man’s hand (indicating him to lead), and he happens to be the nearest person to the Imam. Imam (as) said: "He should lead them in completing the prayer, then sit until they finish their tashahhud (final testimony). He should gesture to the right and left with his hand as a sign of completing the prayer (taslim) or wait until the prayer is completed by the congregation, after which he can complete what he missed of his own prayer."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1173 - Muhammad ibn Sahl narrated from his father who said: “I asked Imam Al-Ridha (as) about a person who bows (in ruku') with an Imam of a congregation who is followed, and then raises his head before the Imam.” Imam (as) replied: "He should repeat his bowing (ruku') with him."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1174 - Al-Fudayl ibn Yasar asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man who prays behind an Imam whom he is following and raises his head from prostration (Sujood) before the Imam raises his head. Imam (as) said: "He should prostrate again."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1175 - Al-Hussain ibn Yasar narrated that he heard someone asking Imam Al-Ridha (as) about a man who was praying next to another man and stood on his left side without knowing what to do upon realizing this during the prayer. Imam (as) said: "He should move him to his right side."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1176 - The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "The women used to pray with The Prophet (sw), and they were instructed not to raise their heads (from prostration) before the men due to the tightness of the garments”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1177 - Hisham ibn Salim asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about whether a woman can lead other women in prayer. Imam (as) said: "She may lead them in the nafl (supererogatory) prayers, but not in the obligatory (fardh) prayers. Moreover, She should not stand in front of them; rather, She should stand in their midst."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1178 – Zurarah narrated from Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) that He said: “I asked him whether a woman can lead other women in prayer.” Imam (as) said: "No, except for the prayer over the deceased (funeral prayer) if there is no one more appropriate than her. In that case, She should stand among them in the row, and She recites the takbir and they follow her."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hisham ibn Salim narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (a.s): "A woman's prayer in her private chamber (mikhdah) is better than her prayer in her house, and her prayer in her house is better than her prayer in the courtyard."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1180 - Al-Halabi asked Imam (as) about a man leading women in prayer. Imam (as) said: "Yes, he may lead them, and if there are young boys among them, position them in front of the women, even if they are servants."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1181 - Dawud ibn Al-Hussain narrated that the Imam (as) said: "A resident (non-traveler) should not lead a traveler, nor should a traveler lead a resident. If a man finds himself in a situation where he must lead a congregation of residents and completes two rak'ahs, he should then offer the taslim (salutation of peace), take the hand of one of the residents, and place him to lead the rest. When a traveler prays behind a group of residents, he should complete his prayer with two rak'ahs and then offer the taslim."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1182 - It has been narrated: "If a person fears for himself due to those praying with him, he should pray the last two rak'ahs and make them voluntary (nafl) prayers”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1183 - It has been narrated: "If it is during the Dhuhr prayer, he should make the first two rak'ahs obligatory and the last two rak'ahs voluntary. If it is during the Asr prayer, he should make the first two rak'ahs voluntary and the last two rak'ahs obligatory."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1184 - It has been narrated: "If it is during the Dhuhr prayer, he should make the first two rak'ahs for Dhuhr and the last two rak'ahs for Asr."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1185 - Abdullah ibn al-Mughira narrated that Mansur ibn Hazim used to say: "If you come to the Imam and he is sitting, having already prayed two rak'ahs, say the takbir (Allahu Akbar) and then sit. When you stand up, say the takbir again."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1186 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "It is sufficient for you to recite like a whisper to yourself when you are with them (in congregation)."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1187 - The Messenger of Allah (sw) said: "Whoever leads a group in prayer and reserves the supplication for himself, excluding them, has betrayed them”.

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Hadith.1188 - Abu Basir narrated from one of the Imams (as) who said: "Do not let the Imam hear your supplication behind him”.

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Hadith.1189 - Abu Bakr ibn Abi Samal who said: "I prayed behind Abu Abdullah (as) for Fajr (dawn prayer). When he finished the recitation in the second rak'ah, he raised his voice slightly as if reciting and said: Allahumma ighfir lana wa irhamna wa ‘afina wa ‘u‘fu ‘anna fi ad-dunya wa al-akhirah. Innaka ‘ala kulli shay’in qadeer 'O’ Allah (swt), forgive us, have mercy on us, grant us well-being, and pardon us in this world and the Hereafter. Truly, You have power over all things.'".

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1190 - Hafs ibn al-Bakhtari narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: "It is appropriate for the Imam to sit until those behind him complete their prayers. The Imam should also recite the tashahhud (testimony of faith) loud enough for those behind him to hear, but they should not make their recitation audible to him—referring to the two testimonies (Shahadatayn). He should also audibly recite 'Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah (swt).'"

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1191 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "Ibn Mas'ud corrupted people's prayers with two things: by saying 'Blessed be Your Name, and Exalted is Your Majesty,' which was something the jinn said ignorantly, and Allah (swt), the Exalted, narrated it from them, and by saying 'Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah (swt)'."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1192 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a man who is behind an Imam and the Imam prolongs the tashahhud, causing the man to feel the urge to urinate, fear missing something, or experience pain. What should he do? Imam (as) replied: "He should perform the taslim (salutation of peace), leave, and leave the Imam."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1193 - The Commander of the Faithful Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (as) said: "If an Imam leading the prayer realizes during the prayer that he is in a state of janabah (major ritual impurity) due to forgetfulness, or if he experiences a minor impurity, nosebleed, or a disturbance in his stomach, he should place his garment over his nose and leave the prayer. He should take the hand of a man to lead the prayer in his place, then perform wudu' and complete what remains of his prayer. If he is in a state of janabah, he should perform ghusl (ritual purification bath) and then repeat the entire prayer."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1194 - Muawiya ibn Maysara narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: "It is not appropriate for the Imam, if he becomes impure (breaks his wudu'), to appoint someone else to lead except for someone who was present from the beginning of the iqamah (call to start the prayer). If he appoints someone who has missed a rak'ah, it should not be done." Abdullah ibn Sinan narrated from him (as) that He said: "When the Imam completes his prayer with the congregation, he should gesture to them to the right and left so they can disperse, and then he should complete whatever part of the prayer he missed."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1195 - Jamil ibn Darraj narrated from Imam (as) regarding a man who led a congregation in prayer without wudu' (ritual purity), then left and appointed another man to lead, but the new leader did not know what the previous Imam had prayed. Imam (as) said: "Those behind him should remind him."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1196 – Zurarah asked Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) about a man who joined a group in their prayer without intending it as his own prayer. Then, their Imam experienced an issue (e.g., impurity) and took the hand of that man and appointed him to lead the prayer. Zurarah asked: "Does their prayer count if they complete it with him, even though he did not intend it as his own prayer?" Imam (as) replied: "It is not appropriate for a man to join a group in their prayer without intending it as his own prayer. Rather, he should intend it as such, even if he has already prayed. This way, he will have another prayer counted. If not, he should not join them. Nevertheless, the prayer of the group may be valid even if he did not intend it as his own”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1197 - Ali ibn Ja'far asked his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about an Imam who becomes impure (invalidates his wudu') and leaves the prayer without appointing someone to continue leading. What is the status of the congregation? Imam (as) replied: "There is no valid prayer for them without an Imam. Therefore, one of them should step forward to lead the remainder of the prayer, and their prayer will be completed."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1198 - Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that he was asked about a man who led a congregation, prayed one rak'ah with them, and then passed away. Imam (as) said: "They should appoint another man to lead them, count the rak'ah (already prayed), and move the deceased to the back. Those who touched him must perform ghusl (ritual purification). If someone led a congregation while in a state of major ritual impurity (janabah) or without wudu', they must repeat their prayer, but the congregation does not need to repeat theirs, and the Imam is not obligated to inform them. If he had to inform them, it would cause great distress." I asked: "How would this apply to someone who went to Khurasan or to those who are unknown?" Imam (as) replied: "This is not applicable to him (in such a case)."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1199 - Al-Halabi narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "If you miss a part of the prayer with the Imam, consider what you perform upon joining as the beginning of your prayer, and do not consider the beginning of your prayer as its end”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1200 - Ubayd ibn Zurarah reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) regarding a man who joined the prayer with the Imam but had missed one rak'ah. After the Imam concluded the prayer, he left with the people and then remembered that he had missed a rak'ah. Imam (as) said: "He should perform one rak'ah”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1201 - In the book of Ziyad ibn Marwan al-Qandi and in the Nawadir of Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr, it is narrated that Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said regarding a man who led a group in prayer from the time they left Khurasan until they reached Mecca, and then it was discovered that he was a Jew or a Christian: "They do not need to repeat their prayers”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1202 - Ali ibn Ja'far was asked about his brother Imam Musa ibn Jafar Al-Kadhim (as) about a woman leading other women in prayer: "What is the limit of raising her voice in the takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar') and in recitation?" Imam (as) replied: "To the extent that they can hear her."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1203 - Ammar al-Sabati narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) who said: "I asked him about a man who, while praying behind an Imam, forgets to say the tasbih (glorification) during Sujood (prostration) or ruku' (bowing) or forgets to say something between the two prostrations." Imam (as) said: "There is no obligation upon him (no penalty)."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1204 - Imam Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Baqir (as) sked a man: "What do these people say about a person who misses two rak'ahs with the Imam?" The man replied: "They say he should recite Al-Hamd (Surah Al-Fatiha) and a Surah in the two rak'ahs." Imam (as) said: "This would reverse his prayer, making the beginning the end." The man then asked: "So what should he do?" Imam (as) replied: "He should recite Surah Al-Fatiha in each rak'ah”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1205 - Ammar al-Sabati asked Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) about a man who becomes forgetful while praying behind an Imam after beginning the prayer. He neither said anything, made the takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar'), glorified (did tasbih), nor recited the tashahhud until the Imam concluded the prayer with the taslim. Imam (as) said: "His prayer is valid, and there is no obligation upon him. If he was forgetful while praying behind the Imam, he is not required to perform the two prostrations for forgetfulness because the Imam is responsible for the prayer of those who pray behind him”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1206 - Muhammad ibn Sahl narrated from Imam Al-Ridha (as) that He said: "The Imam bears the mistakes (or forgetfulness) of those who pray behind him, except for the opening takbir (takbirat al-ihram)."

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Hadith.1207 - Abu Basir narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that when he asked: "Does the Imam guarantee (the correctness of) the prayer?" Imam (as) replied: "No, he is not a guarantor."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1208 - Jamil ibn Darraj narrated from Zurarah, from one of the Imams (as) who said: "I asked him about a man who leads a congregation for two rak'ahs and then informs them that he was not in a state of wudu' (ritual purity). Imam (as) said: 'The congregation should complete their prayer because the Imam bears no responsibility (for their prayers).'".

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1209 - Abu al-Maghra' Humayd ibn al-Muthanna said: "I was with Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) when Hafs al-Kalbi asked him: "When I am behind the Imam and he is reciting aloud, may I make supplications and seek refuge (in Allah (swt))?" Imam (as) said: "Yes, you may supplicate."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1210 - Al-Hussain ibn Abdullah al-Arrajani narrated from Imam (as) who said: "Whoever prays in his own mosque and then goes to one of their mosques and prays with them, he will leave with the reward of their good deeds."

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Hadith.1211 - Abdullah ibn Sinan narrated from Imam (as) who said: "There is no servant who prays at the prescribed time, completes it, then joins another group and prays with them while still in a state of wudu' except that Allah (swt) writes for him twenty-five degrees (levels of reward)."

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Hadith.1212 - He also said to Imam (as): "There is a mosque near my door in which there are people who oppose and are hostile. They remain in prayer during the evening, and I pray Asr and then go out and join them in prayer." Imam (as) said: "Would you not be pleased to have it counted for you as twenty-four prayers?".

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Hadith.1213 - Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) said: "If you pray with them, you will be forgiven to the extent of the number of those who oppose you."

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Hadith.1214 - Al-Halabi narrated from the Imam (as) from his father (as) who said: "If you have already prayed and you are in the mosque, and the congregational prayer is established, then if you wish, you may leave, or if you wish, you may pray with them and consider it as a form of tasbih (remembrance and glorification)."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1215 - Ishaq ibn Ammar narrated from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "Pray and consider it for what you missed."

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Hadith.1216 - Mu'awiyah ibn Sharih reported from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) that He said: "If a person comes quickly while the Imam is in ruku' (bowing), one takbir (saying 'Allahu Akbar') suffices for him to enter the prayer and perform the ruku'."

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1217 Muhammad ibn Abi Umayr narrated from Abu Ali al-Harrani who said: “We were with Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) when a man came and said: "We prayed Fajr in the mosque, and some of us left while others stayed for tasbih (glorification). Then, a man entered the mosque and began to give the adhan. We prevented and stopped him from doing that." Abu Abdullah (as) said: "You did well to stop and prevent him firmly." I asked him, "What if a group enters?" Imam (as) said: "They should pray in a corner of the mosque without appointing an Imam”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.

Hadith.1218 - Al-Hasan ibn Mahbub narrated from Jamil ibn Salih, from Sama’a, from Imam Jafar ibn Muhammad Al-Sadiq (as) regarding a man who was behind the Imam and missed one rak'ah, but then the Imam mistakenly performed five rak'ahs. Imam (as) said: "He (the follower) should make up the missed rak'ah and should not count the Imam's mistake”.

Translation: Bab Ul Qaim Publications·Thaqalayn link·The Arabic above is the original.